Five-membered pyrroline nitroxides with high-potential is fascinating as catholyte for aqueous organic redox flow batteries(AORFBs),however,it suffers from a primary deficiency of insufficient stability due to ring-op...Five-membered pyrroline nitroxides with high-potential is fascinating as catholyte for aqueous organic redox flow batteries(AORFBs),however,it suffers from a primary deficiency of insufficient stability due to ring-opening side reaction.Herein we report a spatial structure regulation strategy by host-guest chemistry,encapsulating 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-1-oxyl(CPL)into hydrosoluble cyclodextrins(CDs)with an inclusion structure of N–O⋅head towards cavity bottom,to boost the solubility and cyclability of pyrroline nitroxides significantly.The armor-clad CPL(CPL⊂HP-β-CD)catholyte in 0.05–0.5 M presents a battery capacity fade rate as low as 0.002%/cycle(0.233%/day)compared to the sole CPL in 0.05 M(0.039%/cycle or 5.23%/day)over 500 cycles in assembled AORFBs.The optimized reclining spatial structure with N–O⋅head towards CD cavity bottom effectively inhibits the attack of Lewis base species on the hydrogen abstraction site in pyrroline ring,and thus avoids the ring-opening side reaction of pyrroline nitroxides.展开更多
The electron spin resonance spectra of N-carbamoyl-N-(l-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolin-3-yl) urea compounds in ten solvents with different polarities were determined. It was found that the hyperfine splitting const...The electron spin resonance spectra of N-carbamoyl-N-(l-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolin-3-yl) urea compounds in ten solvents with different polarities were determined. It was found that the hyperfine splitting constant AN and spin density pN. as well as the energy difference between two adjacent energy levels E of different pyrroline nitroxides in the same solvent increase with the increase of electron-withdrawing α-bility of the substituted groups on the aromatic ring. There was a linear correlation between AN and Reichardt ET value, and between AN and Z value as well. Such a linear correlation was also found between solvent viscosity n and ESR rotational correlation time r. On the other hand, the correlation between T and the relative height hr of peak on high field was reverse. The results are discussed in the paper.展开更多
African swine fever virus(ASFV),as a member of the large DNA viruses,may regulate autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting programmed cell death.However,the function of ASFV proteins has not been fully elucidated,especia...African swine fever virus(ASFV),as a member of the large DNA viruses,may regulate autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting programmed cell death.However,the function of ASFV proteins has not been fully elucidated,especially the role of autophagy in ASFV infection.One of three Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases(PYCR),is primarily involved in conversion of glutamate to proline.Previous studies have shown that depletion of PYCR2 was related to the induction of autophagy.In the present study,we found for the first time that ASFV E199 L protein induced a complete autophagy process in Vero and HEK-293 T cells.Through co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry(Co IP-MS)analysis,we firstly identified that E199 L interact with PYCR2 in vitro.Importantly,our work provides evidence that E199 L down-regulated the expression of PYCR2,resulting in autophagy activation.Overall,our results demonstrate that ASFV E199 L protein induces complete autophagy through interaction with PYCR2 and down-regulate the expression level of PYCR2,which provide a valuable reference for the role of autophagy during ASFV infection and contribute to the functional clues of PYCR2.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21875181,22209130,and 22279100)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(No.2019JLP-13)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722524)。
文摘Five-membered pyrroline nitroxides with high-potential is fascinating as catholyte for aqueous organic redox flow batteries(AORFBs),however,it suffers from a primary deficiency of insufficient stability due to ring-opening side reaction.Herein we report a spatial structure regulation strategy by host-guest chemistry,encapsulating 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-1-oxyl(CPL)into hydrosoluble cyclodextrins(CDs)with an inclusion structure of N–O⋅head towards cavity bottom,to boost the solubility and cyclability of pyrroline nitroxides significantly.The armor-clad CPL(CPL⊂HP-β-CD)catholyte in 0.05–0.5 M presents a battery capacity fade rate as low as 0.002%/cycle(0.233%/day)compared to the sole CPL in 0.05 M(0.039%/cycle or 5.23%/day)over 500 cycles in assembled AORFBs.The optimized reclining spatial structure with N–O⋅head towards CD cavity bottom effectively inhibits the attack of Lewis base species on the hydrogen abstraction site in pyrroline ring,and thus avoids the ring-opening side reaction of pyrroline nitroxides.
文摘The electron spin resonance spectra of N-carbamoyl-N-(l-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolin-3-yl) urea compounds in ten solvents with different polarities were determined. It was found that the hyperfine splitting constant AN and spin density pN. as well as the energy difference between two adjacent energy levels E of different pyrroline nitroxides in the same solvent increase with the increase of electron-withdrawing α-bility of the substituted groups on the aromatic ring. There was a linear correlation between AN and Reichardt ET value, and between AN and Z value as well. Such a linear correlation was also found between solvent viscosity n and ESR rotational correlation time r. On the other hand, the correlation between T and the relative height hr of peak on high field was reverse. The results are discussed in the paper.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No. 2017YFD0502303)the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2020B020222001)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant no. 2019M652922)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (grant no.2019A1515012006)the Chief expert Project of Agricultural Industry Technology system in Guangdong Province (2019KJ128)。
文摘African swine fever virus(ASFV),as a member of the large DNA viruses,may regulate autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting programmed cell death.However,the function of ASFV proteins has not been fully elucidated,especially the role of autophagy in ASFV infection.One of three Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases(PYCR),is primarily involved in conversion of glutamate to proline.Previous studies have shown that depletion of PYCR2 was related to the induction of autophagy.In the present study,we found for the first time that ASFV E199 L protein induced a complete autophagy process in Vero and HEK-293 T cells.Through co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry(Co IP-MS)analysis,we firstly identified that E199 L interact with PYCR2 in vitro.Importantly,our work provides evidence that E199 L down-regulated the expression of PYCR2,resulting in autophagy activation.Overall,our results demonstrate that ASFV E199 L protein induces complete autophagy through interaction with PYCR2 and down-regulate the expression level of PYCR2,which provide a valuable reference for the role of autophagy during ASFV infection and contribute to the functional clues of PYCR2.
