The Theory of General Singularity is presented, unifying quantum field theory, general relativity, and the standard model. This theory posits phonons as fundamental excitations in a quantum vacuum, modeled as a Bose-E...The Theory of General Singularity is presented, unifying quantum field theory, general relativity, and the standard model. This theory posits phonons as fundamental excitations in a quantum vacuum, modeled as a Bose-Einstein condensate. Through key equations, the role of phonons as intermediaries between matter, energy, and spacetime geometry is demonstrated. The theory expands Einsteins field equations to differentiate between visible and dark matter, and revises the standard model by incorporating phonons. It addresses dark matter, dark energy, gravity, and phase transitions, while making testable predictions. The theory proposes that singularities, the essence of particles and black holes, are quantum entities ubiquitous in nature, constituting the very essence of elementary particles, seen as micro black holes or quantum fractal structures of spacetime. As the theory is refined with increasing mathematical rigor, it builds upon the foundation of initial physical intuition, connecting the spacetime continuum of general relativity with the hydrodynamics of the quantum vacuum. Inspired by the insights of Tesla and Majorana, who believed that physical intuition justifies the infringement of mathematical rigor in the early stages of theory development, this work aims to advance the understanding of the fundamental laws of the universe and the perception of reality.展开更多
A complementarity hypothesis concerning outsider and insider perspectives of a gargantuan black hole is proposed. The two thought experiments presented herein are followed by a brief discussion of a new interpretation...A complementarity hypothesis concerning outsider and insider perspectives of a gargantuan black hole is proposed. The two thought experiments presented herein are followed by a brief discussion of a new interpretation of black hole interior “space-and-time-reversal”. Specifically, it is proposed that the “singularity” space of the black hole interior is time-like and the expansion time of the black hole interior is space-like. The resemblance of this new insider interpretation to our own expanding and redshifting big bang universe is compelling.展开更多
We work within a Winterberg framework where space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of a two component superfluid/super-solid made up of a vast assembly (sea) of positive and negative mass Planck particles, called planckion...We work within a Winterberg framework where space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of a two component superfluid/super-solid made up of a vast assembly (sea) of positive and negative mass Planck particles, called planckions. These material particles interact indirectly, and have very strong restoring forces keeping them a finite distance apart from each other within their respective species. Because of their mass compensating effect, the vacuum appears massless, charge-less, without pressure, net energy density or entropy. In addition, we consider two varying G models, where G, is Newton’s constant, and G<sup>-1</sup>, increases with an increase in cosmological time. We argue that there are at least two competing models for the quantum vacuum within such a framework. The first follows a strict extension of Winterberg’s model. This leads to nonsensible results, if G increases, going back in cosmological time, as the length scale inherent in such a model will not scale properly. The second model introduces a different length scale, which does scale properly, but keeps the mass of the Planck particle as, ± the Planck mass. Moreover we establish a connection between ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy, where all three mass densities within the Friedman equation must be interpreted as residual vacuum energies, which only surface, once aggregate matter has formed, at relatively low CMB temperatures. The symmetry of the vacuum will be shown to be broken, because of the different scaling laws, beginning with the formation of elementary particles. Much like waves on an ocean where positive and negative planckion mass densities effectively cancel each other out and form a zero vacuum energy density/zero vacuum pressure surface, these positive mass densities are very small perturbations (anomalies) about the mean. This greatly alleviates, i.e., minimizes the cosmological constant problem, a long standing problem associated with the vacuum.展开更多
In this treatise we stress the analogy between strongly interacting many-body systems and elementary particle physics in the context of Quantum Field Theory (QFT). The common denominator between these two branches of ...In this treatise we stress the analogy between strongly interacting many-body systems and elementary particle physics in the context of Quantum Field Theory (QFT). The common denominator between these two branches of theoretical physics is the Green’s function or propagator, which is the key for solving specific problems. Here we are concentrating on the vacuum, its excitations and its interaction with electron and photon fields.展开更多
We present a new interpretation of the Higgs field as a composite particle made up of a positive, with, a negative mass Planck particle. According to the Winterberg hypothesis, space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of bot...We present a new interpretation of the Higgs field as a composite particle made up of a positive, with, a negative mass Planck particle. According to the Winterberg hypothesis, space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of both positive and negative physical massive particles, which he called planckions, interacting through strong superfluid forces. In our composite model for the Higgs boson, there is an intrinsic length scale associated with the vacuum, different from the one introduced by Winterberg, where, when the vacuum is in a perfectly balanced state, the number density of positive Planck particles equals the number density of negative Planck particles. Due to the mass compensating effect, the vacuum thus appears massless, chargeless, without pressure, energy density, or entropy. However, a situation can arise where there is an effective mass density imbalance due to the two species of Planck particle not matching in terms of populations, within their respective excited energy states. This does not require the physical addition or removal of either positive or negative Planck particles, within a given region of space, as originally thought. Ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy can thus be given a new interpretation as residual vacuum energies within the context of a greater vacuum, where the populations of the positive and negative energy states exactly balance. In the present epoch, it is estimated that the dark energy number density imbalance amounts to, , per cubic meter, when cosmic distance scales in excess of, 100 Mpc, are considered. Compared to a strictly balanced vacuum, where we estimate that the positive, and the negative Planck number density, is of the order, 7.85E54 particles per cubic meter, the above is a very small perturbation. This slight imbalance, we argue, would dramatically alleviate, if not altogether eliminate, the long standing cosmological constant problem.展开更多
Assuming a two-component, positive and negative mass, superfluid/supersolid for space (the Winterberg model), we model the Higgs field as a condensate made up of a positive and a negative mass, planckion pair. The con...Assuming a two-component, positive and negative mass, superfluid/supersolid for space (the Winterberg model), we model the Higgs field as a condensate made up of a positive and a negative mass, planckion pair. The connection is shown to be consistent (compatible) with the underlying field equations for each field, and the continuity equation is satisfied for both species of planckions, as well as for the Higgs field. An inherent length scale for space (the vacuum) emerges, which we estimate from previous work to be of the order of, l<sub>+</sub> (0) = l<sub>-</sub> (0) = 5.032E-19 meters, for an undisturbed (unperturbed) vacuum. Thus we assume a lattice structure for space, made up of overlapping positive and negative mass wave functions, ψ<sub>+</sub>, and, ψ<sub>-</sub>, which together bind to form the Higgs field, giving it its rest mass of 125.35 Gev/c<sup>2</sup> with a coherence length equal to its Compton wavelength. If the vacuum experiences an extreme disturbance, such as in a LHC pp collision, it is conjectured that severe dark energy results, on a localized level, with a partial disintegration of the Higgs force field in the surrounding space. The Higgs boson as a quantum excitation in this field results when the vacuum reestablishes itself, within 10<sup>-22</sup> seconds, with positive and negative planckion mass number densities equalizing in the disturbed region. Using our fundamental equation relating the Higgs field, φ, to the planckion ψ<sub>+</sub> and ψ<sub>-</sub> wave functions, we calculate the overall vacuum pressure (equal to vacuum energy density), as well as typical ψ<sub>+</sub> and ψ<sub>-</sub> displacements from equilibrium within the vacuum.展开更多
Living organisms are high ordered and organized systems accumulating and successively using low entropy energy to support all the processes needed for life. This low level of entropy is a required condition in order t...Living organisms are high ordered and organized systems accumulating and successively using low entropy energy to support all the processes needed for life. This low level of entropy is a required condition in order to make possible the use of endogenous energy for producing, for example, mechanical work. The commonly accepted picture of condensed matter physics, exclusively considering the perturbative coupling between QED Zero-Point-Field also known as “Quantum Vacuum” and the matter system, is unable to thoroughly explain the true origin of this low entropy energy reservoir and its dynamics. Recent researches instead suggested that energy and mass of every particle or body could be actually considered as arising from Quantum Vacuum dynamics which, in turn, can exhibit, under suitable conditions always occurring in the case of living systems, a coherent behavior characterized by a strong phase correlation between matter and an electromagnetic field trapped inside this ensemble. In this paper the preliminary model of Quantum Vacuum already proposed by author is reformulated in terms of QED coherence in condensed matter showing it is able to explain the origin of internal energy stock of living organisms. Within this theoretical framework, an interpretation of some important experimental results about biophotons emission by living systems under the influence of external stimuli is also proposed, suggesting their origin could also arise from Quantum Vacuum dynamics. This model, as shown, opens very interesting and exciting scenarios of further developments in the understanding of the birth and dynamics of life.展开更多
We consider the extension of the Casimir effect to finite temperatures in the ideal case of perfectly reflecting plates. We apply Lifshitz’s theory in its Dzyaloshinskii version, and calculate the resulting force num...We consider the extension of the Casimir effect to finite temperatures in the ideal case of perfectly reflecting plates. We apply Lifshitz’s theory in its Dzyaloshinskii version, and calculate the resulting force numerically for various plate distances. We show that the limiting expression found in the literature corresponds to unrealistic values of the parameters for which the force is too small to be measurable. Preliminary remark: There exists a huge literature on the Casimir effect both theoretical and experimental. In this note we concentrate on a particular point of the subject, quoting only references directly related to this point.展开更多
Based on the theory and observations of glitching pulsars, we show that the ultra-cold supranuclear dense matter inside the cores of massive pulsars should condensate in vacua, as predicated by non-perturbative QCD. T...Based on the theory and observations of glitching pulsars, we show that the ultra-cold supranuclear dense matter inside the cores of massive pulsars should condensate in vacua, as predicated by non-perturbative QCD. The trapped matter here forms false vacuums embedded in flat spacetimes and completely disconnected from the outside world. Although the vacuum expectation value here vanishes, the masses and sizes of these incompressible superfluid cores are set to grow with cosmic times, in accord with the Onsager-Feynman superfluidity analysis. We apply our scenario to several well-studied pulsars, namely the Crab, Vela, PSR J0740+6620 and find that the trapped mass-contents in their cores read {0.15,0.55,0.64}, implying that their true masses are {1.55,2.35,2.72} , respectively. Based thereon, we conclude that: 1) The true masses of massive pulsars and neutron stars are much higher than detected by direct observations and, therefore, are unbounded from above, 2) The remnant of the merger event in GW170817 should be a massive NS harbouring a core with 1.66 .展开更多
Gravitational forces are explained as a result of energy exchange between baryonic matter having the property of mass and the Quantum Vacuum. The derivations are starting with a hypothesis that baryonic matter, partic...Gravitational forces are explained as a result of energy exchange between baryonic matter having the property of mass and the Quantum Vacuum. The derivations are starting with a hypothesis that baryonic matter, particles, atoms and molecules exchange energy with the Quantum Vacuum with zero balance. It is assumed that in absence of an external gravitation field the emission pattern is isotropic. There is no recoil force of radiation. The application of an external gravitation field induces an anisotropy which results in a recoil force of radiation. An ellipsoidal radiation pattern is applied. The eccentricity of the ellipsoid is defined using the maximum possible value of any gravitation field estimated to have the value about 5 × 1012 [m/s2]. A formula is derived for calculating the power of the isotropic radiation. It was shown that two masses attract due to the fact that gravitation field lowers the energy density of the Quantum Vacuum. Using the results of measurements of a binary neutron star by Taylor and Hulse (Nobel Prize in Physics 1993) it was shown that possibly gravitational waves carry negative energy.展开更多
A new approach of the matter waves concept initiated by Louis de Broglie leads to a new model – the vacuum matter waves. By using the physics of time dilation, one can calculate a gravitational cutoff frequency, with...A new approach of the matter waves concept initiated by Louis de Broglie leads to a new model – the vacuum matter waves. By using the physics of time dilation, one can calculate a gravitational cutoff frequency, with respect to the spectrum of vacuum fluctuations, which is the upper bound of the frequency range of this new model. We described the properties of these new waves and outlined the connection between them and the dimensions at Planck length level. The calculation of velocity in circular orbits by using this new concept complies with the well-known equation. One of its consequences is that the structure of the physical vacuum is modified on the radial direction with the gravity source, but not modified on its tangential direction. This study places the space-time structure from sub-quantum level into a new light and makes the connection between this level and that of the planetary systems.展开更多
Showing the origin of the mass in an additional coupling between field quantum oscillators, we formulate a hypothesis of a geometrical structure of the oscillators of “fields-particles”. In this way, we define the p...Showing the origin of the mass in an additional coupling between field quantum oscillators, we formulate a hypothesis of a geometrical structure of the oscillators of “fields-particles”. In this way, we define the possible structure of quarks and hadrons (as the proton). This hypothesis is reasonable if one admits field oscillators composed by sub-oscillators at semi-quantum (IQuO) and in which a degree of internal freedom is definable. Using the IQuO model, we find the origin of the sign of electric charge in to particles and, in quarks, the isospin, the strangeness and colour charge. Finally, we formulate the structure of the gluons and the variation modality of the colour charge in quarks.展开更多
Following a brief review of the “black hole dark energy radiation” and “gravitized vacuum” references, a novel theory of how gravity might affect the quantum vacuum is proposed. This overarching theory proposes th...Following a brief review of the “black hole dark energy radiation” and “gravitized vacuum” references, a novel theory of how gravity might affect the quantum vacuum is proposed. This overarching theory proposes that the gravitational field of a sufficiently concentrated collection of matter and/or energy upregulates the virtual particle activity of the adjacent quantum vacuum, thus its energy density and lensing capacity. In contrast to general relativity, the particle and wave duality of quantum physics is necessary for understanding quantum vacuum gravitational effects. Very recent supporting and pending observational studies are discussed, including the ingenious and extremely sensitive vacuum scale to be deployed for the Archimedes Experiment. Support or falsification of this proposal may be imminent.展开更多
Assuming a Winterberg model for space where the vacuum consists of a very stiff two-component superfluid made up of positive and negative mass planckions, Q theory is the hypothesis, that Planck charge, <i>q<...Assuming a Winterberg model for space where the vacuum consists of a very stiff two-component superfluid made up of positive and negative mass planckions, Q theory is the hypothesis, that Planck charge, <i>q<sub>pl</sub></i>, was created at the same time as Planck mass. Moreover, the repulsive force that like-mass planckions experience is, in reality, due to the electrostatic force of repulsion between like charges. These forces also give rise to what appears to be a gravitational force of attraction between two like planckions, but this is an illusion. In reality, gravity is electrostatic in origin if our model is correct. We determine the spring constant associated with planckion masses, and find that, <img src="Edit_770c2a48-039c-4cc9-8f66-406c0cfc565c.png" width="90" height="15" alt="" />, where <i>ζ</i>(3) equals Apery’s constant, 1.202 …, and, <i>n</i><sub>+</sub>(0)=<i>n</i>_(0), is the relaxed, <i>i.e.</i>, <img src="Edit_813d5a6f-b79a-49ba-bdf7-5042541b58a0.png" width="25" height="12" alt="" />, number density of the positive and negative mass planckions. In the present epoch, we estimate that, <i>n</i><sub>+</sub>(0) equals, 7.848E54 m<sup>-3</sup>, and the relaxed distance of separation between nearest neighbor positive, or negative, planckion pairs is, <i>l</i><sub>+</sub>(0)=<i>l</i><sub>_</sub>(0)=5.032E-19 meters. These values were determined using box quantization for the positive and negative mass planckions, and considering transitions between energy states, much like as in the hydrogen atom. For the cosmos as a whole, given a net smeared macroscopic gravitational field of, <img src="Edit_efc8003d-5297-4345-adac-4ac95536934d.png" width="80" height="15" alt="" />, due to all the ordinary, and bound, matter contained within the observable universe, an average displacement from equilibrium for the planckion masses is a mere 7.566E-48 meters, within the vacuum made up of these particles. On the surface of the earth, where, <i>g</i>=9.81m/s<sup>2</sup>, the displacement amounts to, 7.824E-38 met展开更多
We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. It corresponds to the electroma...We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. It corresponds to the electromagnetic field ground state at zero frequency, a zero-energy cosmic field permeating all of space and it is composed of real states, called kenons (κενο = vacuum). Photons are local oscillations of kenons guided by a non-local vector potential wave function with quantized amplitude. They propagate at the speed imposed by the vacuum electric permittivity ε<sub>0</sub> and magnetic permeability μ<sub>0</sub>, which are intrinsic properties of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. The electron-positron elementary charge derives naturally from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and is related to the photon vector potential. We establish the masse-charge equivalence relation showing that the masses of all particles (leptons, mesons, baryons) and antiparticles are states of the elementary charges and their magnetic moments. The equivalence between Newton’s gravitational law and Coulomb’s electrostatic law results naturally. In addition, we show that the gravitational constant G is expressed explicitly through the electromagnetic quantum vacuum constants putting in evidence the electromagnetic nature of gravity. We draw that G is the same for matter and antimatter but gravitational forces should be repulsive between particles and antiparticles because their masses bear naturally opposite signs. The electromagnetic quantum vacuum appears to be the natural link between quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology and constitutes a basic step towards a unified field theory. Dark Energy and Dark Matter might originate from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum fluctuations. The calculated electromagnetic vacuum energy density, related to the cosmological constant considered responsible for the cosmic acceleration, is in good agreement with the astrophysical observations. The cosmic a展开更多
文摘The Theory of General Singularity is presented, unifying quantum field theory, general relativity, and the standard model. This theory posits phonons as fundamental excitations in a quantum vacuum, modeled as a Bose-Einstein condensate. Through key equations, the role of phonons as intermediaries between matter, energy, and spacetime geometry is demonstrated. The theory expands Einsteins field equations to differentiate between visible and dark matter, and revises the standard model by incorporating phonons. It addresses dark matter, dark energy, gravity, and phase transitions, while making testable predictions. The theory proposes that singularities, the essence of particles and black holes, are quantum entities ubiquitous in nature, constituting the very essence of elementary particles, seen as micro black holes or quantum fractal structures of spacetime. As the theory is refined with increasing mathematical rigor, it builds upon the foundation of initial physical intuition, connecting the spacetime continuum of general relativity with the hydrodynamics of the quantum vacuum. Inspired by the insights of Tesla and Majorana, who believed that physical intuition justifies the infringement of mathematical rigor in the early stages of theory development, this work aims to advance the understanding of the fundamental laws of the universe and the perception of reality.
文摘A complementarity hypothesis concerning outsider and insider perspectives of a gargantuan black hole is proposed. The two thought experiments presented herein are followed by a brief discussion of a new interpretation of black hole interior “space-and-time-reversal”. Specifically, it is proposed that the “singularity” space of the black hole interior is time-like and the expansion time of the black hole interior is space-like. The resemblance of this new insider interpretation to our own expanding and redshifting big bang universe is compelling.
文摘We work within a Winterberg framework where space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of a two component superfluid/super-solid made up of a vast assembly (sea) of positive and negative mass Planck particles, called planckions. These material particles interact indirectly, and have very strong restoring forces keeping them a finite distance apart from each other within their respective species. Because of their mass compensating effect, the vacuum appears massless, charge-less, without pressure, net energy density or entropy. In addition, we consider two varying G models, where G, is Newton’s constant, and G<sup>-1</sup>, increases with an increase in cosmological time. We argue that there are at least two competing models for the quantum vacuum within such a framework. The first follows a strict extension of Winterberg’s model. This leads to nonsensible results, if G increases, going back in cosmological time, as the length scale inherent in such a model will not scale properly. The second model introduces a different length scale, which does scale properly, but keeps the mass of the Planck particle as, ± the Planck mass. Moreover we establish a connection between ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy, where all three mass densities within the Friedman equation must be interpreted as residual vacuum energies, which only surface, once aggregate matter has formed, at relatively low CMB temperatures. The symmetry of the vacuum will be shown to be broken, because of the different scaling laws, beginning with the formation of elementary particles. Much like waves on an ocean where positive and negative planckion mass densities effectively cancel each other out and form a zero vacuum energy density/zero vacuum pressure surface, these positive mass densities are very small perturbations (anomalies) about the mean. This greatly alleviates, i.e., minimizes the cosmological constant problem, a long standing problem associated with the vacuum.
文摘In this treatise we stress the analogy between strongly interacting many-body systems and elementary particle physics in the context of Quantum Field Theory (QFT). The common denominator between these two branches of theoretical physics is the Green’s function or propagator, which is the key for solving specific problems. Here we are concentrating on the vacuum, its excitations and its interaction with electron and photon fields.
文摘We present a new interpretation of the Higgs field as a composite particle made up of a positive, with, a negative mass Planck particle. According to the Winterberg hypothesis, space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of both positive and negative physical massive particles, which he called planckions, interacting through strong superfluid forces. In our composite model for the Higgs boson, there is an intrinsic length scale associated with the vacuum, different from the one introduced by Winterberg, where, when the vacuum is in a perfectly balanced state, the number density of positive Planck particles equals the number density of negative Planck particles. Due to the mass compensating effect, the vacuum thus appears massless, chargeless, without pressure, energy density, or entropy. However, a situation can arise where there is an effective mass density imbalance due to the two species of Planck particle not matching in terms of populations, within their respective excited energy states. This does not require the physical addition or removal of either positive or negative Planck particles, within a given region of space, as originally thought. Ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy can thus be given a new interpretation as residual vacuum energies within the context of a greater vacuum, where the populations of the positive and negative energy states exactly balance. In the present epoch, it is estimated that the dark energy number density imbalance amounts to, , per cubic meter, when cosmic distance scales in excess of, 100 Mpc, are considered. Compared to a strictly balanced vacuum, where we estimate that the positive, and the negative Planck number density, is of the order, 7.85E54 particles per cubic meter, the above is a very small perturbation. This slight imbalance, we argue, would dramatically alleviate, if not altogether eliminate, the long standing cosmological constant problem.
文摘Assuming a two-component, positive and negative mass, superfluid/supersolid for space (the Winterberg model), we model the Higgs field as a condensate made up of a positive and a negative mass, planckion pair. The connection is shown to be consistent (compatible) with the underlying field equations for each field, and the continuity equation is satisfied for both species of planckions, as well as for the Higgs field. An inherent length scale for space (the vacuum) emerges, which we estimate from previous work to be of the order of, l<sub>+</sub> (0) = l<sub>-</sub> (0) = 5.032E-19 meters, for an undisturbed (unperturbed) vacuum. Thus we assume a lattice structure for space, made up of overlapping positive and negative mass wave functions, ψ<sub>+</sub>, and, ψ<sub>-</sub>, which together bind to form the Higgs field, giving it its rest mass of 125.35 Gev/c<sup>2</sup> with a coherence length equal to its Compton wavelength. If the vacuum experiences an extreme disturbance, such as in a LHC pp collision, it is conjectured that severe dark energy results, on a localized level, with a partial disintegration of the Higgs force field in the surrounding space. The Higgs boson as a quantum excitation in this field results when the vacuum reestablishes itself, within 10<sup>-22</sup> seconds, with positive and negative planckion mass number densities equalizing in the disturbed region. Using our fundamental equation relating the Higgs field, φ, to the planckion ψ<sub>+</sub> and ψ<sub>-</sub> wave functions, we calculate the overall vacuum pressure (equal to vacuum energy density), as well as typical ψ<sub>+</sub> and ψ<sub>-</sub> displacements from equilibrium within the vacuum.
文摘Living organisms are high ordered and organized systems accumulating and successively using low entropy energy to support all the processes needed for life. This low level of entropy is a required condition in order to make possible the use of endogenous energy for producing, for example, mechanical work. The commonly accepted picture of condensed matter physics, exclusively considering the perturbative coupling between QED Zero-Point-Field also known as “Quantum Vacuum” and the matter system, is unable to thoroughly explain the true origin of this low entropy energy reservoir and its dynamics. Recent researches instead suggested that energy and mass of every particle or body could be actually considered as arising from Quantum Vacuum dynamics which, in turn, can exhibit, under suitable conditions always occurring in the case of living systems, a coherent behavior characterized by a strong phase correlation between matter and an electromagnetic field trapped inside this ensemble. In this paper the preliminary model of Quantum Vacuum already proposed by author is reformulated in terms of QED coherence in condensed matter showing it is able to explain the origin of internal energy stock of living organisms. Within this theoretical framework, an interpretation of some important experimental results about biophotons emission by living systems under the influence of external stimuli is also proposed, suggesting their origin could also arise from Quantum Vacuum dynamics. This model, as shown, opens very interesting and exciting scenarios of further developments in the understanding of the birth and dynamics of life.
文摘We consider the extension of the Casimir effect to finite temperatures in the ideal case of perfectly reflecting plates. We apply Lifshitz’s theory in its Dzyaloshinskii version, and calculate the resulting force numerically for various plate distances. We show that the limiting expression found in the literature corresponds to unrealistic values of the parameters for which the force is too small to be measurable. Preliminary remark: There exists a huge literature on the Casimir effect both theoretical and experimental. In this note we concentrate on a particular point of the subject, quoting only references directly related to this point.
文摘Based on the theory and observations of glitching pulsars, we show that the ultra-cold supranuclear dense matter inside the cores of massive pulsars should condensate in vacua, as predicated by non-perturbative QCD. The trapped matter here forms false vacuums embedded in flat spacetimes and completely disconnected from the outside world. Although the vacuum expectation value here vanishes, the masses and sizes of these incompressible superfluid cores are set to grow with cosmic times, in accord with the Onsager-Feynman superfluidity analysis. We apply our scenario to several well-studied pulsars, namely the Crab, Vela, PSR J0740+6620 and find that the trapped mass-contents in their cores read {0.15,0.55,0.64}, implying that their true masses are {1.55,2.35,2.72} , respectively. Based thereon, we conclude that: 1) The true masses of massive pulsars and neutron stars are much higher than detected by direct observations and, therefore, are unbounded from above, 2) The remnant of the merger event in GW170817 should be a massive NS harbouring a core with 1.66 .
文摘Gravitational forces are explained as a result of energy exchange between baryonic matter having the property of mass and the Quantum Vacuum. The derivations are starting with a hypothesis that baryonic matter, particles, atoms and molecules exchange energy with the Quantum Vacuum with zero balance. It is assumed that in absence of an external gravitation field the emission pattern is isotropic. There is no recoil force of radiation. The application of an external gravitation field induces an anisotropy which results in a recoil force of radiation. An ellipsoidal radiation pattern is applied. The eccentricity of the ellipsoid is defined using the maximum possible value of any gravitation field estimated to have the value about 5 × 1012 [m/s2]. A formula is derived for calculating the power of the isotropic radiation. It was shown that two masses attract due to the fact that gravitation field lowers the energy density of the Quantum Vacuum. Using the results of measurements of a binary neutron star by Taylor and Hulse (Nobel Prize in Physics 1993) it was shown that possibly gravitational waves carry negative energy.
文摘A new approach of the matter waves concept initiated by Louis de Broglie leads to a new model – the vacuum matter waves. By using the physics of time dilation, one can calculate a gravitational cutoff frequency, with respect to the spectrum of vacuum fluctuations, which is the upper bound of the frequency range of this new model. We described the properties of these new waves and outlined the connection between them and the dimensions at Planck length level. The calculation of velocity in circular orbits by using this new concept complies with the well-known equation. One of its consequences is that the structure of the physical vacuum is modified on the radial direction with the gravity source, but not modified on its tangential direction. This study places the space-time structure from sub-quantum level into a new light and makes the connection between this level and that of the planetary systems.
文摘Showing the origin of the mass in an additional coupling between field quantum oscillators, we formulate a hypothesis of a geometrical structure of the oscillators of “fields-particles”. In this way, we define the possible structure of quarks and hadrons (as the proton). This hypothesis is reasonable if one admits field oscillators composed by sub-oscillators at semi-quantum (IQuO) and in which a degree of internal freedom is definable. Using the IQuO model, we find the origin of the sign of electric charge in to particles and, in quarks, the isospin, the strangeness and colour charge. Finally, we formulate the structure of the gluons and the variation modality of the colour charge in quarks.
文摘Following a brief review of the “black hole dark energy radiation” and “gravitized vacuum” references, a novel theory of how gravity might affect the quantum vacuum is proposed. This overarching theory proposes that the gravitational field of a sufficiently concentrated collection of matter and/or energy upregulates the virtual particle activity of the adjacent quantum vacuum, thus its energy density and lensing capacity. In contrast to general relativity, the particle and wave duality of quantum physics is necessary for understanding quantum vacuum gravitational effects. Very recent supporting and pending observational studies are discussed, including the ingenious and extremely sensitive vacuum scale to be deployed for the Archimedes Experiment. Support or falsification of this proposal may be imminent.
文摘Assuming a Winterberg model for space where the vacuum consists of a very stiff two-component superfluid made up of positive and negative mass planckions, Q theory is the hypothesis, that Planck charge, <i>q<sub>pl</sub></i>, was created at the same time as Planck mass. Moreover, the repulsive force that like-mass planckions experience is, in reality, due to the electrostatic force of repulsion between like charges. These forces also give rise to what appears to be a gravitational force of attraction between two like planckions, but this is an illusion. In reality, gravity is electrostatic in origin if our model is correct. We determine the spring constant associated with planckion masses, and find that, <img src="Edit_770c2a48-039c-4cc9-8f66-406c0cfc565c.png" width="90" height="15" alt="" />, where <i>ζ</i>(3) equals Apery’s constant, 1.202 …, and, <i>n</i><sub>+</sub>(0)=<i>n</i>_(0), is the relaxed, <i>i.e.</i>, <img src="Edit_813d5a6f-b79a-49ba-bdf7-5042541b58a0.png" width="25" height="12" alt="" />, number density of the positive and negative mass planckions. In the present epoch, we estimate that, <i>n</i><sub>+</sub>(0) equals, 7.848E54 m<sup>-3</sup>, and the relaxed distance of separation between nearest neighbor positive, or negative, planckion pairs is, <i>l</i><sub>+</sub>(0)=<i>l</i><sub>_</sub>(0)=5.032E-19 meters. These values were determined using box quantization for the positive and negative mass planckions, and considering transitions between energy states, much like as in the hydrogen atom. For the cosmos as a whole, given a net smeared macroscopic gravitational field of, <img src="Edit_efc8003d-5297-4345-adac-4ac95536934d.png" width="80" height="15" alt="" />, due to all the ordinary, and bound, matter contained within the observable universe, an average displacement from equilibrium for the planckion masses is a mere 7.566E-48 meters, within the vacuum made up of these particles. On the surface of the earth, where, <i>g</i>=9.81m/s<sup>2</sup>, the displacement amounts to, 7.824E-38 met
文摘We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. It corresponds to the electromagnetic field ground state at zero frequency, a zero-energy cosmic field permeating all of space and it is composed of real states, called kenons (κενο = vacuum). Photons are local oscillations of kenons guided by a non-local vector potential wave function with quantized amplitude. They propagate at the speed imposed by the vacuum electric permittivity ε<sub>0</sub> and magnetic permeability μ<sub>0</sub>, which are intrinsic properties of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. The electron-positron elementary charge derives naturally from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and is related to the photon vector potential. We establish the masse-charge equivalence relation showing that the masses of all particles (leptons, mesons, baryons) and antiparticles are states of the elementary charges and their magnetic moments. The equivalence between Newton’s gravitational law and Coulomb’s electrostatic law results naturally. In addition, we show that the gravitational constant G is expressed explicitly through the electromagnetic quantum vacuum constants putting in evidence the electromagnetic nature of gravity. We draw that G is the same for matter and antimatter but gravitational forces should be repulsive between particles and antiparticles because their masses bear naturally opposite signs. The electromagnetic quantum vacuum appears to be the natural link between quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology and constitutes a basic step towards a unified field theory. Dark Energy and Dark Matter might originate from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum fluctuations. The calculated electromagnetic vacuum energy density, related to the cosmological constant considered responsible for the cosmic acceleration, is in good agreement with the astrophysical observations. The cosmic a
