Objective:To determine the ovicidal and repellent activities of methanol leaf extract of Ervatamia coronaria(E.coronaria) and Caeslpinia pulckerrima(C.pulcherrima) against Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus),A...Objective:To determine the ovicidal and repellent activities of methanol leaf extract of Ervatamia coronaria(E.coronaria) and Caeslpinia pulckerrima(C.pulcherrima) against Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus),Aedes aegypti(Ae.aegypti) and Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi).Methods:The ovicidal activity was determined against three mosquito species at various concentrations ranging from 50-450 ppm under the laboratory conditions.The hatch rates were assessed 48 h after treatment.The repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz.,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm under the laboratory conditions. Results:The crude extract of E.coronaria exerted zero hatchability(100%mortality) at 250.200 and 150 ppm for Cx.quinqitefasciatus,Ae.aegypti and An.stephensi,respectively.The crude extract of C.pulchenima exerted zero hatchability(100%mortality) at 375.300 and 225 ppm for Cx.quinquefasciatus,Ae.aegypti and An.Stephensi,respectively.The methanol extract of E. coronaria found to be more repellenct than C.pukherrima extract.A higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm^2 provided 100%protection up to 150.180 and 210 min against Cx.quinquefasciatus,Ae. aegypti and An.stephensi,respectively.The results clearly showed that repellent activity was dose dependent.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extracts of E.coronaria and C.pukherrima are an excellent potential for controlling Cx.quinquefasciatus,Ae.aegypti and An.stephensi mosquitoes.展开更多
During the storage and transportation of the mango fruit, the major source of disease is anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The objective of this study is to find an appropriate method t...During the storage and transportation of the mango fruit, the major source of disease is anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The objective of this study is to find an appropriate method that not only reduces mango decay but also maintains its postharvest quality. The effects of chemicals, the use of the yeast species Metschnikowia pulcherrima and their combination on storage quality, focusing on the enzyme activity related to disease of Tainong mangos was studied. By immersing the mangoes in M. pulcherrima suspension(1.0×10~8 cfu mL^(–1)), salicylic acid(SA) solution(50 mg L^(–1)) or calcium chloride(CaCl_2) solution(1.0 g L^(–1)), the lesion expansion and decay of the mango fruit caused by C. gloeosporioides could be significantly delayed. These treatments also delayed the changes in quality traits(a~* value, firmness, contents of total soluble solids(TSS) and vitamin C(Vc), while the activities of anti-disease enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase(PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL), chitinase(CHT) and β-1,3-glucanase(GUN) were enhanced as compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the combination of SA solution, CaCl_2 solution and M. pulcherrima suspension presented an additive effect, increasing the efficacy in controlling the disease and maintaining the storage quality of mango fruits. Taken together, our data suggest that the integration of chemical treatments combined with M. pulcherrima could be an alternative to the use of fungicides in postharvest treatment of the mango fruit, specifically for improving storage quality as well as the control of the anthracnose.展开更多
五唇兰Doritis pulcherrimaL ind l.受精过程中超微结构观察结果显示:精子到达胚囊前,卵细胞呈梨形;精子到达胚囊时,卵细胞呈典型的倒梨形;精核和卵核融合时,卵细胞呈长圆型,卵核凹陷,整个精核被卵核包围着。由此可见:五唇兰受精过程的...五唇兰Doritis pulcherrimaL ind l.受精过程中超微结构观察结果显示:精子到达胚囊前,卵细胞呈梨形;精子到达胚囊时,卵细胞呈典型的倒梨形;精核和卵核融合时,卵细胞呈长圆型,卵核凹陷,整个精核被卵核包围着。由此可见:五唇兰受精过程的顺利进行,不仅需要精细胞的主动参与,还要卵细胞的积极响应。展开更多
The microsporogenesis and male gametophyte development of Euphorbia pulcherrima were studied with paraffin section method. The results showed that the anther of Euphorbia pulcherrima had four chambers. The development...The microsporogenesis and male gametophyte development of Euphorbia pulcherrima were studied with paraffin section method. The results showed that the anther of Euphorbia pulcherrima had four chambers. The development of anther wall was dicotyledonous type; its wall consisted of epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. The mature male gametophyte development experienced seven major stages as the followings： archesporial cells, aporgenous cells, microspore mother cells, tetrads of microspores （tetrahedral）, uninucleate microspores, 2-uncleate pollens and 2-celled pollen stage. The anther wall varied with the pollen development： the epidermis of anther ruptures at the anther mature stage; the middle layer disappears at tetrad stage; the endothelium became fibrous layer at the anther mature stage; the tapetum （glandular） was the most development at the microspore mother cells stage and disappeared at anther mature stage. The abnormal anther development was observed simultaneously.展开更多
By the observation of chloroplast ultrastructure in different period of bract colors of Euphorbia pulcherrima, the paper studied the change of chloroplast ultrastructural in the transition process of bract colors, ide...By the observation of chloroplast ultrastructure in different period of bract colors of Euphorbia pulcherrima, the paper studied the change of chloroplast ultrastructural in the transition process of bract colors, identified the relationship between E.pulcherrima color change and the chloroplast ultrastructure to provide theorical bases for the cultivation management and further study of E. pulcherrima. Ultrastructural study showed that in the process of change from green to red, the chloroplast of bracts disintegrated gradually, lamellar structure was destroyed gradually, and the content of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was also reduced gradually. When bracts color resumed to turn green gradually, the content of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was also increased gradually.展开更多
Random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） was used to study the diversity of seven E. pulcherrima with different color leaves. Aight 10 bp primers selected from 30 arbitrary primers were applied for amplifying the Eup...Random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） was used to study the diversity of seven E. pulcherrima with different color leaves. Aight 10 bp primers selected from 30 arbitrary primers were applied for amplifying the Euphorbia pulcherrima DNA. Total 62 bands were produced, among which 22 bands （35.48%） were polymorphic. The average numbers of polymorphic DNA bands amplified by each primer were 7.8. Cluster analysis results showed that the genetic background of seven E. pulcherrima was relatively narrow and they had the higher similarity coefficient, which indicated that these seven strains had a near relationship, and that RAPD marking technology may be the effective means for E. pulcherrima classification.展开更多
Objective] This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pistil-late flower developmental morphology and stigma receptivity in Euphorbia pulcherri-ma. [Method] One-year-old adult plants of E. pulcherrima cu...Objective] This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pistil-late flower developmental morphology and stigma receptivity in Euphorbia pulcherri-ma. [Method] One-year-old adult plants of E. pulcherrima cultivar ‘Mil enium’ were used as experimental materials to analyze pistil ate flower development process by macroscopic and scanning electron microscope （SEM） observation. Stigma receptivity was detected with benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method and in vivo pol en germina-tion method. [Result] The pistil ate flower development process of E. pulcherrima was consisted of columnar stigma phase, stigma lobe slightly opening phase, Y-shape stigma lobe phase, inverse V-shaped stigma lobe phase and stigma curling phase. Pistil ate flower development and stigma receptivity of E. pulcherrima exhibit-ed certain correlation. The stigma receptive period lasted from stigma lobe slightly opening phase to inverse V-shaped stigma lobe phase; inverse V-shaped stigma lobe phase was appropriate for pol ination, lasting for 3-5 d, with V-shaped stigma lobe and a large amount of exudates on stigma surface according to SEM obser-vation. Stigma receptivity of E. pulcherrima detected with benzidine-hydrogen perox-ide method was consistent with that detected in vivo pol en germination method. [Conclusion] ln breeding practice, the optimal pol ination period of E. pulcherrima can be determined based on the developmental morphology of pistil ate flower.展开更多
以辐热积(每日温度相对热效应×光合有效辐射,Phototherm al product,PTP)为光温指标,通过不同扦插期的试验研究了温度和辐射与‘千禧’一品红发育和品质指标的定量关系,明确了从短日至单苞期、单蕾期、多蕾期、开花期所需要的PTP...以辐热积(每日温度相对热效应×光合有效辐射,Phototherm al product,PTP)为光温指标,通过不同扦插期的试验研究了温度和辐射与‘千禧’一品红发育和品质指标的定量关系,明确了从短日至单苞期、单蕾期、多蕾期、开花期所需要的PTP。结果表明标准化株高净增量(株高净增量/扦插苗初始叶面积)与PTP呈幂函数关系;主干叶片净增数、侧枝叶片数、苞片数与PTP均呈线性关系;冠高比与PTP呈负指数关系。展开更多
文摘Objective:To determine the ovicidal and repellent activities of methanol leaf extract of Ervatamia coronaria(E.coronaria) and Caeslpinia pulckerrima(C.pulcherrima) against Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus),Aedes aegypti(Ae.aegypti) and Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi).Methods:The ovicidal activity was determined against three mosquito species at various concentrations ranging from 50-450 ppm under the laboratory conditions.The hatch rates were assessed 48 h after treatment.The repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz.,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm under the laboratory conditions. Results:The crude extract of E.coronaria exerted zero hatchability(100%mortality) at 250.200 and 150 ppm for Cx.quinqitefasciatus,Ae.aegypti and An.stephensi,respectively.The crude extract of C.pulchenima exerted zero hatchability(100%mortality) at 375.300 and 225 ppm for Cx.quinquefasciatus,Ae.aegypti and An.Stephensi,respectively.The methanol extract of E. coronaria found to be more repellenct than C.pukherrima extract.A higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm^2 provided 100%protection up to 150.180 and 210 min against Cx.quinquefasciatus,Ae. aegypti and An.stephensi,respectively.The results clearly showed that repellent activity was dose dependent.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extracts of E.coronaria and C.pukherrima are an excellent potential for controlling Cx.quinquefasciatus,Ae.aegypti and An.stephensi mosquitoes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660587 and 31660586)
文摘During the storage and transportation of the mango fruit, the major source of disease is anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The objective of this study is to find an appropriate method that not only reduces mango decay but also maintains its postharvest quality. The effects of chemicals, the use of the yeast species Metschnikowia pulcherrima and their combination on storage quality, focusing on the enzyme activity related to disease of Tainong mangos was studied. By immersing the mangoes in M. pulcherrima suspension(1.0×10~8 cfu mL^(–1)), salicylic acid(SA) solution(50 mg L^(–1)) or calcium chloride(CaCl_2) solution(1.0 g L^(–1)), the lesion expansion and decay of the mango fruit caused by C. gloeosporioides could be significantly delayed. These treatments also delayed the changes in quality traits(a~* value, firmness, contents of total soluble solids(TSS) and vitamin C(Vc), while the activities of anti-disease enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase(PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL), chitinase(CHT) and β-1,3-glucanase(GUN) were enhanced as compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the combination of SA solution, CaCl_2 solution and M. pulcherrima suspension presented an additive effect, increasing the efficacy in controlling the disease and maintaining the storage quality of mango fruits. Taken together, our data suggest that the integration of chemical treatments combined with M. pulcherrima could be an alternative to the use of fungicides in postharvest treatment of the mango fruit, specifically for improving storage quality as well as the control of the anthracnose.
文摘五唇兰Doritis pulcherrimaL ind l.受精过程中超微结构观察结果显示:精子到达胚囊前,卵细胞呈梨形;精子到达胚囊时,卵细胞呈典型的倒梨形;精核和卵核融合时,卵细胞呈长圆型,卵核凹陷,整个精核被卵核包围着。由此可见:五唇兰受精过程的顺利进行,不仅需要精细胞的主动参与,还要卵细胞的积极响应。
文摘The microsporogenesis and male gametophyte development of Euphorbia pulcherrima were studied with paraffin section method. The results showed that the anther of Euphorbia pulcherrima had four chambers. The development of anther wall was dicotyledonous type; its wall consisted of epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. The mature male gametophyte development experienced seven major stages as the followings： archesporial cells, aporgenous cells, microspore mother cells, tetrads of microspores （tetrahedral）, uninucleate microspores, 2-uncleate pollens and 2-celled pollen stage. The anther wall varied with the pollen development： the epidermis of anther ruptures at the anther mature stage; the middle layer disappears at tetrad stage; the endothelium became fibrous layer at the anther mature stage; the tapetum （glandular） was the most development at the microspore mother cells stage and disappeared at anther mature stage. The abnormal anther development was observed simultaneously.
文摘By the observation of chloroplast ultrastructure in different period of bract colors of Euphorbia pulcherrima, the paper studied the change of chloroplast ultrastructural in the transition process of bract colors, identified the relationship between E.pulcherrima color change and the chloroplast ultrastructure to provide theorical bases for the cultivation management and further study of E. pulcherrima. Ultrastructural study showed that in the process of change from green to red, the chloroplast of bracts disintegrated gradually, lamellar structure was destroyed gradually, and the content of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was also reduced gradually. When bracts color resumed to turn green gradually, the content of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was also increased gradually.
文摘Random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） was used to study the diversity of seven E. pulcherrima with different color leaves. Aight 10 bp primers selected from 30 arbitrary primers were applied for amplifying the Euphorbia pulcherrima DNA. Total 62 bands were produced, among which 22 bands （35.48%） were polymorphic. The average numbers of polymorphic DNA bands amplified by each primer were 7.8. Cluster analysis results showed that the genetic background of seven E. pulcherrima was relatively narrow and they had the higher similarity coefficient, which indicated that these seven strains had a near relationship, and that RAPD marking technology may be the effective means for E. pulcherrima classification.
基金Supported by Fund for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technologyin Jiangsu Province[CX(10)411]~~
文摘Objective] This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pistil-late flower developmental morphology and stigma receptivity in Euphorbia pulcherri-ma. [Method] One-year-old adult plants of E. pulcherrima cultivar ‘Mil enium’ were used as experimental materials to analyze pistil ate flower development process by macroscopic and scanning electron microscope （SEM） observation. Stigma receptivity was detected with benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method and in vivo pol en germina-tion method. [Result] The pistil ate flower development process of E. pulcherrima was consisted of columnar stigma phase, stigma lobe slightly opening phase, Y-shape stigma lobe phase, inverse V-shaped stigma lobe phase and stigma curling phase. Pistil ate flower development and stigma receptivity of E. pulcherrima exhibit-ed certain correlation. The stigma receptive period lasted from stigma lobe slightly opening phase to inverse V-shaped stigma lobe phase; inverse V-shaped stigma lobe phase was appropriate for pol ination, lasting for 3-5 d, with V-shaped stigma lobe and a large amount of exudates on stigma surface according to SEM obser-vation. Stigma receptivity of E. pulcherrima detected with benzidine-hydrogen perox-ide method was consistent with that detected in vivo pol en germination method. [Conclusion] ln breeding practice, the optimal pol ination period of E. pulcherrima can be determined based on the developmental morphology of pistil ate flower.
文摘以辐热积(每日温度相对热效应×光合有效辐射,Phototherm al product,PTP)为光温指标,通过不同扦插期的试验研究了温度和辐射与‘千禧’一品红发育和品质指标的定量关系,明确了从短日至单苞期、单蕾期、多蕾期、开花期所需要的PTP。结果表明标准化株高净增量(株高净增量/扦插苗初始叶面积)与PTP呈幂函数关系;主干叶片净增数、侧枝叶片数、苞片数与PTP均呈线性关系;冠高比与PTP呈负指数关系。
