We build a simple overlapping generation model to investigate the effect of life expectancy on the real exchange rate where fertility is chosen endogenously.The model reveals that,although the overall effect of life e...We build a simple overlapping generation model to investigate the effect of life expectancy on the real exchange rate where fertility is chosen endogenously.The model reveals that,although the overall effect of life expectancy on the real exchange rate is not certain,longer life expectancy tends to cause the real exchange rate to depreciate by reducing fertility.Fertility thus serves as a mediator in the effect of life expectancy on the real exchange rate.Evidence from 148 economies(1980-2018)shows a statistically significant and robust negative relationship between life expectancy and the real exchange rate.It is estimated that a I year increase in life expectancy is associated with a 1.5 percent depreciation in the real exchange rate.The evidence also confirms the mediated effect of fertility.The mediated effect that fertility exerts accounts for 30 percent to 50 percent of the total effect,depending on the real exchange rate index used.展开更多
Monodisperse droplet spray dryers have great advantages in particle formation through spray drying because of their ability to produce uniform sized particles. Experimental analyses of this system have shown that drop...Monodisperse droplet spray dryers have great advantages in particle formation through spray drying because of their ability to produce uniform sized particles. Experimental analyses of this system have shown that droplets atomized through the piezoceramic nozzle need to be sufficiently well dispersed before entering the drying chamber to achieve sufficiently dried particles. However, the dispersion dynamics cannot be readily observed because of experimental limitations, and key factors influencing the dispersion state currently remain unclear. This study carried out numerical simulations for droplet dispersions in the dispersion chamber, which allow this important process to be visualized. The system- atic and quantitative analyses on the dispersion states provide valuable data for improving the design of the dispersion chamber, and optimizing the spray drying operation.展开更多
The development and application of several flot ation reagents of rare earth minerals in China since 1960s and their performance were described. Furthermore, the development trends of flotation reagents of ra re eart...The development and application of several flot ation reagents of rare earth minerals in China since 1960s and their performance were described. Furthermore, the development trends of flotation reagents of ra re earth minerals were discussed.展开更多
Due to altering the budget of important trace gases and changing the composition of atmospheric aerosols,heterogeneous reactions between trace gases and liquid/solid aerosols have become an important subject of atmosp...Due to altering the budget of important trace gases and changing the composition of atmospheric aerosols,heterogeneous reactions between trace gases and liquid/solid aerosols have become an important subject of atmospheric science in recent years.However,the kinetics and mechanism of these reactions have not been well-understood yet.In recent years,we have established an integrated method to study a series of atmospheric heterogeneous reactions under control atmospheric conditions.Using on-line techniques,such as Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform spectroscopy,Raman microspectrometry and Knudsen cell,the heterogeneous reactions of a series of trace gases(NO2,SO2,H2O2,DMS,C2H5 I and Monocarboxylic acids)on mineral oxides and black carbon were investigated.The uptake coefficients and mechanisms at different atmospheric conditions(temperature,relative humidity and reactant concentration)were obtained.In addition,a home-made equipment named rotated wetted-wall reactor was designed for the in situinvestigations of the uptake of volatile organic compounds into the H2SO4 solution and H2SO4/H2O2 mixed solution.In this review,we present the main results obtained in our laboratory studies and propose some challenges that still exist in the heterogeneous reaction studies.展开更多
基金supported financially by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Nos.19BJL131,19BJL029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71973109)。
文摘We build a simple overlapping generation model to investigate the effect of life expectancy on the real exchange rate where fertility is chosen endogenously.The model reveals that,although the overall effect of life expectancy on the real exchange rate is not certain,longer life expectancy tends to cause the real exchange rate to depreciate by reducing fertility.Fertility thus serves as a mediator in the effect of life expectancy on the real exchange rate.Evidence from 148 economies(1980-2018)shows a statistically significant and robust negative relationship between life expectancy and the real exchange rate.It is estimated that a I year increase in life expectancy is associated with a 1.5 percent depreciation in the real exchange rate.The evidence also confirms the mediated effect of fertility.The mediated effect that fertility exerts accounts for 30 percent to 50 percent of the total effect,depending on the real exchange rate index used.
文摘Monodisperse droplet spray dryers have great advantages in particle formation through spray drying because of their ability to produce uniform sized particles. Experimental analyses of this system have shown that droplets atomized through the piezoceramic nozzle need to be sufficiently well dispersed before entering the drying chamber to achieve sufficiently dried particles. However, the dispersion dynamics cannot be readily observed because of experimental limitations, and key factors influencing the dispersion state currently remain unclear. This study carried out numerical simulations for droplet dispersions in the dispersion chamber, which allow this important process to be visualized. The system- atic and quantitative analyses on the dispersion states provide valuable data for improving the design of the dispersion chamber, and optimizing the spray drying operation.
文摘The development and application of several flot ation reagents of rare earth minerals in China since 1960s and their performance were described. Furthermore, the development trends of flotation reagents of ra re earth minerals were discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40925016 & 40830101)
文摘Due to altering the budget of important trace gases and changing the composition of atmospheric aerosols,heterogeneous reactions between trace gases and liquid/solid aerosols have become an important subject of atmospheric science in recent years.However,the kinetics and mechanism of these reactions have not been well-understood yet.In recent years,we have established an integrated method to study a series of atmospheric heterogeneous reactions under control atmospheric conditions.Using on-line techniques,such as Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform spectroscopy,Raman microspectrometry and Knudsen cell,the heterogeneous reactions of a series of trace gases(NO2,SO2,H2O2,DMS,C2H5 I and Monocarboxylic acids)on mineral oxides and black carbon were investigated.The uptake coefficients and mechanisms at different atmospheric conditions(temperature,relative humidity and reactant concentration)were obtained.In addition,a home-made equipment named rotated wetted-wall reactor was designed for the in situinvestigations of the uptake of volatile organic compounds into the H2SO4 solution and H2SO4/H2O2 mixed solution.In this review,we present the main results obtained in our laboratory studies and propose some challenges that still exist in the heterogeneous reaction studies.
