In theory, branch predictors with more compli- cated algorithms and larger data structures provide more accurate predictions. Unfortunately, overly large structures and excessively complicated algorithms cannot be imp...In theory, branch predictors with more compli- cated algorithms and larger data structures provide more accurate predictions. Unfortunately, overly large structures and excessively complicated algorithms cannot be implemented because of their long access delay. To date, many strategies have been proposed to balance delay with accuracy, but none has completely solved the issue. The architecture for ahead branch prediction （A2BP） separates traditional pre- dictors into two parts. First is a small table located at the front-end of the pipeline, which makes the prediction brief enough even for some aggressive processors. Second, oper- ations on complicated algorithms and large data structures for accurate predictions are all moved to the back-end of the pipeline. An effective mechanism is introduced for ahead branch prediction in the back-end and small table update in the front. To substantially improve prediction accuracy, an indirect branch prediction algorithm based on branch history and target path （BHTP） is implemented in AZBE Experiments with the standard performance evaluation corpora- tion （SPEC） benchmarks on gem5/SimpleScalar simulators demonstrate that AzBP improves average performance by 2.92% compared with a commonly used branch target bufferbased predictor. In addition, indirect branch misses with the BHTP algorithm are reduced by an average of 28.98% com- pared with the traditional algorithm.展开更多
Prediction is one of the comprehension processing skills encapsulated by the interactive approach instruction.Prediction skills enable learners to decode the meaning of comprehension passages by making guesses about t...Prediction is one of the comprehension processing skills encapsulated by the interactive approach instruction.Prediction skills enable learners to decode the meaning of comprehension passages by making guesses about the contents of texts to be read.Learners in Vihiga County perform poorer in English language examinations than their peers in neighbouring counties.The performance is weaker in comprehension than in grammar sections.Despite this,no study has assessed the nexus between the use of prediction skills and learners’achievement in reading comprehension.This study applied the Solomon Four-Group Design to obtain primary data from 279 primary school learners and eight teachers in 2017.Multiple Linear Regression was used to generate two models,one for the experimental group(Model 1)and one for the control group(Model 2).Results show that the influence of prediction skills on learners’achievement in reading comprehension was statistically significant the experimental group,but insignificant in the control group.However,the influence seemed to be stronger in the experimental than in the control group,which suggests that training English language teachers on how to correctly apply prediction skills is likely to improve learners’achievement in reading comprehension.The study recommends the need to:sensitise teachers to use textbooks cautiously,while supplementing with relevant resource materials;sensitise teachers on the need to guide learners through titles;as well as update the teacher training curriculum by integrating inter alia,new instructional methods based on information and communication technology and entrenching innovation to enable teachers diversify instructional resources.展开更多
This paper proposes a group synchronization control scheme with prediction in work using haptic media. The scheme adjusts the output timing among multiple terminals and keeps the interactivity high. It outputs positio...This paper proposes a group synchronization control scheme with prediction in work using haptic media. The scheme adjusts the output timing among multiple terminals and keeps the interactivity high. It outputs position information by predicting the future position later than the position included in the last-received information by a fixed amount of time. It also advances the output time of position information at each local terminal by the same amount of time. We deal with two different types of work using haptic media so as to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme. We assess the output quality of haptic media for the two types of work subjectively and objectively by Quality of Experience (QoE) assessment. We further clarify the relationship between subjective and objective assessment results.展开更多
文摘In theory, branch predictors with more compli- cated algorithms and larger data structures provide more accurate predictions. Unfortunately, overly large structures and excessively complicated algorithms cannot be implemented because of their long access delay. To date, many strategies have been proposed to balance delay with accuracy, but none has completely solved the issue. The architecture for ahead branch prediction （A2BP） separates traditional pre- dictors into two parts. First is a small table located at the front-end of the pipeline, which makes the prediction brief enough even for some aggressive processors. Second, oper- ations on complicated algorithms and large data structures for accurate predictions are all moved to the back-end of the pipeline. An effective mechanism is introduced for ahead branch prediction in the back-end and small table update in the front. To substantially improve prediction accuracy, an indirect branch prediction algorithm based on branch history and target path （BHTP） is implemented in AZBE Experiments with the standard performance evaluation corpora- tion （SPEC） benchmarks on gem5/SimpleScalar simulators demonstrate that AzBP improves average performance by 2.92% compared with a commonly used branch target bufferbased predictor. In addition, indirect branch misses with the BHTP algorithm are reduced by an average of 28.98% com- pared with the traditional algorithm.
文摘Prediction is one of the comprehension processing skills encapsulated by the interactive approach instruction.Prediction skills enable learners to decode the meaning of comprehension passages by making guesses about the contents of texts to be read.Learners in Vihiga County perform poorer in English language examinations than their peers in neighbouring counties.The performance is weaker in comprehension than in grammar sections.Despite this,no study has assessed the nexus between the use of prediction skills and learners’achievement in reading comprehension.This study applied the Solomon Four-Group Design to obtain primary data from 279 primary school learners and eight teachers in 2017.Multiple Linear Regression was used to generate two models,one for the experimental group(Model 1)and one for the control group(Model 2).Results show that the influence of prediction skills on learners’achievement in reading comprehension was statistically significant the experimental group,but insignificant in the control group.However,the influence seemed to be stronger in the experimental than in the control group,which suggests that training English language teachers on how to correctly apply prediction skills is likely to improve learners’achievement in reading comprehension.The study recommends the need to:sensitise teachers to use textbooks cautiously,while supplementing with relevant resource materials;sensitise teachers on the need to guide learners through titles;as well as update the teacher training curriculum by integrating inter alia,new instructional methods based on information and communication technology and entrenching innovation to enable teachers diversify instructional resources.
文摘This paper proposes a group synchronization control scheme with prediction in work using haptic media. The scheme adjusts the output timing among multiple terminals and keeps the interactivity high. It outputs position information by predicting the future position later than the position included in the last-received information by a fixed amount of time. It also advances the output time of position information at each local terminal by the same amount of time. We deal with two different types of work using haptic media so as to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme. We assess the output quality of haptic media for the two types of work subjectively and objectively by Quality of Experience (QoE) assessment. We further clarify the relationship between subjective and objective assessment results.
