Satellite infrared(IR)sounder and imager measurements have become one of the main sources of data used by data assimilation systems to generate initial conditions for numerical weather prediction(NWP)models and atmosp...Satellite infrared(IR)sounder and imager measurements have become one of the main sources of data used by data assimilation systems to generate initial conditions for numerical weather prediction(NWP)models and atmospheric analysis/reanalysis.This paper reviews the development of satellite IR data assimilation in NWP in recent years,especially the assimilation of all-sky satellite IR observations.The major challenges and future directions are outlined and discussed.展开更多
The mid-wave infrared band （3-5 #rn） has been widely used for atmospheric soundings. The sunglint impact on the atmospheric parameter retrieval using this band has been neglected because the reflected radiances in t...The mid-wave infrared band （3-5 #rn） has been widely used for atmospheric soundings. The sunglint impact on the atmospheric parameter retrieval using this band has been neglected because the reflected radiances in this band are significantly less than those in the visible band. In this study, an investigation of sunglint impact on the atmospheric soundings was conducted with Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder ob- servation data from 1 July to 7 July 2007 over the Atlantic Ocean. The impact of sunglint can lead to a brightness temperature increase of 1.0 K for the surface sensitive sounding channels near 4.58 #m. This contamination can indirectly cause a positive bias of 4 g kg-1 in the water vapor retrieval near the ocean surface, and it can be corrected by simply excluding those contaminated channels.展开更多
Direct assimilation of cloud-affected microwave brightness temperatures from AMSU-A into the GSI three-dimensional variational （3D-Var） assimilation system is preliminarily studied in this paper. A combination of cl...Direct assimilation of cloud-affected microwave brightness temperatures from AMSU-A into the GSI three-dimensional variational （3D-Var） assimilation system is preliminarily studied in this paper. A combination of cloud microphysics param- eters retrieved by the 1D-Var algorithm （including vertical profiles of cloud liquid water content, ice water content, and rain water content） and atmospheric state parameters from objective analysis fields of an NWP model are used as background fields. Three cloud microphysics parameters （cloud liquid water content, ice water content, and rain water content） are ap- plied to the control variable. Typhoon Halong （2014） is selected as an example. The results show that direct assimilation of cloud-affected AMSU-A observations can effectively adjust the structure of large-scale temperature, humidity and wind anal- ysis fields due to the assimilation of more AMSU-A observations in typhoon cloudy areas, especially typhoon spiral cloud belts. These adjustments, with temperatures increasing and humidities decreasing in the movement direction of the typhoon, bring the forecasted typhoon moving direction closer to its real path. The assimilation of cloud-affected satellite microwave brightness temperatures can provide better analysis fields that are more similar to the actual situation. Furthermore, typhoon prediction accuracy is improved using these assimilation analysis fields as the initial forecast fields in NWP models.展开更多
The data assimilation technique, known as 3DVAR, of the WRF mesoscale modeling system has been used in order to perform the impact analysis of meteorological data assimilation in the weather forecasts over the Rio Gra...The data assimilation technique, known as 3DVAR, of the WRF mesoscale modeling system has been used in order to perform the impact analysis of meteorological data assimilation in the weather forecasts over the Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil. The consistency of the data assimilation has been analyzed by investigating and evaluating the model forecast results processed with and without data assimilations. Two different procedures of data assimilation have been conducted to perform the study. The forecasts of the accumulated rainfall model variable, spatially plotted over the model integration domains, have been compared and validated against the Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite based data, as well as with the Canguçu city meteorological radar reflectivity data. The comparison has been made considering the total amount of the accumulated rainfall predicted by the model against the automatic weather station data and most of the conducted processing presented compatible results. It has also been observed that, the inclusion of assimilated data enabled an improvement in the intensity as well as in the location of the main convective cell. The radar reflectivity field showed a significant performance in all processed experiments with data assimilation. However, for some regions, more significant obtained results have been shown to be the case in which the spectral radiances were assimilated, as compared with the case in which the spectral radiances were not included. The evaluation of the vertical atmospheric profiles of temperature and dew point temperature showed only a small impact of data assimilation. However, both simulations coherently presented the two vertical profiles, when compared with the observed profiles. In short, the study shows that, although the forecasts presented some inconsistencies in the evaluated results, the 3DVAR assimilation improves significantly the forecasting of the Weather WRF model.展开更多
MetCoOp is a Nordic collaboration on operational Numerical Weather Prediction based on a common limited-area km-scale ensemble system. The initial states are produced using a 3-dimensional variational data assimilatio...MetCoOp is a Nordic collaboration on operational Numerical Weather Prediction based on a common limited-area km-scale ensemble system. The initial states are produced using a 3-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme utilizing a large amount of observations from conventional in-situ measurements, weather radars, global navigation satellite system, advanced scatterometer data and satellite radiances from various satellite platforms. A version of the forecasting system which is aimed for future operations has been prepared for an enhanced assimilation of microwave radiances. This enhanced data assimilation system will use radiances from the Microwave Humidity Sounder, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A and the Micro-Wave Humidity Sounder-2 instruments on-board the Metop-C and Fengyun-3 C/D polar orbiting satellites. The implementation process includes channel selection, set-up of an adaptive bias correction procedure, and careful monitoring of data usage and quality control of observations. The benefit of the additional microwave observations in terms of data coverage and impact on analyses, as derived using the degree of freedom of signal approach, is demonstrated. A positive impact on forecast quality is shown, and the effect on the precipitation for a case study is examined. Finally, the role of enhanced data assimilation techniques and adaptions towards nowcasting are discussed.展开更多
With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skyl...With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.展开更多
基于新疆区域同化预报系统(简称"DOGRAFS"),选取新疆伊犁河谷地区2016年7月31日—8月1日的强降水过程,利用常规观测资料和卫星微波辐射资料进行同化敏感试验,其中控制试验仅同化常规地面和探空资料,敏感试验在常规观测基础上...基于新疆区域同化预报系统(简称"DOGRAFS"),选取新疆伊犁河谷地区2016年7月31日—8月1日的强降水过程,利用常规观测资料和卫星微波辐射资料进行同化敏感试验,其中控制试验仅同化常规地面和探空资料,敏感试验在常规观测基础上分别增加微波温度(AMSU-A)、湿度(MHS)和温、湿度(AMSU-A、MHS)资料,并对2016年7月进行连续试验,以初步探究卫星微波温、湿度资料同化对新疆降水预报的影响。从关键要素增量的垂直和水平分布来看,仅同化AMSU-A资料与同时同化AMSU-A和MHS资料对初始场温度、位势高度和湿度的调整均比较显著,其低层温度和位势高度为正增量,中、高层为负增量,湿度场增量中心集中在800—600 h Pa。而仅同化MHS资料对温度和位势高度的影响较小,对湿度场有所"微调",但可更好地修正补充降水过程中的水汽信息。从降水预报和客观检验结果来看,同化AMSU-A资料总体为负效果;而同化MHS资料对于整个降水落区和大阈值降水的预报均有明显优势。展开更多
基金partially supported by the JPSS PGRR science program(NA15NES4320001)the NOAA Joint Technology Transfer Initiative(NA19OAR4590240)at CIMSS/University of Wisconsin-Madison。
文摘Satellite infrared(IR)sounder and imager measurements have become one of the main sources of data used by data assimilation systems to generate initial conditions for numerical weather prediction(NWP)models and atmospheric analysis/reanalysis.This paper reviews the development of satellite IR data assimilation in NWP in recent years,especially the assimilation of all-sky satellite IR observations.The major challenges and future directions are outlined and discussed.
基金partly supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GOES-R algorithm working group(AWG) and GOES-R Risk Reduction programs (Grant No.NA06NES4400002)
文摘The mid-wave infrared band （3-5 #rn） has been widely used for atmospheric soundings. The sunglint impact on the atmospheric parameter retrieval using this band has been neglected because the reflected radiances in this band are significantly less than those in the visible band. In this study, an investigation of sunglint impact on the atmospheric soundings was conducted with Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder ob- servation data from 1 July to 7 July 2007 over the Atlantic Ocean. The impact of sunglint can lead to a brightness temperature increase of 1.0 K for the surface sensitive sounding channels near 4.58 #m. This contamination can indirectly cause a positive bias of 4 g kg-1 in the water vapor retrieval near the ocean surface, and it can be corrected by simply excluding those contaminated channels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41575029 and 41375106)the Six Talent Peaks project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.2014JY021)
文摘Direct assimilation of cloud-affected microwave brightness temperatures from AMSU-A into the GSI three-dimensional variational （3D-Var） assimilation system is preliminarily studied in this paper. A combination of cloud microphysics param- eters retrieved by the 1D-Var algorithm （including vertical profiles of cloud liquid water content, ice water content, and rain water content） and atmospheric state parameters from objective analysis fields of an NWP model are used as background fields. Three cloud microphysics parameters （cloud liquid water content, ice water content, and rain water content） are ap- plied to the control variable. Typhoon Halong （2014） is selected as an example. The results show that direct assimilation of cloud-affected AMSU-A observations can effectively adjust the structure of large-scale temperature, humidity and wind anal- ysis fields due to the assimilation of more AMSU-A observations in typhoon cloudy areas, especially typhoon spiral cloud belts. These adjustments, with temperatures increasing and humidities decreasing in the movement direction of the typhoon, bring the forecasted typhoon moving direction closer to its real path. The assimilation of cloud-affected satellite microwave brightness temperatures can provide better analysis fields that are more similar to the actual situation. Furthermore, typhoon prediction accuracy is improved using these assimilation analysis fields as the initial forecast fields in NWP models.
文摘The data assimilation technique, known as 3DVAR, of the WRF mesoscale modeling system has been used in order to perform the impact analysis of meteorological data assimilation in the weather forecasts over the Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil. The consistency of the data assimilation has been analyzed by investigating and evaluating the model forecast results processed with and without data assimilations. Two different procedures of data assimilation have been conducted to perform the study. The forecasts of the accumulated rainfall model variable, spatially plotted over the model integration domains, have been compared and validated against the Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite based data, as well as with the Canguçu city meteorological radar reflectivity data. The comparison has been made considering the total amount of the accumulated rainfall predicted by the model against the automatic weather station data and most of the conducted processing presented compatible results. It has also been observed that, the inclusion of assimilated data enabled an improvement in the intensity as well as in the location of the main convective cell. The radar reflectivity field showed a significant performance in all processed experiments with data assimilation. However, for some regions, more significant obtained results have been shown to be the case in which the spectral radiances were assimilated, as compared with the case in which the spectral radiances were not included. The evaluation of the vertical atmospheric profiles of temperature and dew point temperature showed only a small impact of data assimilation. However, both simulations coherently presented the two vertical profiles, when compared with the observed profiles. In short, the study shows that, although the forecasts presented some inconsistencies in the evaluated results, the 3DVAR assimilation improves significantly the forecasting of the Weather WRF model.
文摘MetCoOp is a Nordic collaboration on operational Numerical Weather Prediction based on a common limited-area km-scale ensemble system. The initial states are produced using a 3-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme utilizing a large amount of observations from conventional in-situ measurements, weather radars, global navigation satellite system, advanced scatterometer data and satellite radiances from various satellite platforms. A version of the forecasting system which is aimed for future operations has been prepared for an enhanced assimilation of microwave radiances. This enhanced data assimilation system will use radiances from the Microwave Humidity Sounder, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A and the Micro-Wave Humidity Sounder-2 instruments on-board the Metop-C and Fengyun-3 C/D polar orbiting satellites. The implementation process includes channel selection, set-up of an adaptive bias correction procedure, and careful monitoring of data usage and quality control of observations. The benefit of the additional microwave observations in terms of data coverage and impact on analyses, as derived using the degree of freedom of signal approach, is demonstrated. A positive impact on forecast quality is shown, and the effect on the precipitation for a case study is examined. Finally, the role of enhanced data assimilation techniques and adaptions towards nowcasting are discussed.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China ("863"Program) (No.2006AA06A303 and 2007AA12Z109)the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.kzcxl-yw-06-01).
文摘With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.
文摘基于新疆区域同化预报系统(简称"DOGRAFS"),选取新疆伊犁河谷地区2016年7月31日—8月1日的强降水过程,利用常规观测资料和卫星微波辐射资料进行同化敏感试验,其中控制试验仅同化常规地面和探空资料,敏感试验在常规观测基础上分别增加微波温度(AMSU-A)、湿度(MHS)和温、湿度(AMSU-A、MHS)资料,并对2016年7月进行连续试验,以初步探究卫星微波温、湿度资料同化对新疆降水预报的影响。从关键要素增量的垂直和水平分布来看,仅同化AMSU-A资料与同时同化AMSU-A和MHS资料对初始场温度、位势高度和湿度的调整均比较显著,其低层温度和位势高度为正增量,中、高层为负增量,湿度场增量中心集中在800—600 h Pa。而仅同化MHS资料对温度和位势高度的影响较小,对湿度场有所"微调",但可更好地修正补充降水过程中的水汽信息。从降水预报和客观检验结果来看,同化AMSU-A资料总体为负效果;而同化MHS资料对于整个降水落区和大阈值降水的预报均有明显优势。
