There is scientific progress in the evaluation methods of recent Earth system models(ESMs).Methods range from single variable to multi-variables,multi-processes,multi-phenomena quantitative evaluations in five layers(...There is scientific progress in the evaluation methods of recent Earth system models(ESMs).Methods range from single variable to multi-variables,multi-processes,multi-phenomena quantitative evaluations in five layers(spheres)of the Earth system,from climatic mean assessment to climate change(such as trends,periodicity,interdecadal variability),extreme values,abnormal characters and quantitative evaluations of phenomena,from qualitative assessment to quantitative calculation of reliability and uncertainty for model simulations.Researchers started considering independence and similarity between models in multi-model use,as well as the quantitative evaluation of climate prediction and projection efect and the quantitative uncertainty contribution analysis.In this manuscript,the simulations and projections by both CMIP5 and CMIP3 that have been published after 2007 are reviewed and summarized.展开更多
This paper proposes a quantitative security evaluation for software system from the vulnerability data consisting of discovery date, solution date and exploit publish date based on a stochastic model. More precisely, ...This paper proposes a quantitative security evaluation for software system from the vulnerability data consisting of discovery date, solution date and exploit publish date based on a stochastic model. More precisely, our model considers a vulnerability life-cycle model and represents the vulnerability discovery process as a non-homogeneous Poisson process. In a numerical example, we show the quantitative measures for contents management system of an open source project.展开更多
目的对某国产HIV-1核酸定量检测系统与罗氏检测系统临床对比研究。方法对于临床收集的188例HIV-1抗体阳性临床血浆样本,平行使用某国产HIV-1核酸定量检测系统和罗氏COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 Test Version 2.0进行HIV-1病毒...目的对某国产HIV-1核酸定量检测系统与罗氏检测系统临床对比研究。方法对于临床收集的188例HIV-1抗体阳性临床血浆样本,平行使用某国产HIV-1核酸定量检测系统和罗氏COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 Test Version 2.0进行HIV-1病毒载量检测相关性能对比评估,并采用Analyse-it 5.92分析软件进行定性、相关性和Bland-Altman等统计学方法分析。结果罗氏检测系统的检测阳性率为94.68%(178/188),国产检测系统的检测阳性率为92.55%(174/188)。以罗氏测量系统为参考,国产检测系统的阳性符合率为94.94%(95%CI:90.70%~97.30%)。定量分析两个检测系统均在线性范围内的126例样本,相关性分析结果显示,线性相关系数r=0.981,同时进行Bland-Altman分析结果显示,两个检测系统差值的平均偏差(Mean)为0.002 log(IU/mL),95%CI:-0.06~0.07,有94.44%的样本在95%一致性区间内(95%LoA:-0.72~0.72)。结论该国产检测系统与罗氏检测系统相比,定性结果符合率、定量分析结果相关性和一致性均较高,符合HIV病毒载量检测实验室的应用需求。展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology 973 Project(No.2010CB950501-03)the National Natural Science Foundation(No.41175066)
文摘There is scientific progress in the evaluation methods of recent Earth system models(ESMs).Methods range from single variable to multi-variables,multi-processes,multi-phenomena quantitative evaluations in five layers(spheres)of the Earth system,from climatic mean assessment to climate change(such as trends,periodicity,interdecadal variability),extreme values,abnormal characters and quantitative evaluations of phenomena,from qualitative assessment to quantitative calculation of reliability and uncertainty for model simulations.Researchers started considering independence and similarity between models in multi-model use,as well as the quantitative evaluation of climate prediction and projection efect and the quantitative uncertainty contribution analysis.In this manuscript,the simulations and projections by both CMIP5 and CMIP3 that have been published after 2007 are reviewed and summarized.
文摘This paper proposes a quantitative security evaluation for software system from the vulnerability data consisting of discovery date, solution date and exploit publish date based on a stochastic model. More precisely, our model considers a vulnerability life-cycle model and represents the vulnerability discovery process as a non-homogeneous Poisson process. In a numerical example, we show the quantitative measures for contents management system of an open source project.
文摘目的对某国产HIV-1核酸定量检测系统与罗氏检测系统临床对比研究。方法对于临床收集的188例HIV-1抗体阳性临床血浆样本,平行使用某国产HIV-1核酸定量检测系统和罗氏COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 Test Version 2.0进行HIV-1病毒载量检测相关性能对比评估,并采用Analyse-it 5.92分析软件进行定性、相关性和Bland-Altman等统计学方法分析。结果罗氏检测系统的检测阳性率为94.68%(178/188),国产检测系统的检测阳性率为92.55%(174/188)。以罗氏测量系统为参考,国产检测系统的阳性符合率为94.94%(95%CI:90.70%~97.30%)。定量分析两个检测系统均在线性范围内的126例样本,相关性分析结果显示,线性相关系数r=0.981,同时进行Bland-Altman分析结果显示,两个检测系统差值的平均偏差(Mean)为0.002 log(IU/mL),95%CI:-0.06~0.07,有94.44%的样本在95%一致性区间内(95%LoA:-0.72~0.72)。结论该国产检测系统与罗氏检测系统相比,定性结果符合率、定量分析结果相关性和一致性均较高,符合HIV病毒载量检测实验室的应用需求。
