The multi-scale structures of complex flows have been great challenges to both theoretical and engineer-ing researches, and multi-scale modeling is the natural way in response. Particle methods (PMs) are ideal constit...The multi-scale structures of complex flows have been great challenges to both theoretical and engineer-ing researches, and multi-scale modeling is the natural way in response. Particle methods (PMs) are ideal constitutors and powerful probes of multi-scale models, owing to their physical insight and computational simplicity. In this paper, the role of different PMs for multi-scale modeling of complex flows is critically reviewed and possible development of PMs in this background is prospected, with the emphasis on pseudo-particle modeling (PPM). The performances of some different PMs are compared in simulations and new devel-opment in the fundamentals and applications of PPM is also reported, demonstrating PPM as a unique PM for multi-scale modeling.展开更多
The challenges of disruptive innovations have gained significant attention from both academics and practitioners,commercialization being one of the most critical phases.At the same time,however,it is the less studied ...The challenges of disruptive innovations have gained significant attention from both academics and practitioners,commercialization being one of the most critical phases.At the same time,however,it is the less studied area of disruptive innovation.Therefore,this article examined scholarly papers on the commercialization of disruptive innovations through a multidisciplinary systematic literature review.It resulted in the analysis of 64 high-quality peer-reviewed academic articles.The analysis highlighted the commercialization models and main constructs that are affecting the commercialization process:market orientation,market learning,user’s involvement,market configuration,adoption networks and stakeholders,and innovation transference.The study evidences how commercialization has evolved from a later stage in innovation to influence even the early phases of innovation,characterized in turn by exploration,learning and ecosystem creation activities.Additionally,the analysis led to a proposition that established an integrated commercialization model for high uncertainty innovations.The model has three phases:1)Concept/value proposition validation,2)Business model validation&Market creation,and 3)Creating sales in the majority market.Lastly,the article contributes to a better understanding of commercialization processes in high uncertainty innovations,bridging also the academic-practitioner divide.展开更多
Zinc oxide nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes have been synthesized in polyol using a bottom-up approach. We have studied the scale-up of the process to massively produce high quality nanoparticles of contr...Zinc oxide nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes have been synthesized in polyol using a bottom-up approach. We have studied the scale-up of the process to massively produce high quality nanoparticles of controlled size and shape. The scale-up strategy required the effective mixing of reagents using either axial or radial mixing configurations and was experimentally validated by comparing structural properties of particles obtained in a small and a large size reactor. In addition, the flow patterns in these reactors have been calculated using three-dimensional turbulent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Our results indicate a strong connection between the flow patterns, as obtained by CFD simulations, and the size and shape of the particles. Actually, our pilot scale reactor allowed producing sample aliquots of ~50 grams with nanoparticle sizes ranging from 8 nm to 600 nm and aspect ratio varying from 1 (nanospheres) to 20 (nanorods). After their synthesis, these two nanoparticle classes have been tested as building blocks in D149-dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The measured power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 4.66% for nanorods shaped particles and 4.21% for nanospheres. These values were significantly higher than the 3.90% PCE obtained with commercial Degussa VP20 ZnO nanoparticles.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.20336040 , 20490201)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.INF105-SCE-2-07).
文摘The multi-scale structures of complex flows have been great challenges to both theoretical and engineer-ing researches, and multi-scale modeling is the natural way in response. Particle methods (PMs) are ideal constitutors and powerful probes of multi-scale models, owing to their physical insight and computational simplicity. In this paper, the role of different PMs for multi-scale modeling of complex flows is critically reviewed and possible development of PMs in this background is prospected, with the emphasis on pseudo-particle modeling (PPM). The performances of some different PMs are compared in simulations and new devel-opment in the fundamentals and applications of PPM is also reported, demonstrating PPM as a unique PM for multi-scale modeling.
文摘The challenges of disruptive innovations have gained significant attention from both academics and practitioners,commercialization being one of the most critical phases.At the same time,however,it is the less studied area of disruptive innovation.Therefore,this article examined scholarly papers on the commercialization of disruptive innovations through a multidisciplinary systematic literature review.It resulted in the analysis of 64 high-quality peer-reviewed academic articles.The analysis highlighted the commercialization models and main constructs that are affecting the commercialization process:market orientation,market learning,user’s involvement,market configuration,adoption networks and stakeholders,and innovation transference.The study evidences how commercialization has evolved from a later stage in innovation to influence even the early phases of innovation,characterized in turn by exploration,learning and ecosystem creation activities.Additionally,the analysis led to a proposition that established an integrated commercialization model for high uncertainty innovations.The model has three phases:1)Concept/value proposition validation,2)Business model validation&Market creation,and 3)Creating sales in the majority market.Lastly,the article contributes to a better understanding of commercialization processes in high uncertainty innovations,bridging also the academic-practitioner divide.
文摘Zinc oxide nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes have been synthesized in polyol using a bottom-up approach. We have studied the scale-up of the process to massively produce high quality nanoparticles of controlled size and shape. The scale-up strategy required the effective mixing of reagents using either axial or radial mixing configurations and was experimentally validated by comparing structural properties of particles obtained in a small and a large size reactor. In addition, the flow patterns in these reactors have been calculated using three-dimensional turbulent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Our results indicate a strong connection between the flow patterns, as obtained by CFD simulations, and the size and shape of the particles. Actually, our pilot scale reactor allowed producing sample aliquots of ~50 grams with nanoparticle sizes ranging from 8 nm to 600 nm and aspect ratio varying from 1 (nanospheres) to 20 (nanorods). After their synthesis, these two nanoparticle classes have been tested as building blocks in D149-dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The measured power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 4.66% for nanorods shaped particles and 4.21% for nanospheres. These values were significantly higher than the 3.90% PCE obtained with commercial Degussa VP20 ZnO nanoparticles.
