A process for numerical analysis of radial circulation distribution of propeller blade is proposed and presented.It is based on the results of numerical simulation of the velocity field around propeller blades and in ...A process for numerical analysis of radial circulation distribution of propeller blade is proposed and presented.It is based on the results of numerical simulation of the velocity field around propeller blades and in the wake.The well-known traditional method using tangential velocity data in the wake and applying Stockes＇s theorem was also examined in the investigation.The results from two approaches are compared with each other.It is found that if the traditional way is utilized,in many cases an unexpected ＂hump＂ appears in the circulation distribution at certain outer radius.The authors calculated the circulations directly around blade sections,and it is referred as direct method.The unexpected hump of the circulation distribution disappears in the results of direct method.This article also discusses the reasons of the appearance of the unexpected hump in traditional approach.The direct method is proposed to have a potential in analyzing or verifying the radial road distribution for designed propeller and the numerical analysis instead of experimental validation for circulation distribution can be as a tool in the propeller design process.展开更多
为编制拖拉机传动轴在实际作业工况下的载荷谱,针对拖拉机传动轴载荷具有单峰和多峰的特点及参数外推的局限性,运用拇指法(Rule-of-thumb,ROT)确实带宽,提出一种改进的基于核密度估计(Kernel density estimation,KDE)的载荷外推方法。...为编制拖拉机传动轴在实际作业工况下的载荷谱,针对拖拉机传动轴载荷具有单峰和多峰的特点及参数外推的局限性,运用拇指法(Rule-of-thumb,ROT)确实带宽,提出一种改进的基于核密度估计(Kernel density estimation,KDE)的载荷外推方法。通过搭建拖拉机传动轴无线扭矩测试系统并进行田间试验,获得了传动轴犁耕工况下的载荷数据,采用拇指法求得From-To雨流矩阵的最优带宽,并由雨流矩阵计算出核密度估计阈值,对大于阈值的载荷采用基于核密度估计的非参数法进行外推,小于阈值的载荷则按比例外推,最后对外推载荷的合理性进行验证。结果表明:与传统非参数法相比,采用基于核密度估计的外推方法时,运算时间缩短了54.16%;与实测载荷相比,外推后的均值、标准差和最大值的误差分别为2.2%、0.87%和6.3%,拟合度R^(2)和伪损伤比均大于0.99。用此方法对传动轴的其他工况载荷进行外推,同样得到了良好的效果。基于核密度估计的外推方法有助于编制反映拖拉机传动轴实际受载工况的载荷谱,同时为具有相似载荷分布特点的机械零部件载荷外推提供参考。展开更多
Ships use propulsion machinery systems to create directional thrust. Sailing in ice-covered waters involves the breaking of ice pieces and their submergence as the ship hull advances. Sometimes, submerged ice pieces i...Ships use propulsion machinery systems to create directional thrust. Sailing in ice-covered waters involves the breaking of ice pieces and their submergence as the ship hull advances. Sometimes, submerged ice pieces interact with the propeller and cause irregular fluctuations of the torque load. As a result, the propeller and engine dynamics become imbalanced, and energy propagates through the propulsion machinery system until equilibrium is reached. In such imbalanced situations, the measured propeller shaft torque response is not equal to the propeller torque. Therefore, in this work, the overall system response is simulated under the ice-related torque load using the Bond graph model. The energy difference between the propeller and propeller shaft is estimated and related to their corresponding mechanical energy. Additionally, the mechanical energy is distributed among modes. Based on the distribution, kinetic and potential energy are important for the correlation between propeller torque and propeller shaft response.展开更多
文摘A process for numerical analysis of radial circulation distribution of propeller blade is proposed and presented.It is based on the results of numerical simulation of the velocity field around propeller blades and in the wake.The well-known traditional method using tangential velocity data in the wake and applying Stockes＇s theorem was also examined in the investigation.The results from two approaches are compared with each other.It is found that if the traditional way is utilized,in many cases an unexpected ＂hump＂ appears in the circulation distribution at certain outer radius.The authors calculated the circulations directly around blade sections,and it is referred as direct method.The unexpected hump of the circulation distribution disappears in the results of direct method.This article also discusses the reasons of the appearance of the unexpected hump in traditional approach.The direct method is proposed to have a potential in analyzing or verifying the radial road distribution for designed propeller and the numerical analysis instead of experimental validation for circulation distribution can be as a tool in the propeller design process.
文摘为编制拖拉机传动轴在实际作业工况下的载荷谱,针对拖拉机传动轴载荷具有单峰和多峰的特点及参数外推的局限性,运用拇指法(Rule-of-thumb,ROT)确实带宽,提出一种改进的基于核密度估计(Kernel density estimation,KDE)的载荷外推方法。通过搭建拖拉机传动轴无线扭矩测试系统并进行田间试验,获得了传动轴犁耕工况下的载荷数据,采用拇指法求得From-To雨流矩阵的最优带宽,并由雨流矩阵计算出核密度估计阈值,对大于阈值的载荷采用基于核密度估计的非参数法进行外推,小于阈值的载荷则按比例外推,最后对外推载荷的合理性进行验证。结果表明:与传统非参数法相比,采用基于核密度估计的外推方法时,运算时间缩短了54.16%;与实测载荷相比,外推后的均值、标准差和最大值的误差分别为2.2%、0.87%和6.3%,拟合度R^(2)和伪损伤比均大于0.99。用此方法对传动轴的其他工况载荷进行外推,同样得到了良好的效果。基于核密度估计的外推方法有助于编制反映拖拉机传动轴实际受载工况的载荷谱,同时为具有相似载荷分布特点的机械零部件载荷外推提供参考。
基金Funded Through the Norwegian Research Council Project No.194529
文摘Ships use propulsion machinery systems to create directional thrust. Sailing in ice-covered waters involves the breaking of ice pieces and their submergence as the ship hull advances. Sometimes, submerged ice pieces interact with the propeller and cause irregular fluctuations of the torque load. As a result, the propeller and engine dynamics become imbalanced, and energy propagates through the propulsion machinery system until equilibrium is reached. In such imbalanced situations, the measured propeller shaft torque response is not equal to the propeller torque. Therefore, in this work, the overall system response is simulated under the ice-related torque load using the Bond graph model. The energy difference between the propeller and propeller shaft is estimated and related to their corresponding mechanical energy. Additionally, the mechanical energy is distributed among modes. Based on the distribution, kinetic and potential energy are important for the correlation between propeller torque and propeller shaft response.
文摘电推进系统采用永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)直接驱动螺旋桨为飞机提供所需的动力,由于运行工况的复杂性和强耦合性,其对动态响应和扰动抑制能力提出更高的要求。为了提高系统性能,提出一种线性/非线性自抗扰混合控制方法。在线性扩张状态观测器(linear expanding state observer,LESO)和非线性扩张状态观测器(nonlinear expanding state observer,NESO)参数整定的基础上,设计带权重系数的混合控制策略。该方法有效整合LESO和NESO的优点,通过带桨测试结果验证所提方法的可行性,为工程实践奠定理论基础。
