Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)infection is a major public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.Twenty-three percent of patients with CHB progress naturally to liver cirrhosis,which wa...Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)infection is a major public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.Twenty-three percent of patients with CHB progress naturally to liver cirrhosis,which was earlier thought to be irreversible.However,it is now known that cirrhosis can in fact be reversed by treatment with oral anti-nucleotide drugs.Thus,early and accurate diagnosis of cirrhosis is important to allow an appropriate treatment strategy to be chosen and to predict the prognosis of patients with CHB.Liver biopsy is the reference standard for assessment of liver fibrosis.However,the method is invasive,and is associated with pain and complications that can be fatal.In addition,intra-and inter-observer variability compromises the accuracy of liver biopsy data.Only small tissue samples are obtained and fibrosis is heterogeneous in such samples.This confounds the two types of observer variability mentioned above.Such limitations have encouraged development of non-invasive methods for assessment of fibrosis.These include measurements of serum biomarkers of fibrosis;and assessment of liver stiffness via transient elastography,acoustic radiation force impulse imaging,real-time elastography,or magnetic resonance elastography.Although significant advances have been made,most work to date has addressed the diagnostic utility of these techniques in the context of cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis C infection.In the present review,we examine the advantages afforded by use of non-invasive methods to diagnose cirrhosis in patients with CHB infections and the utility of such methods in clinical practice.展开更多
探讨低剂量短波紫外线(ultraviolet-C,UV-C)处理对苹果抗病性的影响及作用机理,为UV-C处理技术应用于苹果抗病提供理论依据。以红富士苹果为试材,以波长为254 nm紫外杀菌灯为辐射源,分别给予0、2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0、12.5 k J/m2剂量照...探讨低剂量短波紫外线(ultraviolet-C,UV-C)处理对苹果抗病性的影响及作用机理,为UV-C处理技术应用于苹果抗病提供理论依据。以红富士苹果为试材,以波长为254 nm紫外杀菌灯为辐射源,分别给予0、2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0、12.5 k J/m2剂量照射,接种青霉菌,确定适宜照射剂量;以适宜照射剂量处理苹果,接种灰霉菌,探讨短波紫外线对灰霉病的抗病性;以适宜照射剂量处理苹果,分别贮藏于20℃和0℃条件下,定期取样,测定果实的总酚含量、丙二醛含量及保护酶活性。试验最佳UV-C照射剂量为7.5 k J/m2,与对照相比差异显著。常温与低温贮藏下,7.5 k J/m2 UV-C处理可有效减少丙二醛的积累,保护细胞膜,增加总酚类物质积累,增强抗病性;处理果实的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性在整个贮藏期内均高于对照,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性明显升高。不论是常温还是低温贮藏,7.5 k J/m2 UV-C处理均能提高苹果的抗病性,有效抑制青霉病和灰霉病的发生及扩展。研究结果为UV-C应用于采后苹果,提高抗病性,从而延长贮藏保鲜期提供理论依据和技术参考。展开更多
Here we review the literature on the effects of molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) on normal human subjects and patients with a variety of diagnoses, such as metabolic, rheumatic, cardiovascular and neurod...Here we review the literature on the effects of molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) on normal human subjects and patients with a variety of diagnoses, such as metabolic, rheumatic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative and other diseases, infections and physical and radiation damage as well as effects on aging and exercise. Although the effects of H<sub>2</sub> have been studied in multiple animal models of human disease, such studies will not be reviewed in depth here. H<sub>2</sub> can be administered as a gas, in saline implants or infusions, as topical solutions or baths or by drinking H<sub>2</sub>-enriched water. This latter method is the easiest and least costly method of administration. There are no safety issues with hydrogen;it has been used for years in gas mixtures for deep diving and in numerous clinical trials without adverse events, and there are no warnings in the literature of its toxicity or long-term exposure effects. Molecular hydrogen has proven useful and convenient as a novel antioxidant and modifier of gene expression in many conditions where oxidative stress and changes in gene expression result in cellular damage.展开更多
Liver damage upon exposure to ionizing radiation(IR),whether accidental or therapeutic,can contribute to liver dysfunction.Currently,radiotherapy(RT)is used for various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC);...Liver damage upon exposure to ionizing radiation(IR),whether accidental or therapeutic,can contribute to liver dysfunction.Currently,radiotherapy(RT)is used for various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC);however,the treatment dose is limited by radiation-induced liver disease(RILD)with a high mortality rate.Furthermore,the precise molecular mechanisms of RILD remain poorly understood.Here,we investigated RILD pathogenesis using various knockout mouse strains subjected to whole-liver irradiation.We found that hepatocytes released a large quantity of double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)after irradiation.The cGAS-STING pathway in non-parenchymal cells(NPCs)was promptly activated by this dsDNA,causing interferon(IFN)-I production and release and concomitant hepatocyte damage.Genetic and pharmacological ablation of the IFN-I signaling pathway protected against RILD.Moreover,clinically irradiated human peri-HCC liver tissues exhibited substantially higher STING and IFNβexpression than non-irradiated tissues.Increased serum IFNβconcentrations post-radiation were associated with RILD development in patients.These results delineate cGAS-STING induced type 1 interferon release in NPCs as a key mediator of IR-induced liver damage and described a mechanism of innate-immunity-driven pathology,linking cGAS-STING activation with amplification of initial radiation-induced liver injury.展开更多
Background and Aims:There are no comparative studies on the efficacy of hepatic resection(HR)and CyberKnife stereotactic body radiation therapy(CK-SBRT)plus transhepatic arterial chemotherapy embolization(TACE)in the ...Background and Aims:There are no comparative studies on the efficacy of hepatic resection(HR)and CyberKnife stereotactic body radiation therapy(CK-SBRT)plus transhepatic arterial chemotherapy embolization(TACE)in the treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the efficacy of HR and CKSBRT+TACE in large HCC.Methods:A total of one hundred and sixteen patients were selected from November 2011 to December 2016.Among them,50 were allocated to the CKSBRT+TACE group and 66 were allocated to the HR group.The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to calculate overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)rates.Propensity score matching was performed to control for baseline differences between the groups.Results:Thirtysix paired patients were selected from the CK-SBRT+TACE and HR groups.After propensity score matching,the 1-,2-and 3-year OS rates were 83.3%,77.8%and 66.7%in the HR group and 80.6%,72.2%and 52.8%in the CKSBRT+TACE group,respectively.The 1-,2-and 3-year PFS rates were 71.6%,57.3%and 42.3%in the HR group and 66.1%,45.8%and 39.3%in the CK-SBRT+TACE group,respectively(OS:p=0.143;PFS:p=0.445).Both a high platelet count and low alpha-fetoprotein value were revealed as influencing factors in improving OS and PFS.Conclusions:CK-SBRT+TACE brought local effects that were similar to those of HR in HCC patients with a large and single lesion.Moreover,the liver injury occurrence rate was acceptable in both groups.展开更多
基金Supported by A grant of the South Korea Healthcare technology R and D projectMinistry of Health and Welfare+1 种基金South KoreaNo.HI10C2020
文摘Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)infection is a major public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.Twenty-three percent of patients with CHB progress naturally to liver cirrhosis,which was earlier thought to be irreversible.However,it is now known that cirrhosis can in fact be reversed by treatment with oral anti-nucleotide drugs.Thus,early and accurate diagnosis of cirrhosis is important to allow an appropriate treatment strategy to be chosen and to predict the prognosis of patients with CHB.Liver biopsy is the reference standard for assessment of liver fibrosis.However,the method is invasive,and is associated with pain and complications that can be fatal.In addition,intra-and inter-observer variability compromises the accuracy of liver biopsy data.Only small tissue samples are obtained and fibrosis is heterogeneous in such samples.This confounds the two types of observer variability mentioned above.Such limitations have encouraged development of non-invasive methods for assessment of fibrosis.These include measurements of serum biomarkers of fibrosis;and assessment of liver stiffness via transient elastography,acoustic radiation force impulse imaging,real-time elastography,or magnetic resonance elastography.Although significant advances have been made,most work to date has addressed the diagnostic utility of these techniques in the context of cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis C infection.In the present review,we examine the advantages afforded by use of non-invasive methods to diagnose cirrhosis in patients with CHB infections and the utility of such methods in clinical practice.
文摘探讨低剂量短波紫外线(ultraviolet-C,UV-C)处理对苹果抗病性的影响及作用机理,为UV-C处理技术应用于苹果抗病提供理论依据。以红富士苹果为试材,以波长为254 nm紫外杀菌灯为辐射源,分别给予0、2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0、12.5 k J/m2剂量照射,接种青霉菌,确定适宜照射剂量;以适宜照射剂量处理苹果,接种灰霉菌,探讨短波紫外线对灰霉病的抗病性;以适宜照射剂量处理苹果,分别贮藏于20℃和0℃条件下,定期取样,测定果实的总酚含量、丙二醛含量及保护酶活性。试验最佳UV-C照射剂量为7.5 k J/m2,与对照相比差异显著。常温与低温贮藏下,7.5 k J/m2 UV-C处理可有效减少丙二醛的积累,保护细胞膜,增加总酚类物质积累,增强抗病性;处理果实的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性在整个贮藏期内均高于对照,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性明显升高。不论是常温还是低温贮藏,7.5 k J/m2 UV-C处理均能提高苹果的抗病性,有效抑制青霉病和灰霉病的发生及扩展。研究结果为UV-C应用于采后苹果,提高抗病性,从而延长贮藏保鲜期提供理论依据和技术参考。
文摘Here we review the literature on the effects of molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) on normal human subjects and patients with a variety of diagnoses, such as metabolic, rheumatic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative and other diseases, infections and physical and radiation damage as well as effects on aging and exercise. Although the effects of H<sub>2</sub> have been studied in multiple animal models of human disease, such studies will not be reviewed in depth here. H<sub>2</sub> can be administered as a gas, in saline implants or infusions, as topical solutions or baths or by drinking H<sub>2</sub>-enriched water. This latter method is the easiest and least costly method of administration. There are no safety issues with hydrogen;it has been used for years in gas mixtures for deep diving and in numerous clinical trials without adverse events, and there are no warnings in the literature of its toxicity or long-term exposure effects. Molecular hydrogen has proven useful and convenient as a novel antioxidant and modifier of gene expression in many conditions where oxidative stress and changes in gene expression result in cellular damage.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81773220 and U1505229).
文摘Liver damage upon exposure to ionizing radiation(IR),whether accidental or therapeutic,can contribute to liver dysfunction.Currently,radiotherapy(RT)is used for various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC);however,the treatment dose is limited by radiation-induced liver disease(RILD)with a high mortality rate.Furthermore,the precise molecular mechanisms of RILD remain poorly understood.Here,we investigated RILD pathogenesis using various knockout mouse strains subjected to whole-liver irradiation.We found that hepatocytes released a large quantity of double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)after irradiation.The cGAS-STING pathway in non-parenchymal cells(NPCs)was promptly activated by this dsDNA,causing interferon(IFN)-I production and release and concomitant hepatocyte damage.Genetic and pharmacological ablation of the IFN-I signaling pathway protected against RILD.Moreover,clinically irradiated human peri-HCC liver tissues exhibited substantially higher STING and IFNβexpression than non-irradiated tissues.Increased serum IFNβconcentrations post-radiation were associated with RILD development in patients.These results delineate cGAS-STING induced type 1 interferon release in NPCs as a key mediator of IR-induced liver damage and described a mechanism of innate-immunity-driven pathology,linking cGAS-STING activation with amplification of initial radiation-induced liver injury.
基金This study protocol was supported by a grant from the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission Fund(Z171100001017181).
文摘Background and Aims:There are no comparative studies on the efficacy of hepatic resection(HR)and CyberKnife stereotactic body radiation therapy(CK-SBRT)plus transhepatic arterial chemotherapy embolization(TACE)in the treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the efficacy of HR and CKSBRT+TACE in large HCC.Methods:A total of one hundred and sixteen patients were selected from November 2011 to December 2016.Among them,50 were allocated to the CKSBRT+TACE group and 66 were allocated to the HR group.The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to calculate overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)rates.Propensity score matching was performed to control for baseline differences between the groups.Results:Thirtysix paired patients were selected from the CK-SBRT+TACE and HR groups.After propensity score matching,the 1-,2-and 3-year OS rates were 83.3%,77.8%and 66.7%in the HR group and 80.6%,72.2%and 52.8%in the CKSBRT+TACE group,respectively.The 1-,2-and 3-year PFS rates were 71.6%,57.3%and 42.3%in the HR group and 66.1%,45.8%and 39.3%in the CK-SBRT+TACE group,respectively(OS:p=0.143;PFS:p=0.445).Both a high platelet count and low alpha-fetoprotein value were revealed as influencing factors in improving OS and PFS.Conclusions:CK-SBRT+TACE brought local effects that were similar to those of HR in HCC patients with a large and single lesion.Moreover,the liver injury occurrence rate was acceptable in both groups.
