为探求云纹龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×E.moara♀)幼鱼饲料的最适蛋白质和能量含量,以鱼粉和大豆浓缩蛋白为蛋白源、添加鱼油构建能量梯度,配制粗蛋白含量为46%、50%和54%,能量含量为20.00、20.50和21.00 k J/g,蛋能比...为探求云纹龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×E.moara♀)幼鱼饲料的最适蛋白质和能量含量,以鱼粉和大豆浓缩蛋白为蛋白源、添加鱼油构建能量梯度,配制粗蛋白含量为46%、50%和54%,能量含量为20.00、20.50和21.00 k J/g,蛋能比为22.04~26.87 mg/k J的9组饲料,编号为D1~D9组,投喂初始体重为(46.23±0.51)g的云纹龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼56 d。结果显示,蛋白质和能量的交互作用对云纹龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼增重率影响显著(P<0.05),蛋白质和能量升高显著提高增重率和特定生长率(P<0.05)。蛋白质和能量的交互作用对蛋白质沉积率和肝体比影响显著(P<0.05),蛋白质升高显著提高能量保留率和肥满度(P<0.05),蛋白质效率先升后降(P<0.05);能量升高显著提高蛋白质效率和能量保留率(P<0.05);D6组蛋白质沉积率和蛋白质效率显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。蛋白质和能量的交互作用对全鱼及肌肉水分、粗蛋白、粗灰分均无显著影响(P>0.05),全鱼及肌肉粗蛋白随饲料粗蛋白升高而升高(P<0.05),水分随能量升高而降低(P<0.05),全鱼粗脂肪随蛋能比降低而升高(P<0.05)。蛋白质和能量的交互作用对胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力影响显著(P<0.05),胃蛋白酶活力随蛋白质含量升高而升高(P<0.05),能量对其无显著影响(P>0.05);D6组胰蛋白酶活力最高,其随饲料蛋能比降低呈先升后降的趋势(P<0.05),能量为21.00 k J/g时,脂肪酶活力显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。综上,在设定的蛋白质和能量范围内云纹龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼饲料以50%粗蛋白,21.00 k J/g能量为宜。展开更多
Background： The protein/energy ratio is important for the production performance and utilization of available feed resources by animals. Increased protein consumption by mammals leads to elevated feed costs and incre...Background： The protein/energy ratio is important for the production performance and utilization of available feed resources by animals. Increased protein consumption by mammals leads to elevated feed costs and increased nitrogen release into the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and plasma metabolites of pigs of different genotypes. Methods： Bama mini-pigs and Landrace pigs were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups （Chinese conventional diet with low protein/energy ratio or National Research Council diet with high protein/energy ratio; n = 24 per treatment） in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Blood and muscle samples were collected at the end of the nursery, growing, and finishing phases. Results： We observed significant interactions （P 〈 0.05） between breed and diet for total fat percentage, intramuscular fat （IMF） content, protein content in biceps femoris （BF） muscle, and plasma urea nitrogen （UN） concentration in the nursery phase; for average daily gain （ADG）, average daily feed intake （ADFI）, dry matter, IMF content in psoas major （PM） muscle, and plasma total protein and albumin concentrations in the growing phase; and for drip loss and plasma UN concentration in the finishing phase. Breed influenced （P 〈 0.05） growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality, but not plasma metabolites. Throughout the trial, Landrace pigs showed significantly higher （P 〈 0.0_5） ADG, ADFI, dressing percentage, lean mass rate, and loin-eye area than did Bama mini-pigs, but significantly lower （P 〈 0.0.5） feed/gain ratio, fat percentage, backfat thickness, and IMF content. Dietary protein/energy ratio influenced the pH value, chemical composition of BF and PM muscles, and plasma activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and plasma concentration of UN. Conclusions： Compared with Landrace pigs, Bama mini-pigs展开更多
目的探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(platelet/lymphocyte ratio,PLR)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(lipoprotein phospholipase A2,Lp-PLA2)在维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis...目的探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(platelet/lymphocyte ratio,PLR)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(lipoprotein phospholipase A2,Lp-PLA2)在维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者蛋白质能量消耗(protein energy wasting,PEW)的联合诊断价值。方法收集泰州市人民医院327例接受MHD治疗患者临床资料,根据国际肾脏营养和代谢学会(international society of renal nutrition and metabolism,ISRNM)诊断标准,将MHD患者分为PEW组和非PEW组。探索NLR、PLR、Lp-PLA2在MHD患者PEW诊断中的应用价值。结果327例患者中有101例患者发生PEW,发生率为31%。PEW组患者体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、白蛋白、前白蛋白、总胆固醇、肌酐、尿酸水平均低于非PEW组患者(Z/t=-5.358、-8.147、-5.363、-2.297、-4.168、-2.326,P<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、0.022、<0.001、0.020),年龄、NLR、PLR、Lp-PLA2水平均高于非PEW组(Z/t=-2.753、-5.588、-4.672、-9.269,P=0.006、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001)。多因素二元Logistic逐步回归方程分析结果显示NLR(OR=1.094,95%CI:1.004~1.192,P=0.041)、PLR(OR=1.021,95%CI:1.009~1.033,P<0.001)、Lp-PLA2(OR=1.085,95%CI:1.056~1.114,P<0.001)水平是血液透析患者发生PEW的独立风险因子。NLR(95%CI:0.631~0.756,P<0.001)、PLR(95%CI:0.597~0.726,P<0.001)、Lp-PLA2(95%CI:0.735~0.841,P<0.001)、NLR联合PLR(95%CI:0.650~0.775,P<0.001)、NLR联合Lp-PLA2(95%CI:0.800~0.889,P<0.001)、PLR联合Lp-PLA2(95%CI:0.782~0.875,P<0.001)、NLR联合PLR及Lp-PLA2(95%CI:0.809~0.895,P<0.001)在ROC曲线下面积分别为0.693、0.662、0.788、0.713、0.844、0.829、0.852,NLR、PLR、Lp-PLA2均对MHD患者发生PEW具有一定的诊断价值,且当三者联合时ROC曲线下面积为0.852(95%CI:0.809~0.895,P<0.001),诊断效能最大。结论NLR、PLR、Lp-PLA2水平可作为MHD患者发生PEW的参考指标,加强对NLR、PLR、Lp-PLA2水平的联合监测可为PEW的诊断及治疗提供干预证据。展开更多
文摘为探求云纹龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×E.moara♀)幼鱼饲料的最适蛋白质和能量含量,以鱼粉和大豆浓缩蛋白为蛋白源、添加鱼油构建能量梯度,配制粗蛋白含量为46%、50%和54%,能量含量为20.00、20.50和21.00 k J/g,蛋能比为22.04~26.87 mg/k J的9组饲料,编号为D1~D9组,投喂初始体重为(46.23±0.51)g的云纹龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼56 d。结果显示,蛋白质和能量的交互作用对云纹龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼增重率影响显著(P<0.05),蛋白质和能量升高显著提高增重率和特定生长率(P<0.05)。蛋白质和能量的交互作用对蛋白质沉积率和肝体比影响显著(P<0.05),蛋白质升高显著提高能量保留率和肥满度(P<0.05),蛋白质效率先升后降(P<0.05);能量升高显著提高蛋白质效率和能量保留率(P<0.05);D6组蛋白质沉积率和蛋白质效率显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。蛋白质和能量的交互作用对全鱼及肌肉水分、粗蛋白、粗灰分均无显著影响(P>0.05),全鱼及肌肉粗蛋白随饲料粗蛋白升高而升高(P<0.05),水分随能量升高而降低(P<0.05),全鱼粗脂肪随蛋能比降低而升高(P<0.05)。蛋白质和能量的交互作用对胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力影响显著(P<0.05),胃蛋白酶活力随蛋白质含量升高而升高(P<0.05),能量对其无显著影响(P>0.05);D6组胰蛋白酶活力最高,其随饲料蛋能比降低呈先升后降的趋势(P<0.05),能量为21.00 k J/g时,脂肪酶活力显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。综上,在设定的蛋白质和能量范围内云纹龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼饲料以50%粗蛋白,21.00 k J/g能量为宜。
文摘选用健康乌苏里幼公貉63只,随机分为7组(每组9只)。1～4组用以探讨适宜蛋白质水平,其蛋白质水平分别为31.54%、36.39%,40.37%和43.53%;5-7组用以探讨适宜能量水平,其能量水平分别为19589.78,21860.94和22600.04k J/kg。试验分育成前期和冬毛生长期两个阶段进行,饲喂同一营养水平的日粮。结果表明,育成前期饲喂蛋白质水平为36.39%的日粮,可获得理想的体重、体长及经济效益。 冬毛生长期,日粮蛋白质水平在31.54%～43.53%范围内,对幼貉的体重和体长无显著影响。育成期以饲喂能量水平为21860.94～22600.04 k J/kg的日粮为宜。育成前期适宜的蛋能比为16.1～16.6,冬毛生长期为14.0～14.4。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB124704 and 2013CB127305)KC.Wong Education Foundation,Hong Kong
文摘Background： The protein/energy ratio is important for the production performance and utilization of available feed resources by animals. Increased protein consumption by mammals leads to elevated feed costs and increased nitrogen release into the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and plasma metabolites of pigs of different genotypes. Methods： Bama mini-pigs and Landrace pigs were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups （Chinese conventional diet with low protein/energy ratio or National Research Council diet with high protein/energy ratio; n = 24 per treatment） in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Blood and muscle samples were collected at the end of the nursery, growing, and finishing phases. Results： We observed significant interactions （P 〈 0.05） between breed and diet for total fat percentage, intramuscular fat （IMF） content, protein content in biceps femoris （BF） muscle, and plasma urea nitrogen （UN） concentration in the nursery phase; for average daily gain （ADG）, average daily feed intake （ADFI）, dry matter, IMF content in psoas major （PM） muscle, and plasma total protein and albumin concentrations in the growing phase; and for drip loss and plasma UN concentration in the finishing phase. Breed influenced （P 〈 0.05） growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality, but not plasma metabolites. Throughout the trial, Landrace pigs showed significantly higher （P 〈 0.0_5） ADG, ADFI, dressing percentage, lean mass rate, and loin-eye area than did Bama mini-pigs, but significantly lower （P 〈 0.0.5） feed/gain ratio, fat percentage, backfat thickness, and IMF content. Dietary protein/energy ratio influenced the pH value, chemical composition of BF and PM muscles, and plasma activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and plasma concentration of UN. Conclusions： Compared with Landrace pigs, Bama mini-pigs
文摘目的探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(platelet/lymphocyte ratio,PLR)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(lipoprotein phospholipase A2,Lp-PLA2)在维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者蛋白质能量消耗(protein energy wasting,PEW)的联合诊断价值。方法收集泰州市人民医院327例接受MHD治疗患者临床资料,根据国际肾脏营养和代谢学会(international society of renal nutrition and metabolism,ISRNM)诊断标准,将MHD患者分为PEW组和非PEW组。探索NLR、PLR、Lp-PLA2在MHD患者PEW诊断中的应用价值。结果327例患者中有101例患者发生PEW,发生率为31%。PEW组患者体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、白蛋白、前白蛋白、总胆固醇、肌酐、尿酸水平均低于非PEW组患者(Z/t=-5.358、-8.147、-5.363、-2.297、-4.168、-2.326,P<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、0.022、<0.001、0.020),年龄、NLR、PLR、Lp-PLA2水平均高于非PEW组(Z/t=-2.753、-5.588、-4.672、-9.269,P=0.006、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001)。多因素二元Logistic逐步回归方程分析结果显示NLR(OR=1.094,95%CI:1.004~1.192,P=0.041)、PLR(OR=1.021,95%CI:1.009~1.033,P<0.001)、Lp-PLA2(OR=1.085,95%CI:1.056~1.114,P<0.001)水平是血液透析患者发生PEW的独立风险因子。NLR(95%CI:0.631~0.756,P<0.001)、PLR(95%CI:0.597~0.726,P<0.001)、Lp-PLA2(95%CI:0.735~0.841,P<0.001)、NLR联合PLR(95%CI:0.650~0.775,P<0.001)、NLR联合Lp-PLA2(95%CI:0.800~0.889,P<0.001)、PLR联合Lp-PLA2(95%CI:0.782~0.875,P<0.001)、NLR联合PLR及Lp-PLA2(95%CI:0.809~0.895,P<0.001)在ROC曲线下面积分别为0.693、0.662、0.788、0.713、0.844、0.829、0.852,NLR、PLR、Lp-PLA2均对MHD患者发生PEW具有一定的诊断价值,且当三者联合时ROC曲线下面积为0.852(95%CI:0.809~0.895,P<0.001),诊断效能最大。结论NLR、PLR、Lp-PLA2水平可作为MHD患者发生PEW的参考指标,加强对NLR、PLR、Lp-PLA2水平的联合监测可为PEW的诊断及治疗提供干预证据。
