Estimation of the sample position is essential for working process monitoring and management in the life science automation laboratory.Bluetooth low-energy(BLE)beacons have the advantages of low price,small size and l...Estimation of the sample position is essential for working process monitoring and management in the life science automation laboratory.Bluetooth low-energy(BLE)beacons have the advantages of low price,small size and low energy consumption,which make them a promising solution for sample position estimation in the automated laboratory.Several fingerprinting models have been proposed to achieve indoor localization with the received signal strength(RSS)data.However,most of the research depends on intensive beacon installation.Proximity estimation,which depends entirely on one beacon,is more suitable for sample position estimation in large automated laboratories.The complexity of the life science automation laboratory environment brings challenges to the traditional path loss model(PLM),which is a widely used radio wave propagation model-based proximity estimation method.In this paper,BLE sensing devices for sample position estimation are proposed.The BLE beacon-based proximity estimation is discussed in the framework of machine learning,in which the support vector regression(SVR)is utilized to model the nonlinear relationship between the RSS data and distance,and the Kalman filter is utilized to decrease the RSS data deviation.The experimental results over different environments indicate that the SVR outperforms the PLM significantly,and provides 1 m absolute errors for more than 95%of the testing samples.The Kalman filter brings benefits to stable distance predictions.Apart from proximity-based sample position estimation,the proposed framework turned out to be effective in position estimation between parallel workbenches and position estimation on an automated workstation.展开更多
Due to the inability of the Global Positioning System(GPS)signals to penetrate through surfaces like roofs,walls,and other objects in indoor environments,numerous alternative methods for user positioning have been pre...Due to the inability of the Global Positioning System(GPS)signals to penetrate through surfaces like roofs,walls,and other objects in indoor environments,numerous alternative methods for user positioning have been presented.Amongst those,the Wi-Fi fingerprinting method has gained considerable interest in Indoor Positioning Systems(IPS)as the need for lineof-sight measurements is minimal,and it achieves better efficiency in even complex indoor environments.Offline and online are the two phases of the fingerprinting method.Many researchers have highlighted the problems in the offline phase as it deals with huge datasets and validation of Fingerprints without pre-processing of data becomes a concern.Machine learning is used for the model training in the offline phase while the locations are estimated in the online phase.Many researchers have considered the concerns in the offline phase as it deals with huge datasets and validation of Fingerprints becomes an issue.Machine learning algorithms are a natural solution for winnowing through large datasets and determining the significant fragments of information for localization,creating precise models to predict an indoor location.Large training sets are a key for obtaining better results in machine learning problems.Therefore,an existing WLAN fingerprinting-based multistory building location database has been used with 21049 samples including 19938 training and 1111 testing samples.The proposed model consists of mean and median filtering as pre-processing techniques applied to the database for enhancing the accuracy by mitigating the impact of environmental dispersion and investigated machine learning algorithms(kNN,WkNN,FSkNN,and SVM)for estimating the location.The proposed SVM with median filtering algorithm gives a reduced mean positioning error of 0.7959 m and an improved efficiency of 92.84%as compared to all variants of the proposed method for 108703 m^(2) area.展开更多
针对接收信号强度指示(Received Signal Strength Indication,RSSI)时变现象影响WLAN室内定位精度问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于RSSI概率统计分布(Statistical Probability Distribution,SPD)的加权K最近邻(Weighted K-Nearest Neighbo...针对接收信号强度指示(Received Signal Strength Indication,RSSI)时变现象影响WLAN室内定位精度问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于RSSI概率统计分布(Statistical Probability Distribution,SPD)的加权K最近邻(Weighted K-Nearest Neighbor,WKNN)方法——SPD-WKNN方法。该方法首先利用SPD方法得到指纹点RSSI向量区间;然后运用SVM算法选取测试点K个近邻指纹点,计算测试点RSSI向量到每个近邻指纹点的最小欧氏距离;最后结合WKNN算法获取定位结果。实验结果表明,SPD-WKNN方法与NN、KNN、WKNN、SVR和LSSVM方法相比定位误差分别降低了47.3%、41.6%、31.9%、27.1%和16.3%,呈现了良好的定位效果;利用SVM算法的稀疏性明显减小了运算时间。展开更多
针对接收信号强度(received signal strength,RSS)的时变性降低WLAN室内定位精度的问题,提出了一种基于核直接判别分析(kernel direct discriminant analysis,KDDA)和混洗蛙跳最小二乘支持向量回归机(SFLA-LSSVR)的定位算法,该算法通过...针对接收信号强度(received signal strength,RSS)的时变性降低WLAN室内定位精度的问题,提出了一种基于核直接判别分析(kernel direct discriminant analysis,KDDA)和混洗蛙跳最小二乘支持向量回归机(SFLA-LSSVR)的定位算法,该算法通过核函数策略将采集的各接入点(access point,AP)的RSS信号映射到非线性领域,有效提取了非线性定位特征,重组定位信息,去除冗余定位特征和噪声;然后采用LSSVR算法构建指纹点定位特征数据与物理位置的映射关系模型,采用SFLA算法优化该关系模型的参数,并用该关系模型对测试点的位置进行回归预测.实验结果表明:提出算法在相同的采样次数下的定位精度明显优于WKNN,ANN,LSSVR算法,并且在相同的定位精度下,采样次数较大减少,是一种性能良好的WLAN室内定位算法.展开更多
基金the Synergy Project ADAM(Autonomous Discovery of Advanced Materials)funded by the European Research Council(Grant No.856405).
文摘Estimation of the sample position is essential for working process monitoring and management in the life science automation laboratory.Bluetooth low-energy(BLE)beacons have the advantages of low price,small size and low energy consumption,which make them a promising solution for sample position estimation in the automated laboratory.Several fingerprinting models have been proposed to achieve indoor localization with the received signal strength(RSS)data.However,most of the research depends on intensive beacon installation.Proximity estimation,which depends entirely on one beacon,is more suitable for sample position estimation in large automated laboratories.The complexity of the life science automation laboratory environment brings challenges to the traditional path loss model(PLM),which is a widely used radio wave propagation model-based proximity estimation method.In this paper,BLE sensing devices for sample position estimation are proposed.The BLE beacon-based proximity estimation is discussed in the framework of machine learning,in which the support vector regression(SVR)is utilized to model the nonlinear relationship between the RSS data and distance,and the Kalman filter is utilized to decrease the RSS data deviation.The experimental results over different environments indicate that the SVR outperforms the PLM significantly,and provides 1 m absolute errors for more than 95%of the testing samples.The Kalman filter brings benefits to stable distance predictions.Apart from proximity-based sample position estimation,the proposed framework turned out to be effective in position estimation between parallel workbenches and position estimation on an automated workstation.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the National University of Sciences and Technology for funding this work through the Researchers Supporting Grant,National University of Sciences and Technology,Islamabad,Pakistan.
文摘Due to the inability of the Global Positioning System(GPS)signals to penetrate through surfaces like roofs,walls,and other objects in indoor environments,numerous alternative methods for user positioning have been presented.Amongst those,the Wi-Fi fingerprinting method has gained considerable interest in Indoor Positioning Systems(IPS)as the need for lineof-sight measurements is minimal,and it achieves better efficiency in even complex indoor environments.Offline and online are the two phases of the fingerprinting method.Many researchers have highlighted the problems in the offline phase as it deals with huge datasets and validation of Fingerprints without pre-processing of data becomes a concern.Machine learning is used for the model training in the offline phase while the locations are estimated in the online phase.Many researchers have considered the concerns in the offline phase as it deals with huge datasets and validation of Fingerprints becomes an issue.Machine learning algorithms are a natural solution for winnowing through large datasets and determining the significant fragments of information for localization,creating precise models to predict an indoor location.Large training sets are a key for obtaining better results in machine learning problems.Therefore,an existing WLAN fingerprinting-based multistory building location database has been used with 21049 samples including 19938 training and 1111 testing samples.The proposed model consists of mean and median filtering as pre-processing techniques applied to the database for enhancing the accuracy by mitigating the impact of environmental dispersion and investigated machine learning algorithms(kNN,WkNN,FSkNN,and SVM)for estimating the location.The proposed SVM with median filtering algorithm gives a reduced mean positioning error of 0.7959 m and an improved efficiency of 92.84%as compared to all variants of the proposed method for 108703 m^(2) area.
文摘针对接收信号强度指示(Received Signal Strength Indication,RSSI)时变现象影响WLAN室内定位精度问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于RSSI概率统计分布(Statistical Probability Distribution,SPD)的加权K最近邻(Weighted K-Nearest Neighbor,WKNN)方法——SPD-WKNN方法。该方法首先利用SPD方法得到指纹点RSSI向量区间;然后运用SVM算法选取测试点K个近邻指纹点,计算测试点RSSI向量到每个近邻指纹点的最小欧氏距离;最后结合WKNN算法获取定位结果。实验结果表明,SPD-WKNN方法与NN、KNN、WKNN、SVR和LSSVM方法相比定位误差分别降低了47.3%、41.6%、31.9%、27.1%和16.3%,呈现了良好的定位效果;利用SVM算法的稀疏性明显减小了运算时间。
文摘针对接收信号强度(received signal strength,RSS)的时变性降低WLAN室内定位精度的问题,提出了一种基于核直接判别分析(kernel direct discriminant analysis,KDDA)和混洗蛙跳最小二乘支持向量回归机(SFLA-LSSVR)的定位算法,该算法通过核函数策略将采集的各接入点(access point,AP)的RSS信号映射到非线性领域,有效提取了非线性定位特征,重组定位信息,去除冗余定位特征和噪声;然后采用LSSVR算法构建指纹点定位特征数据与物理位置的映射关系模型,采用SFLA算法优化该关系模型的参数,并用该关系模型对测试点的位置进行回归预测.实验结果表明:提出算法在相同的采样次数下的定位精度明显优于WKNN,ANN,LSSVR算法,并且在相同的定位精度下,采样次数较大减少,是一种性能良好的WLAN室内定位算法.
文摘为解决传统加权K最近邻算法(WKNN,Weighting K-Nearest Neighbor)定位方法中选取K值存在局限性影响定位精度的问题,提出了一种改进型几何聚类指纹室内定位方法。该方法首先利用网格分布在定位区域构建指纹点几何位置分布,采集指纹点接收信号强度(RSS,Received Signal Strength)和位置信息,建立指纹定位数据库;然后,利用支持向量机分类算法在解决高维度和非线性问题上的优势选取定位点的多个近邻指纹点,根据对定位贡献度的大小筛选近邻指纹点并构建几何聚类定位区域;最后利用WKNN算法进行定位。实验结果表明,提出的方法解决了传统WKNN方法中多边形定位区域在K值选取存在局限性的问题,具有更高的定位精度和工程实用性。
