A.Einstein对量子力学(QM)的反对态度从1926年开始显露,1935年与B.Podolsky、N.Rosen联合发表论文时达到顶点,而EPR论文后来是从反面促进了科学的发展。该文以狭义相对论(SR)为思想基础,而SR和EPR都否定超光速的可能性。但QM允许超光速...A.Einstein对量子力学(QM)的反对态度从1926年开始显露,1935年与B.Podolsky、N.Rosen联合发表论文时达到顶点,而EPR论文后来是从反面促进了科学的发展。该文以狭义相对论(SR)为思想基础,而SR和EPR都否定超光速的可能性。但QM允许超光速存在,并与研究超光速的前提即QM非局域性一致。1985年John Bell说,Bell不等式是分析EPR推论的产物,该推论说在EPR文章条件下不应存在超距作用;但那些条件导致QM预示的奇特相关性。Aspect实验的结果是在预料之中的,因为QM从未错过,现在知道即使在苛刻的条件下它也不会错;可以肯定实验证明了Einstein的观念站不住脚。Bell认为在进退两难的处境下可以回到Lorentz和Poincarè,他们的以太是一种特惠参考系,在其中事物可以比光快。Bell指出正是EPR给出了超光速的预期。……1992年以来有多个超光速实验成功的报道,有的以量子隧穿为基础,有的利用经典物理现象(如消失波、反常色散)。而在2008年,D.Salart等用处于纠缠态的相距18km的2个光子完成的实验证明其相互作用的速度比光速大一万倍以上,为104c～107c;可以说此实验对有关EPR的长期争论作了结论。过去25年来,量子超光速性是笔者的主要研究课题之一。1985年我们提出了量子势垒的等效电路模型;1991年我们最早指出截止波导中消失波模有负相速(vp<0)和负群速(vg<0)现象,笔者的专著《截止波导理论导论》获全国优秀科技著作奖。2003年我们用同轴光子晶体进行实验并观测到阻带中的超光速群速,为(1.5～2.4)c。2005年我们提出广义信息速度(General Information Velocity,GIV)和在2010年提出量子超光速性(Quantum Super-luminality,QS)两个概念,并建议改造现有的高能粒子加速器以寻找和发现超光速奇异电子。本文则较深刻地讨论了QS的若干问题,涉及微观粒子的速度定义、EPR思维与超光速研究的关系、量子纠缠态�展开更多
With the slow progress of universal quantum computers,studies on the feasibility of optimization by a dedicated and quantum-annealing-based annealer are important.The quantum principle is expected to utilize the quant...With the slow progress of universal quantum computers,studies on the feasibility of optimization by a dedicated and quantum-annealing-based annealer are important.The quantum principle is expected to utilize the quantum tunneling effects to find the optimal solutions for the exponential-level problems while classical annealing may be affected by the initializations.This study constructs a new Quantum-Inspired Annealing(QIA)framework to explore the potentials of quantum annealing for solving Ising model with comparisons to the classical one.Through various configurations of the 1 D Ising model,the new framework can achieve ground state,corresponding to the optimum of classical problems,with higher probability up to 28%versus classical counterpart(22%in case).This condition not only reveals the potential of quantum annealing for solving the Ising-like Hamiltonian,but also contributes to an improved understanding and use of the quantum annealer for various applications in the future.展开更多
We investigate the nonlinear dissipative coherence bifurcation and population dynamics of a two-component atomic Bose-Einstein condensate coupling with a continuum. The coupling between the two-component condensates a...We investigate the nonlinear dissipative coherence bifurcation and population dynamics of a two-component atomic Bose-Einstein condensate coupling with a continuum. The coupling between the two-component condensates and the continuum brings effective dissipations to the two-component condensates. The steady states and the coherence bifurcation depend on both dissipation and the nonlinear interaction between condensed atoms. The coherence among condensed atoms may be even enhanced by the effective dissipations. The combination of dissipation and nonlinearity allows one to control the switching between different self-trapped states or the switching between a self-trapped state and a non-self-trapped state.展开更多
We review our theoretical advances in quantum tunneling of BoseEinstein condensates in optical traps and in microcavities. By employing a real physical system, the frequencies of the pseudo Goldstone modes in differen...We review our theoretical advances in quantum tunneling of BoseEinstein condensates in optical traps and in microcavities. By employing a real physical system, the frequencies of the pseudo Goldstone modes in different phases between two optical traps are studied respectivdy, which are tile crucial feature of the non-Abelian Joseptmon effect. When the optical lattices are under gravity, we investigate the quantum tummling in the ＂Wannier-Stark localization＂ regime and ＂Lan（lau Zener tunneling＂ regime. We finally get the total decay rate and the rate is valid over the entire range of temperatures. At high temperatures, we show how the decay rate reduces to the appropriate results for the classical thermal activation. At hltermediate temperatures, the results of tile total decay rate are consistent with the thermally assisted tunneling. At low temperatures, we obtain the pure quantmn tunneling ultimately. And we study the alternating-current and direct-current （ac and de） photonic 3osephson effects in two weakly linked microcavities containing ultracold two-level atones, which allows for direct observation of the effects. This enables new investigations of the effect of maw-body physics in strongly coupled atom-cavity systems and provides a strategy for constructing novel interference devices of coherent photons. In addition, we propose the experimental protocols to observe these quantmn tunneling of Bose- Einstein condensates.展开更多
Theories of Mott and Weertmann pertaining to quantum mechanical tunneling of dislocations from Peierls barrier in cubic crystals are revisited. Their mathematical calculations about logarithmic creep rate and lattice ...Theories of Mott and Weertmann pertaining to quantum mechanical tunneling of dislocations from Peierls barrier in cubic crystals are revisited. Their mathematical calculations about logarithmic creep rate and lattice vibrations as a manifestation of Debye temperature for quantized thermal energy are found correct but they can not ascertain to choose the mass of phonon or “quanta” of lattice vibrations. The quantum mechanical yielding in metals at relatively low temperatures, where Debye temperatures operate, is resolved and the mathematical formulas are presented. The crystal plasticity is studied with stress relaxation curves instead of logarithmic creep rate. With creep rate formulas of Mott and Weertmann, a new formula based on logarithmic profile of stress relaxation curves is proposed which suggests simultaneous quantization of dislocations with their stress, i.e., and depinning of dislocations, i.e., , where is quantum action, σ is the stress, N is the number of dislocations, A is the area and t is the time. The two different interpretations of “quantum length of Peierls barrier”, one based on curvature of space, i.e., yields quantization of Burgers vector and the other based on the curvature of time, i.e., yields depinning of dislocations from Peierls barrier in cubic crystals, are presented. , i.e., the unitary operator on shear modulus yields the variations in the curvature of time due to which simultaneous quantization, and depinning of dislocations occur from Peierls barrier in cubic crystals.展开更多
In this work, a mechanism of macroscopic quantum tunneling is studied, which shows this sort of phenomena may exist even in the bio-field system. The relevant Davydov solitons fields and the Feynman digraph have been ...In this work, a mechanism of macroscopic quantum tunneling is studied, which shows this sort of phenomena may exist even in the bio-field system. The relevant Davydov solitons fields and the Feynman digraph have been constructed based on the nonlinear Green function theory, which allows one to get a synchronous resonance model to explain the macroscopic quantum tunneling, such as in double potential wells system. Furthermore, the functional of quantum information density can also be applied to drive the object into a type of soliton structure of quantum information density, which allows the system to possess property of the macroscopic quantum tunneling.展开更多
文摘A.Einstein对量子力学(QM)的反对态度从1926年开始显露,1935年与B.Podolsky、N.Rosen联合发表论文时达到顶点,而EPR论文后来是从反面促进了科学的发展。该文以狭义相对论(SR)为思想基础,而SR和EPR都否定超光速的可能性。但QM允许超光速存在,并与研究超光速的前提即QM非局域性一致。1985年John Bell说,Bell不等式是分析EPR推论的产物,该推论说在EPR文章条件下不应存在超距作用;但那些条件导致QM预示的奇特相关性。Aspect实验的结果是在预料之中的,因为QM从未错过,现在知道即使在苛刻的条件下它也不会错;可以肯定实验证明了Einstein的观念站不住脚。Bell认为在进退两难的处境下可以回到Lorentz和Poincarè,他们的以太是一种特惠参考系,在其中事物可以比光快。Bell指出正是EPR给出了超光速的预期。……1992年以来有多个超光速实验成功的报道,有的以量子隧穿为基础,有的利用经典物理现象(如消失波、反常色散)。而在2008年,D.Salart等用处于纠缠态的相距18km的2个光子完成的实验证明其相互作用的速度比光速大一万倍以上,为104c～107c;可以说此实验对有关EPR的长期争论作了结论。过去25年来,量子超光速性是笔者的主要研究课题之一。1985年我们提出了量子势垒的等效电路模型;1991年我们最早指出截止波导中消失波模有负相速(vp<0)和负群速(vg<0)现象,笔者的专著《截止波导理论导论》获全国优秀科技著作奖。2003年我们用同轴光子晶体进行实验并观测到阻带中的超光速群速,为(1.5～2.4)c。2005年我们提出广义信息速度(General Information Velocity,GIV)和在2010年提出量子超光速性(Quantum Super-luminality,QS)两个概念,并建议改造现有的高能粒子加速器以寻找和发现超光速奇异电子。本文则较深刻地讨论了QS的若干问题,涉及微观粒子的速度定义、EPR思维与超光速研究的关系、量子纠缠态�
基金supported by the Special Zone Project of National Defense Innovation,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61572304 and 61272096)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61332019)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Cryptology.
文摘With the slow progress of universal quantum computers,studies on the feasibility of optimization by a dedicated and quantum-annealing-based annealer are important.The quantum principle is expected to utilize the quantum tunneling effects to find the optimal solutions for the exponential-level problems while classical annealing may be affected by the initializations.This study constructs a new Quantum-Inspired Annealing(QIA)framework to explore the potentials of quantum annealing for solving Ising model with comparisons to the classical one.Through various configurations of the 1 D Ising model,the new framework can achieve ground state,corresponding to the optimum of classical problems,with higher probability up to 28%versus classical counterpart(22%in case).This condition not only reveals the potential of quantum annealing for solving the Ising-like Hamiltonian,but also contributes to an improved understanding and use of the quantum annealer for various applications in the future.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2012CB821305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11075223,11147021,10905019,and 11175064)+3 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No.IRT0964)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China (Grant No.12JJ4010)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No.NCET-10-0850)the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.20120171110022)
文摘We investigate the nonlinear dissipative coherence bifurcation and population dynamics of a two-component atomic Bose-Einstein condensate coupling with a continuum. The coupling between the two-component condensates and the continuum brings effective dissipations to the two-component condensates. The steady states and the coherence bifurcation depend on both dissipation and the nonlinear interaction between condensed atoms. The coherence among condensed atoms may be even enhanced by the effective dissipations. The combination of dissipation and nonlinearity allows one to control the switching between different self-trapped states or the switching between a self-trapped state and a non-self-trapped state.
基金This work was supported by the Nat- ional Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 2011CB921502, 2012CB821305, 2009CB930701, and 2010CB922904）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 10934010, 11228409, and 61227902）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China-The Research Grants Council （Grant Nos. 11061160490 and 1386-N-HKU748/10）.
文摘We review our theoretical advances in quantum tunneling of BoseEinstein condensates in optical traps and in microcavities. By employing a real physical system, the frequencies of the pseudo Goldstone modes in different phases between two optical traps are studied respectivdy, which are tile crucial feature of the non-Abelian Joseptmon effect. When the optical lattices are under gravity, we investigate the quantum tummling in the ＂Wannier-Stark localization＂ regime and ＂Lan（lau Zener tunneling＂ regime. We finally get the total decay rate and the rate is valid over the entire range of temperatures. At high temperatures, we show how the decay rate reduces to the appropriate results for the classical thermal activation. At hltermediate temperatures, the results of tile total decay rate are consistent with the thermally assisted tunneling. At low temperatures, we obtain the pure quantmn tunneling ultimately. And we study the alternating-current and direct-current （ac and de） photonic 3osephson effects in two weakly linked microcavities containing ultracold two-level atones, which allows for direct observation of the effects. This enables new investigations of the effect of maw-body physics in strongly coupled atom-cavity systems and provides a strategy for constructing novel interference devices of coherent photons. In addition, we propose the experimental protocols to observe these quantmn tunneling of Bose- Einstein condensates.
文摘Theories of Mott and Weertmann pertaining to quantum mechanical tunneling of dislocations from Peierls barrier in cubic crystals are revisited. Their mathematical calculations about logarithmic creep rate and lattice vibrations as a manifestation of Debye temperature for quantized thermal energy are found correct but they can not ascertain to choose the mass of phonon or “quanta” of lattice vibrations. The quantum mechanical yielding in metals at relatively low temperatures, where Debye temperatures operate, is resolved and the mathematical formulas are presented. The crystal plasticity is studied with stress relaxation curves instead of logarithmic creep rate. With creep rate formulas of Mott and Weertmann, a new formula based on logarithmic profile of stress relaxation curves is proposed which suggests simultaneous quantization of dislocations with their stress, i.e., and depinning of dislocations, i.e., , where is quantum action, σ is the stress, N is the number of dislocations, A is the area and t is the time. The two different interpretations of “quantum length of Peierls barrier”, one based on curvature of space, i.e., yields quantization of Burgers vector and the other based on the curvature of time, i.e., yields depinning of dislocations from Peierls barrier in cubic crystals, are presented. , i.e., the unitary operator on shear modulus yields the variations in the curvature of time due to which simultaneous quantization, and depinning of dislocations occur from Peierls barrier in cubic crystals.
文摘In this work, a mechanism of macroscopic quantum tunneling is studied, which shows this sort of phenomena may exist even in the bio-field system. The relevant Davydov solitons fields and the Feynman digraph have been constructed based on the nonlinear Green function theory, which allows one to get a synchronous resonance model to explain the macroscopic quantum tunneling, such as in double potential wells system. Furthermore, the functional of quantum information density can also be applied to drive the object into a type of soliton structure of quantum information density, which allows the system to possess property of the macroscopic quantum tunneling.
