This paper deals with representations of groups by "affine" automorphisms of compact, convex spaces, with special focus on "irreducible" representations: equivalently"minimal" actions. Wh...This paper deals with representations of groups by "affine" automorphisms of compact, convex spaces, with special focus on "irreducible" representations: equivalently"minimal" actions. When the group in question is P SL(2, R), the authors exhibit a oneone correspondence between bounded harmonic functions on the upper half-plane and a certain class of irreducible representations. This analysis shows that, surprisingly, all these representations are equivalent. In fact, it is found that all irreducible affine representations of this group are equivalent. The key to this is a property called "linear Stone-Weierstrass"for group actions on compact spaces. If it holds for the "universal strongly proximal space"of the group(to be defined), then the induced action on the space of probability measures on this space is the unique irreducible affine representation of the group.展开更多
Transport infrastructure plays an important role in shaping the configuration of spatial socio-economic structures and influences regional accessibility. This paper defines transport dominance from three aspects： qua...Transport infrastructure plays an important role in shaping the configuration of spatial socio-economic structures and influences regional accessibility. This paper defines transport dominance from three aspects： quafity, quantity, and advantage, measured by density, proximity, and accessibility indices. County is the basic unit for analysis. The results reveal： （1） Transport dominance statistically follows a partial normal distribution. A very few counties, 1.4% of the total, have extremely high transport dominance which strongly supports the socio-economic development in these areas. In contrast, one eighth of all counties have poor transport dominance which impedes local socio-economic development to some extent. The remaining areas, about 70% of the counties, have median transport dominance. （2） Transport dominance is spatially unevenly distributed, with values decreasing gradually from the coastal area to the inland area. Areas in the first-highest level of transport dominance are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, the Greater Beijing area, and the Pearl River Delta. Areas in the second-highest level are focused in Chengdu, Chongqing, and Wuhan metropolitan areas. Provincial capitals and a few other counties belong to the third-highest level.展开更多
AIM:To compare postoperative quality of life (QOL) in patients with gastric cancer treated by esophagogastrostomy reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy.METHODS: QOL assessments that included functional outcomes (a...AIM:To compare postoperative quality of life (QOL) in patients with gastric cancer treated by esophagogastrostomy reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy.METHODS: QOL assessments that included functional outcomes (a 24-item survey about treatment-specific symptoms) and health perception (Spitzer QOL Index) were performed in 149 patients with gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach, who had received proximal gastrectomy with additional esophagogastrostomy.RESULTS: Fifty-four patients underwent reconstruction by esophagogastric anterior wall end-to-side anastomosis combined with pyloroplasty (EA group); 45 patients had reconstruction by esophagogastric posterior wall end-to-side anastomosis (EP group); and 50 patients had reconstruction by esophagogastric end-to-end anastomosis (EE group). The EA group showed the best postoperative QOL, such as recovery of body weight, less discomfort after meals, and less heart burn or belching at 6 and 24 mo postoperatively. However, the survival rates, surgical results and Spitzer QOL index were similar among the three groups.CONCLUSION: Postoperative QOL was better in the EA than EP or EE group. To improve QOL after proximal gastrectomy for upper third gastric cancer, the EA procedure using a stapler is safe and feasible for esophagogastrostomy.展开更多
Background Although the use of an intramedullary fibular allograft together with locking plate fixation can provide additional medial support and prevent varus malalignment in displaced proximal humeral fractures with...Background Although the use of an intramedullary fibular allograft together with locking plate fixation can provide additional medial support and prevent varus malalignment in displaced proximal humeral fractures with promising results,the fibular autograft donor site often sustains significant trauma and cannot restore the articular surface of comminuted fractures.The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a locking plate and crest bone autologous graft for treating proximal humerus comminuted fractures.Methods We assessed the functional outcomes and complication rates in 40 patients with proximal humerus comminuted fractures.Eighteen patients were treated with a locking plate and an autologous crest bone graft （experimental group）,and 22 were treated with only the locking plate and no bone graft （control group）.Postoperative assessments included radiographic imaging,range of motion analysis,pain level based on the visual analogue scale （VAS）,and the SF-36 （Short Form （36） Health Survey）,as well as whether patients could retum to their previous occupation.Results All fractures healed both clinically and radiologically in the experimental group.There was no more than 2 mm collapse of the humeral head,and no osteonecrosis or screw penetration of the articular surface.In contrast,two patients had a nonunion in the control group,and they eventually accepted total shoulder replacements.The average time from surgery to radiographic union was significantly shorter in the experimental group （（4.66±1.63） months） compared with the control group （（5.98±1.57） months） （P ＜0.05）.For the experimental versus controls groups,the mean shoulder active flexion （148.00±18.59 vs.121.73±17.20） degrees,extension （49.00±2.22 vs.42.06±2.06） degrees,internal rotation （45.00±5.61 vs.35.00±3.55）degrees,external rotation （64.00±9.17 vs.52.14±5.73）degrees,and abduction （138.00±28.78 vs.105.95±15.66） degrees were all significantly hig展开更多
文摘This paper deals with representations of groups by "affine" automorphisms of compact, convex spaces, with special focus on "irreducible" representations: equivalently"minimal" actions. When the group in question is P SL(2, R), the authors exhibit a oneone correspondence between bounded harmonic functions on the upper half-plane and a certain class of irreducible representations. This analysis shows that, surprisingly, all these representations are equivalent. In fact, it is found that all irreducible affine representations of this group are equivalent. The key to this is a property called "linear Stone-Weierstrass"for group actions on compact spaces. If it holds for the "universal strongly proximal space"of the group(to be defined), then the induced action on the space of probability measures on this space is the unique irreducible affine representation of the group.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40635026 40701045 Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.KZCX2-YW-Q 10-4
文摘Transport infrastructure plays an important role in shaping the configuration of spatial socio-economic structures and influences regional accessibility. This paper defines transport dominance from three aspects： quafity, quantity, and advantage, measured by density, proximity, and accessibility indices. County is the basic unit for analysis. The results reveal： （1） Transport dominance statistically follows a partial normal distribution. A very few counties, 1.4% of the total, have extremely high transport dominance which strongly supports the socio-economic development in these areas. In contrast, one eighth of all counties have poor transport dominance which impedes local socio-economic development to some extent. The remaining areas, about 70% of the counties, have median transport dominance. （2） Transport dominance is spatially unevenly distributed, with values decreasing gradually from the coastal area to the inland area. Areas in the first-highest level of transport dominance are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, the Greater Beijing area, and the Pearl River Delta. Areas in the second-highest level are focused in Chengdu, Chongqing, and Wuhan metropolitan areas. Provincial capitals and a few other counties belong to the third-highest level.
文摘AIM:To compare postoperative quality of life (QOL) in patients with gastric cancer treated by esophagogastrostomy reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy.METHODS: QOL assessments that included functional outcomes (a 24-item survey about treatment-specific symptoms) and health perception (Spitzer QOL Index) were performed in 149 patients with gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach, who had received proximal gastrectomy with additional esophagogastrostomy.RESULTS: Fifty-four patients underwent reconstruction by esophagogastric anterior wall end-to-side anastomosis combined with pyloroplasty (EA group); 45 patients had reconstruction by esophagogastric posterior wall end-to-side anastomosis (EP group); and 50 patients had reconstruction by esophagogastric end-to-end anastomosis (EE group). The EA group showed the best postoperative QOL, such as recovery of body weight, less discomfort after meals, and less heart burn or belching at 6 and 24 mo postoperatively. However, the survival rates, surgical results and Spitzer QOL index were similar among the three groups.CONCLUSION: Postoperative QOL was better in the EA than EP or EE group. To improve QOL after proximal gastrectomy for upper third gastric cancer, the EA procedure using a stapler is safe and feasible for esophagogastrostomy.
文摘Background Although the use of an intramedullary fibular allograft together with locking plate fixation can provide additional medial support and prevent varus malalignment in displaced proximal humeral fractures with promising results,the fibular autograft donor site often sustains significant trauma and cannot restore the articular surface of comminuted fractures.The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a locking plate and crest bone autologous graft for treating proximal humerus comminuted fractures.Methods We assessed the functional outcomes and complication rates in 40 patients with proximal humerus comminuted fractures.Eighteen patients were treated with a locking plate and an autologous crest bone graft （experimental group）,and 22 were treated with only the locking plate and no bone graft （control group）.Postoperative assessments included radiographic imaging,range of motion analysis,pain level based on the visual analogue scale （VAS）,and the SF-36 （Short Form （36） Health Survey）,as well as whether patients could retum to their previous occupation.Results All fractures healed both clinically and radiologically in the experimental group.There was no more than 2 mm collapse of the humeral head,and no osteonecrosis or screw penetration of the articular surface.In contrast,two patients had a nonunion in the control group,and they eventually accepted total shoulder replacements.The average time from surgery to radiographic union was significantly shorter in the experimental group （（4.66±1.63） months） compared with the control group （（5.98±1.57） months） （P ＜0.05）.For the experimental versus controls groups,the mean shoulder active flexion （148.00±18.59 vs.121.73±17.20） degrees,extension （49.00±2.22 vs.42.06±2.06） degrees,internal rotation （45.00±5.61 vs.35.00±3.55）degrees,external rotation （64.00±9.17 vs.52.14±5.73）degrees,and abduction （138.00±28.78 vs.105.95±15.66） degrees were all significantly hig
