将专利组合设计的思想与发明问题解决理论(theory of inlentive prob,TRIZ)创新方法相集成,提出基于企业核心技术的专利组合设计模型。在此模型的基础上,将TRIZ方法与专利组合类型进行分类匹配,建立基于TRIZ理论的专利组合设计流程,用...将专利组合设计的思想与发明问题解决理论(theory of inlentive prob,TRIZ)创新方法相集成,提出基于企业核心技术的专利组合设计模型。在此模型的基础上,将TRIZ方法与专利组合类型进行分类匹配,建立基于TRIZ理论的专利组合设计流程,用不同的TRIZ方法构建相应的专利组合。以TRIZ理论为依据,将创新方法学、专利法律学、管理学等学科交叉进行协同创新设计研究,符合国家知识产权战略及企业的专利战略,能够培育企业的核心竞争力。展开更多
Objective In Corynebacterium crenatum,the adjacent D311 and D312 of N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase(NAGK),as a key rate-limiting enzyme of L-arginine biosynthesis under substrate regulatory control by arginine,were initia...Objective In Corynebacterium crenatum,the adjacent D311 and D312 of N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase(NAGK),as a key rate-limiting enzyme of L-arginine biosynthesis under substrate regulatory control by arginine,were initially replaced with two arginine residues to investigate the L-arginine feedback inhibition for NAGK.Methods NAGK enzyme expression was evaluated using a plasmid-based method.Homologous recombination was employed to eliminate the pro B.Results The IC50 and enzyme activity of NAGK M4,in which the D311 R and D312 R amino acid substitutions were combined with the previously reported E19 R and H26 E substitutions,were 3.7-fold and 14.6% higher,respectively,than those of the wild-type NAGK.NAGK M4 was successfully introduced into the C.crenatum MT genome without any genetic markers;the L-arginine yield of C.crenatum MT-M4 was 26.2% higher than that of C.crenatum MT.To further improve upon the L-arginine yield,we constructed the mutant C.crenatum MT-M4 ?pro B.The optimum concentration of L-proline was also investigated in order to determine its contribution to L-arginine yield.After L-proline was added to the medium at 10 mmol/L,the L-arginine yield reached 16.5 g/L after 108 h of shake-flask fermentation,approximately 70.1% higher than the yield attained using C.crenatum MT.Conclusion Feedback inhibition of L-arginine on NAGK in C.crenatum is clearly alleviated by the M4 mutation of NAGK,and deletion of the pro B in C.crenatum from MT to M4 results in a significant increase in arginine production.展开更多
In this article, Haseman boundary value problem for a class of meta-analytic functions is studied. The expression of solution and the condition of solvability for Haseman boundary value problem are obtained by changin...In this article, Haseman boundary value problem for a class of meta-analytic functions is studied. The expression of solution and the condition of solvability for Haseman boundary value problem are obtained by changing the problem discussed into the equivalent Haseman boundary value problem of bi-analytic function. And the expression of solution and the condition of solvability depend on the canonical matrix.展开更多
Early research has shown that the varied doping structures of the active layer of GaAs photocathodes have been proven to have a higher quantum efficiency than uniform doping structures. On the basis of our early resea...Early research has shown that the varied doping structures of the active layer of GaAs photocathodes have been proven to have a higher quantum efficiency than uniform doping structures. On the basis of our early research on the surface photovoltage of GaAs photocathodes, and comparative research before and after activation of reflection-mode GaAs photocathodes, we further the comparative research on transmission-mode GaAs photocathodes. An exponential doping structure is the typical varied doping structure that can form a uniform electric field in the active layer. By solving the one-dimensional diffusion equation for no equilibrium minority carriers of transmission-mode GaAs photocathodes of the exponential doping structure, we can obtain the equations for the surface photovoltage （SPV） curve before activation and the spectral response curve （SRC） after activation. Through experiments and fitting calculations for the designed material, the body-material parameters can be well fitted by the SPV before activation, and proven by the fitting calculation for SRC after activation. Through the comparative research before and after activation, the average surface escape probability （SEP） can also be well fitted. This comparative research method can measure the body parameters and the value of SEP for the transmission-mode GaAs photocathode more exactly than the early method, which only measures the body parameters by SRC after activation. It can also help us to deeply study and exactly measure the parameters of the varied doping structures for transmission-mode GaAs photocathodes, and optimize the Cs-O activation technique in the future.展开更多
The notion of ideal convergence is a generalization of statistical convecgence which has been intensively investigated in last few years. For an admissible ideal ∮ C N × N, the aim of the present paper is to int...The notion of ideal convergence is a generalization of statistical convecgence which has been intensively investigated in last few years. For an admissible ideal ∮ C N × N, the aim of the present paper is to introduce the concepts of ∮-convergence and ：∮＊-convergence for double sequences on probabilistic normed spaces （PN spaces for short）. We give some relations related to these notions and find condition on the ideal ∮ for which both the notions coincide. We also define ∮-Cauchy and ：∮＊- Cauchy double sequences on PN spaces and show that ∮-convergent double sequences are ∮-Cauchy on these spaces. We establish example which shows that our method of convergence for double sequences on PN spaces is more general.展开更多
The vehicle routing problem (VRP) can be described as the problem of designing the optimal delivery or collection routes from one or several depots to a number of geographically scattered customers, subject to load co...The vehicle routing problem (VRP) can be described as the problem of designing the optimal delivery or collection routes from one or several depots to a number of geographically scattered customers, subject to load constraints. The routing decision involves determining which of the demand s will be satisfied by each vehicle and what route each vehicle will follow in s erving its assigned demand in order to minimize total delivery cost. In this pap er, a methodology for the design of VRP by integrating optimization and simulate d annealing (SA) approach is presented hierarchically. To express the problem of vehicle routing, a new mathematical formulation is first conducted. The objecti ve function involves both the delivery cost and the vehicle acquisition cost wit h load constraints. A heuristic is then proposed to solve this problem by using SA procedure in conjunction with any solution procedure of travelling salesman p roblem (TSP). The initial configuration is arranged as one vehicle route ser ving one customer. The SA searching procedure is then developed to combine custo mer to any one of the vehicle routes existed in the system if the capacity and c ost are attractive. An important concept of this proposed heuristic is that it attempts to minimize total number of vehicle required in the system on the b asis of the fixed cost and the variable cost view points. In addition, this appr oach can be easily adapted to accommodate many additional problem complexities.展开更多
Currently, environmental protection and resources conservation continue to be challenges faced by solid-waste managers in China. These challenges are being further compounded by rapid socioeconomic devel- opment and p...Currently, environmental protection and resources conservation continue to be challenges faced by solid-waste managers in China. These challenges are being further compounded by rapid socioeconomic devel- opment and population growth associated with increased waste generation rates and decreased waste disposal capacities. In response to these challenges, an interval joint-probabilistic mixed-integer programming （IJMP） method is developed for supporting long-term planning of waste management activities in the city of Tianjin, which is one of the largest municipalities in the northern part of China. In the IJMP, joint probabilistic constraints are introduced into an interval-parameter mixed-integer programming framework, such that uncertainties presented in terms of interval values and random variables can be reflected. Moreover, a number of violation levels for the waste-management-capacity constraints are examined, which can facilitate in-depth analyses of tradeoffs among economic objective and system-failure risk. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated. They are valuable for supporting the adjustment of the city＇s existing waste-management practices and the long- term planning of the city＇s waste-management facilities.展开更多
This study surveyed what problems and puzzles college students have in English speaking and listening. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 157 English-major students in South-Central University for Nationalitie...This study surveyed what problems and puzzles college students have in English speaking and listening. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 157 English-major students in South-Central University for Nationalities. The result suggests that they seemed to be very anxious in communicating in English. Their problems are analyzed from the perspective of sociolinguistics and traced back to the way they are taught. This study calls for awareness of the current problems in college English listening and speaking course and provides solutions to them.展开更多
Based on field survey and research of Hanzhong, relocation of Nanzheng County was explored and the existing problems were analyzed. Furthermore, the re- gional characters of Nanzheng County were investigated to analyz...Based on field survey and research of Hanzhong, relocation of Nanzheng County was explored and the existing problems were analyzed. Furthermore, the re- gional characters of Nanzheng County were investigated to analyze the feasibility and necessity of relocation with lots of data and evaluation was made on relocation of Nanzheng County. In addition, the existing problems of relocation were concluded and the prospect of the county was discussed, which is of significance for relocation in Nanzheng County and even southern Shaanxi Province.展开更多
文摘将专利组合设计的思想与发明问题解决理论(theory of inlentive prob,TRIZ)创新方法相集成,提出基于企业核心技术的专利组合设计模型。在此模型的基础上,将TRIZ方法与专利组合类型进行分类匹配,建立基于TRIZ理论的专利组合设计流程,用不同的TRIZ方法构建相应的专利组合。以TRIZ理论为依据,将创新方法学、专利法律学、管理学等学科交叉进行协同创新设计研究,符合国家知识产权战略及企业的专利战略,能够培育企业的核心竞争力。
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31360219 and No.30960012the Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi Normal University(No.KLFS-KF-201414)
文摘Objective In Corynebacterium crenatum,the adjacent D311 and D312 of N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase(NAGK),as a key rate-limiting enzyme of L-arginine biosynthesis under substrate regulatory control by arginine,were initially replaced with two arginine residues to investigate the L-arginine feedback inhibition for NAGK.Methods NAGK enzyme expression was evaluated using a plasmid-based method.Homologous recombination was employed to eliminate the pro B.Results The IC50 and enzyme activity of NAGK M4,in which the D311 R and D312 R amino acid substitutions were combined with the previously reported E19 R and H26 E substitutions,were 3.7-fold and 14.6% higher,respectively,than those of the wild-type NAGK.NAGK M4 was successfully introduced into the C.crenatum MT genome without any genetic markers;the L-arginine yield of C.crenatum MT-M4 was 26.2% higher than that of C.crenatum MT.To further improve upon the L-arginine yield,we constructed the mutant C.crenatum MT-M4 ?pro B.The optimum concentration of L-proline was also investigated in order to determine its contribution to L-arginine yield.After L-proline was added to the medium at 10 mmol/L,the L-arginine yield reached 16.5 g/L after 108 h of shake-flask fermentation,approximately 70.1% higher than the yield attained using C.crenatum MT.Conclusion Feedback inhibition of L-arginine on NAGK in C.crenatum is clearly alleviated by the M4 mutation of NAGK,and deletion of the pro B in C.crenatum from MT to M4 results in a significant increase in arginine production.
基金supported by Tianyuan Fund of Mathematics (10626039)NNSF of China (10871150)RFDP of Higher Eduction of China (20060486001)
文摘In this article, Haseman boundary value problem for a class of meta-analytic functions is studied. The expression of solution and the condition of solvability for Haseman boundary value problem are obtained by changing the problem discussed into the equivalent Haseman boundary value problem of bi-analytic function. And the expression of solution and the condition of solvability depend on the canonical matrix.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60678043 and 60801036)
文摘Early research has shown that the varied doping structures of the active layer of GaAs photocathodes have been proven to have a higher quantum efficiency than uniform doping structures. On the basis of our early research on the surface photovoltage of GaAs photocathodes, and comparative research before and after activation of reflection-mode GaAs photocathodes, we further the comparative research on transmission-mode GaAs photocathodes. An exponential doping structure is the typical varied doping structure that can form a uniform electric field in the active layer. By solving the one-dimensional diffusion equation for no equilibrium minority carriers of transmission-mode GaAs photocathodes of the exponential doping structure, we can obtain the equations for the surface photovoltage （SPV） curve before activation and the spectral response curve （SRC） after activation. Through experiments and fitting calculations for the designed material, the body-material parameters can be well fitted by the SPV before activation, and proven by the fitting calculation for SRC after activation. Through the comparative research before and after activation, the average surface escape probability （SEP） can also be well fitted. This comparative research method can measure the body parameters and the value of SEP for the transmission-mode GaAs photocathode more exactly than the early method, which only measures the body parameters by SRC after activation. It can also help us to deeply study and exactly measure the parameters of the varied doping structures for transmission-mode GaAs photocathodes, and optimize the Cs-O activation technique in the future.
文摘The notion of ideal convergence is a generalization of statistical convecgence which has been intensively investigated in last few years. For an admissible ideal ∮ C N × N, the aim of the present paper is to introduce the concepts of ∮-convergence and ：∮＊-convergence for double sequences on probabilistic normed spaces （PN spaces for short）. We give some relations related to these notions and find condition on the ideal ∮ for which both the notions coincide. We also define ∮-Cauchy and ：∮＊- Cauchy double sequences on PN spaces and show that ∮-convergent double sequences are ∮-Cauchy on these spaces. We establish example which shows that our method of convergence for double sequences on PN spaces is more general.
文摘The vehicle routing problem (VRP) can be described as the problem of designing the optimal delivery or collection routes from one or several depots to a number of geographically scattered customers, subject to load constraints. The routing decision involves determining which of the demand s will be satisfied by each vehicle and what route each vehicle will follow in s erving its assigned demand in order to minimize total delivery cost. In this pap er, a methodology for the design of VRP by integrating optimization and simulate d annealing (SA) approach is presented hierarchically. To express the problem of vehicle routing, a new mathematical formulation is first conducted. The objecti ve function involves both the delivery cost and the vehicle acquisition cost wit h load constraints. A heuristic is then proposed to solve this problem by using SA procedure in conjunction with any solution procedure of travelling salesman p roblem (TSP). The initial configuration is arranged as one vehicle route ser ving one customer. The SA searching procedure is then developed to combine custo mer to any one of the vehicle routes existed in the system if the capacity and c ost are attractive. An important concept of this proposed heuristic is that it attempts to minimize total number of vehicle required in the system on the b asis of the fixed cost and the variable cost view points. In addition, this appr oach can be easily adapted to accommodate many additional problem complexities.
文摘Currently, environmental protection and resources conservation continue to be challenges faced by solid-waste managers in China. These challenges are being further compounded by rapid socioeconomic devel- opment and population growth associated with increased waste generation rates and decreased waste disposal capacities. In response to these challenges, an interval joint-probabilistic mixed-integer programming （IJMP） method is developed for supporting long-term planning of waste management activities in the city of Tianjin, which is one of the largest municipalities in the northern part of China. In the IJMP, joint probabilistic constraints are introduced into an interval-parameter mixed-integer programming framework, such that uncertainties presented in terms of interval values and random variables can be reflected. Moreover, a number of violation levels for the waste-management-capacity constraints are examined, which can facilitate in-depth analyses of tradeoffs among economic objective and system-failure risk. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated. They are valuable for supporting the adjustment of the city＇s existing waste-management practices and the long- term planning of the city＇s waste-management facilities.
文摘This study surveyed what problems and puzzles college students have in English speaking and listening. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 157 English-major students in South-Central University for Nationalities. The result suggests that they seemed to be very anxious in communicating in English. Their problems are analyzed from the perspective of sociolinguistics and traced back to the way they are taught. This study calls for awareness of the current problems in college English listening and speaking course and provides solutions to them.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK261002145)Key Teaching Reform Research of Shaanxi Normal University in 2014(14JG07)Teacher Education Program of Shaanxi Normal University in 2014(JSJY2014J014)~~
文摘Based on field survey and research of Hanzhong, relocation of Nanzheng County was explored and the existing problems were analyzed. Furthermore, the re- gional characters of Nanzheng County were investigated to analyze the feasibility and necessity of relocation with lots of data and evaluation was made on relocation of Nanzheng County. In addition, the existing problems of relocation were concluded and the prospect of the county was discussed, which is of significance for relocation in Nanzheng County and even southern Shaanxi Province.
