在大田生产条件下,以紧凑型高秆品种宁麦9号和矮秆品种矮抗58、中间型品种扬麦12、松散型品种淮麦17为材料,测定并分析了3个施氮水平下不同生育时期的小麦冠层叶型特征,以及开花期小麦叶长和叶宽、单叶面积、茎叶夹角、分层叶面积指数...在大田生产条件下,以紧凑型高秆品种宁麦9号和矮秆品种矮抗58、中间型品种扬麦12、松散型品种淮麦17为材料,测定并分析了3个施氮水平下不同生育时期的小麦冠层叶型特征,以及开花期小麦叶长和叶宽、单叶面积、茎叶夹角、分层叶面积指数和群体透光率的垂直分布特征。结果表明,小麦叶型特征存在显著的基因型差异,而施氮量的调控作用因叶型性状和生育时期不同而各异。叶片定形后,从植株基部向上,4个小麦品种不同叶位叶片单叶面积呈"升-降-升-降"的变化趋势,而茎叶夹角呈递减趋势。其最大分层叶面积指数所在的相对冠层高度为0.60。从冠层基部向上,群体透光率逐渐增加,符合二次多项式曲线。施氮提高了单叶面积,其中扬麦12和淮麦17的增加幅度较大。施氮提高了各叶位茎叶夹角,且对宁麦9号、淮麦17和扬麦12冠层下部茎叶夹角的调控作用大于冠层上部,而对矮抗58正好相反。施氮提高了各株型小麦品种的分层叶面积指数,降低了群体透光率,但过量施氮条件下,宁麦9号和矮抗58透光率的下降幅度小于扬麦12和淮麦17。各株型小麦品种群体透光率随累积叶面积指数的增加而递减。籽粒产量为N150(150 kg hm-2)>N225(225 kg hm-2)>N75(75 kg hm-2)。施氮显著提高了小麦品种穗数和收获指数,但对千粒重的影响不显著。穗粒数以高氮处理最高,低氮处理其次。籽粒产量、千粒重、穗数、穗粒数和收获指数在4个株型品种间差异显著,籽粒产量为矮抗58>宁麦9号>扬麦12>淮麦17,穗数和穗粒数是造成籽粒产量差异的主要原因。展开更多
Background:The long-term trend in cancer death in a rapidly developing country provides information for cancer prophylaxis.Here,we aimed to identify the trends in cancer mortality in China during the 2004-2018 period....Background:The long-term trend in cancer death in a rapidly developing country provides information for cancer prophylaxis.Here,we aimed to identify the trends in cancer mortality in China during the 2004-2018 period.Methods:Using raw data from the national mortality surveillance system of China,we assessed the mortalities of all cancer and site-specific cancers during the 2004-2018 period.The participants were divided into three age groups:≥65 years,40-64 years,and≤39 years.Changing trends in cancer death by gender,residency,and tumor location were estimated using fitting joinpoint models to log-transformed crude mortality rates(CMRs)and age-standardizedmortality rates(ASMRs).Results:Cancer death accounted for 24% of all-cause of death in China during 2014-2018.The CMR of all cancer was 150.0 per 100,000 persons.Cancer was the leading cause of death in the population<65 years.The six major cancer types(lung/bronchus cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,esophagus cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreas cancer)accounted for 75.85% of all cancer deaths.The CMR of all cancer increased while the ASMR decreased during 2014-2018(P<0.001).Lung/bronchus cancer and liver cancer were the leading causes of cancer death in the population<65 years,accounting for 45.31%(CMR)and 44.35%(ASMR)of all cancer death,respectively.The ASMR of liver cancer was higher in the 40-64 years population than in the≥65 years population,in contrast to the other five major cancers.The ASMRs of liver cancer,stomach cancer,and esophagus cancer decreased although they were higher in rural residents than in urban residents;the ASMRs of lung/bronchus cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreas cancer increased in rural residents although they were higher in urban residents than in rural residents during 2014-2018.Conclusion:Although the ASMR of all cancer decreased in China during 2004-2018,lung/bronchus cancer and liver cancer remained the leading causes of cancer-related premature death.Lung/bronchus cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreas cancer increase展开更多
文摘在大田生产条件下,以紧凑型高秆品种宁麦9号和矮秆品种矮抗58、中间型品种扬麦12、松散型品种淮麦17为材料,测定并分析了3个施氮水平下不同生育时期的小麦冠层叶型特征,以及开花期小麦叶长和叶宽、单叶面积、茎叶夹角、分层叶面积指数和群体透光率的垂直分布特征。结果表明,小麦叶型特征存在显著的基因型差异,而施氮量的调控作用因叶型性状和生育时期不同而各异。叶片定形后,从植株基部向上,4个小麦品种不同叶位叶片单叶面积呈"升-降-升-降"的变化趋势,而茎叶夹角呈递减趋势。其最大分层叶面积指数所在的相对冠层高度为0.60。从冠层基部向上,群体透光率逐渐增加,符合二次多项式曲线。施氮提高了单叶面积,其中扬麦12和淮麦17的增加幅度较大。施氮提高了各叶位茎叶夹角,且对宁麦9号、淮麦17和扬麦12冠层下部茎叶夹角的调控作用大于冠层上部,而对矮抗58正好相反。施氮提高了各株型小麦品种的分层叶面积指数,降低了群体透光率,但过量施氮条件下,宁麦9号和矮抗58透光率的下降幅度小于扬麦12和淮麦17。各株型小麦品种群体透光率随累积叶面积指数的增加而递减。籽粒产量为N150(150 kg hm-2)>N225(225 kg hm-2)>N75(75 kg hm-2)。施氮显著提高了小麦品种穗数和收获指数,但对千粒重的影响不显著。穗粒数以高氮处理最高,低氮处理其次。籽粒产量、千粒重、穗数、穗粒数和收获指数在4个株型品种间差异显著,籽粒产量为矮抗58>宁麦9号>扬麦12>淮麦17,穗数和穗粒数是造成籽粒产量差异的主要原因。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:81673250,81520108021,91529305Key discipline fromthe“3-year public health promotion”programof Shanghai Municipal Health Commission。
文摘Background:The long-term trend in cancer death in a rapidly developing country provides information for cancer prophylaxis.Here,we aimed to identify the trends in cancer mortality in China during the 2004-2018 period.Methods:Using raw data from the national mortality surveillance system of China,we assessed the mortalities of all cancer and site-specific cancers during the 2004-2018 period.The participants were divided into three age groups:≥65 years,40-64 years,and≤39 years.Changing trends in cancer death by gender,residency,and tumor location were estimated using fitting joinpoint models to log-transformed crude mortality rates(CMRs)and age-standardizedmortality rates(ASMRs).Results:Cancer death accounted for 24% of all-cause of death in China during 2014-2018.The CMR of all cancer was 150.0 per 100,000 persons.Cancer was the leading cause of death in the population<65 years.The six major cancer types(lung/bronchus cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,esophagus cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreas cancer)accounted for 75.85% of all cancer deaths.The CMR of all cancer increased while the ASMR decreased during 2014-2018(P<0.001).Lung/bronchus cancer and liver cancer were the leading causes of cancer death in the population<65 years,accounting for 45.31%(CMR)and 44.35%(ASMR)of all cancer death,respectively.The ASMR of liver cancer was higher in the 40-64 years population than in the≥65 years population,in contrast to the other five major cancers.The ASMRs of liver cancer,stomach cancer,and esophagus cancer decreased although they were higher in rural residents than in urban residents;the ASMRs of lung/bronchus cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreas cancer increased in rural residents although they were higher in urban residents than in rural residents during 2014-2018.Conclusion:Although the ASMR of all cancer decreased in China during 2004-2018,lung/bronchus cancer and liver cancer remained the leading causes of cancer-related premature death.Lung/bronchus cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreas cancer increase
