As a physical interface,a prosthetic liner is commonly used as a transition material between the residual limb and the stiff socket.Typically made from a compliant material such as silicone,the main function of a pros...As a physical interface,a prosthetic liner is commonly used as a transition material between the residual limb and the stiff socket.Typically made from a compliant material such as silicone,the main function of a prosthetic liner is to protect the residual limb from injuries induced by load-bearing normal and shear stresses.Compared to conventional liners,custom prosthetic lower-extremity(LE)liners have been shown to better relieve stress concentrations in painful and sensitive regions of the residual limb.Although custom LE liners have been shown to offer clinical benefits,no review article on their design and efficacy has yet been written.To address this shortcoming in the literature,this paper provides a comprehensive survey of custom LE liner materials,design,and fabrication methods.First,custom LE liner materials and components are summarized,including a description of commercial liners and their efficacy.Subsequently,digital methods used to design and fabricate custom LE liners are addressed,including residual limb biomechanical modeling,finite element-based design methods,and 3-D printing techniques.Finally,current evaluation methods of custom/commercial LE liners are presented and discussed.We hope that this review article will inspire further research and development into the design and manufacture of custom LE liners.展开更多
目的调查研究国内市售假肢接受腔内衬套的细胞毒性及力学性能现状。方法收集国产厚度6 mm泡沫内衬(A)、国产厚度5 mm EVA泡沫内衬(B)、德国产厚度5 mm EVA泡沫内衬(C)、德国产厚度12 mm PE泡沫内衬套(D)、冰岛产厚度3 mm硅胶内衬套(E)...目的调查研究国内市售假肢接受腔内衬套的细胞毒性及力学性能现状。方法收集国产厚度6 mm泡沫内衬(A)、国产厚度5 mm EVA泡沫内衬(B)、德国产厚度5 mm EVA泡沫内衬(C)、德国产厚度12 mm PE泡沫内衬套(D)、冰岛产厚度3 mm硅胶内衬套(E)、德国产厚度4 mm凝胶内衬套(F)。应用显微镜观察与噻唑蓝比色法,进行不同内衬套细胞毒性检测。采用高锰酸钾消耗测定有机小分子物质含量。采用材料力学试验机对内衬套材料进行拉伸强度、扯断伸长率(%)、100%定伸强度的检测。采用邵氏硬度计进行硬度测试。结果内衬套A、B、C和D的细胞毒性反应均为2级,内衬套E和F的细胞毒性反应均为0级。内衬套A、B、C高锰酸钾消耗量均超过150 mg/kg。除内衬套C外,其余5种产品硬度均≤70 HA。除内衬套D外,其余5种产品均拉伸强度>1 MPa,断裂伸长率>120.0%,100%定伸强度>0.9 MPa。结论因材料和生产工艺等原因6种样品的细胞毒性和力学性能有较大差异。展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant number JKF-YG-22-B010)the National Institutes of Health(Grant number 5R01EB024531-03).
文摘As a physical interface,a prosthetic liner is commonly used as a transition material between the residual limb and the stiff socket.Typically made from a compliant material such as silicone,the main function of a prosthetic liner is to protect the residual limb from injuries induced by load-bearing normal and shear stresses.Compared to conventional liners,custom prosthetic lower-extremity(LE)liners have been shown to better relieve stress concentrations in painful and sensitive regions of the residual limb.Although custom LE liners have been shown to offer clinical benefits,no review article on their design and efficacy has yet been written.To address this shortcoming in the literature,this paper provides a comprehensive survey of custom LE liner materials,design,and fabrication methods.First,custom LE liner materials and components are summarized,including a description of commercial liners and their efficacy.Subsequently,digital methods used to design and fabricate custom LE liners are addressed,including residual limb biomechanical modeling,finite element-based design methods,and 3-D printing techniques.Finally,current evaluation methods of custom/commercial LE liners are presented and discussed.We hope that this review article will inspire further research and development into the design and manufacture of custom LE liners.
文摘目的调查研究国内市售假肢接受腔内衬套的细胞毒性及力学性能现状。方法收集国产厚度6 mm泡沫内衬(A)、国产厚度5 mm EVA泡沫内衬(B)、德国产厚度5 mm EVA泡沫内衬(C)、德国产厚度12 mm PE泡沫内衬套(D)、冰岛产厚度3 mm硅胶内衬套(E)、德国产厚度4 mm凝胶内衬套(F)。应用显微镜观察与噻唑蓝比色法,进行不同内衬套细胞毒性检测。采用高锰酸钾消耗测定有机小分子物质含量。采用材料力学试验机对内衬套材料进行拉伸强度、扯断伸长率(%)、100%定伸强度的检测。采用邵氏硬度计进行硬度测试。结果内衬套A、B、C和D的细胞毒性反应均为2级,内衬套E和F的细胞毒性反应均为0级。内衬套A、B、C高锰酸钾消耗量均超过150 mg/kg。除内衬套C外,其余5种产品硬度均≤70 HA。除内衬套D外,其余5种产品均拉伸强度>1 MPa,断裂伸长率>120.0%,100%定伸强度>0.9 MPa。结论因材料和生产工艺等原因6种样品的细胞毒性和力学性能有较大差异。
