为了量化作物群体质量,和准确科学计算光合有效辐射(photosynthetical active radiation,PAR)空间分布,该文利用空间统计学理论和方法,以不同棉花群体为研究对象,研究了不同群体PAR的空间分布特征。结果表明:在棉花生长初期,PAR空间变...为了量化作物群体质量,和准确科学计算光合有效辐射(photosynthetical active radiation,PAR)空间分布,该文利用空间统计学理论和方法,以不同棉花群体为研究对象,研究了不同群体PAR的空间分布特征。结果表明:在棉花生长初期,PAR空间变化具有中度空间相关性,中后期,群体PAR空间变化具有高度空间相关性;在棉花生长初期,透光率呈深"V"字形,向两侧边逐渐减小,到了棉花生长中后期封行后,中上部呈浅"V"形,中下部基本呈线性递减;6个棉花群体生育期平均透射光率呈现二次方程曲线变化趋势,从整个生育期PAR截获率看,PAR截获率随密度增加,群体棉花生物量逐渐增加,但增速减小,而经济学产量到69000万株/hm2时开始下降。该文为标准化生产管理提供依据。展开更多
One of the most important problems of stealth technology is to evaluate the infrared radiation （IR） level received by IR sensors from fighters to be detected. This article presents a synthetic method for calculating...One of the most important problems of stealth technology is to evaluate the infrared radiation （IR） level received by IR sensors from fighters to be detected. This article presents a synthetic method for calculating the IR emitted from aircraftskin. By reck- oning the aerodynamic heating and hot engine casing to be the main heat sources of the exposed aircraft-skin, a numerical model of skin temperature distribution is established through computational fluid dynamics （CFD） technique. Based on it, an infrared signature model for solving the complex geometry and structure of a fighter is proposed with the reverse Monte Carlo （RMC） method. Finally, by way of determining the IR intensity from aircraft-skin, the aircraft components that emit the most IR can be identified; and the cooling effects of the main aircraft components on IR intensity are investigated. It is found that reduction by 10 K in the skin temperature of head, vertical stabilizers and wings could lead to decline of more than 8% of the IR intensity on the aircraft-skin in front view while at the broadside of the aircraft, the drops in IR intensity could attain under 8%. The results provide useful reference in designing stealthy aircraft.展开更多
文摘为了量化作物群体质量,和准确科学计算光合有效辐射(photosynthetical active radiation,PAR)空间分布,该文利用空间统计学理论和方法,以不同棉花群体为研究对象,研究了不同群体PAR的空间分布特征。结果表明:在棉花生长初期,PAR空间变化具有中度空间相关性,中后期,群体PAR空间变化具有高度空间相关性;在棉花生长初期,透光率呈深"V"字形,向两侧边逐渐减小,到了棉花生长中后期封行后,中上部呈浅"V"形,中下部基本呈线性递减;6个棉花群体生育期平均透射光率呈现二次方程曲线变化趋势,从整个生育期PAR截获率看,PAR截获率随密度增加,群体棉花生物量逐渐增加,但增速减小,而经济学产量到69000万株/hm2时开始下降。该文为标准化生产管理提供依据。
文摘One of the most important problems of stealth technology is to evaluate the infrared radiation （IR） level received by IR sensors from fighters to be detected. This article presents a synthetic method for calculating the IR emitted from aircraftskin. By reck- oning the aerodynamic heating and hot engine casing to be the main heat sources of the exposed aircraft-skin, a numerical model of skin temperature distribution is established through computational fluid dynamics （CFD） technique. Based on it, an infrared signature model for solving the complex geometry and structure of a fighter is proposed with the reverse Monte Carlo （RMC） method. Finally, by way of determining the IR intensity from aircraft-skin, the aircraft components that emit the most IR can be identified; and the cooling effects of the main aircraft components on IR intensity are investigated. It is found that reduction by 10 K in the skin temperature of head, vertical stabilizers and wings could lead to decline of more than 8% of the IR intensity on the aircraft-skin in front view while at the broadside of the aircraft, the drops in IR intensity could attain under 8%. The results provide useful reference in designing stealthy aircraft.
