This study describes how one can construct sets of composite natural numbers as tensorial products of the vectors created with the natural powers of prime numbers.
We generalize the congruences of Friedmann-Tamarkine (1909), Lehmer (1938), and Ernvall-Metsänkyla (1991) on the sums of powers of integers weighted by powers of the Fermat quotients to the next Fermat quotient p...We generalize the congruences of Friedmann-Tamarkine (1909), Lehmer (1938), and Ernvall-Metsänkyla (1991) on the sums of powers of integers weighted by powers of the Fermat quotients to the next Fermat quotient power, namely to the third power of the Fermat quotient. Using this result and the Gessel identity (2005) combined with our past work (2021), we are able to relate residues of some truncated convolutions of Bernoulli numbers with some Ernvall-Metsänkyla residues to residues of some full convolutions of the same kind. We also establish some congruences concerning other related weighted sums of powers of integers when these sums are weighted by some analogs of the Teichmüller characters.展开更多
With the Uruguay Round bringing agricultural trade into multilateral regulation,the major countries have actively participated in agricultural global value chains(AGVC)and occupied an important position according to t...With the Uruguay Round bringing agricultural trade into multilateral regulation,the major countries have actively participated in agricultural global value chains(AGVC)and occupied an important position according to their comparative advantages.Utilizing bilateral agricultural trade data of 66 countries based on the OECD Inter-Country-Input-Output Tables(OECD ICIO)from 2010 to 2018,this study applies social network analysis indicators to measure each country’s eigenvector centrality within AGVC and to examine the current global agricultural trade patterns,with particular attention to the changes in the status of world powers within AGVC.The main findings are as follows:first,with the multilateral and regional trade liberalization,growing numbers of developing nations,including China and India,are engaging in international agricultural trade,which contributes to its diversification;second,as AGVC develops,the structure of global agricultural trade networks has become more decentralized and balanced.This is evidenced by the emergence of additional central nodes,and large nations like the United States,which formerly held the most central position as indicated by a drop in its centrality,are becoming less dominant.展开更多
In a fractured world,how can international actors effectively address global issues?When should established and rising powers choose accommodation and cooperation to prevent war and safeguard global peace?What roles c...In a fractured world,how can international actors effectively address global issues?When should established and rising powers choose accommodation and cooperation to prevent war and safeguard global peace?What roles can middle powers and other regional countries play in preserving the positive regional trends of long peace and rapid growth?展开更多
War and peace were two key themes for the development of the Middle East in 2023. In the midst of turmoil, the Middle East policies of extra-territorial powers were being rebalanced, all regional countries were strivi...War and peace were two key themes for the development of the Middle East in 2023. In the midst of turmoil, the Middle East policies of extra-territorial powers were being rebalanced, all regional countries were striving for development, and China's voice and program were among the most prominent highlights of the Middle East in 2023.展开更多
In 2023, major global powers competed in the South Pacific, thus reigniting regional tensions. In response to novel circumstances and new changes, regional powers, notably Australia and New Zealand, have adjusted thei...In 2023, major global powers competed in the South Pacific, thus reigniting regional tensions. In response to novel circumstances and new changes, regional powers, notably Australia and New Zealand, have adjusted their security strategies. Despite headwinds, China has steadily advanced its relations with Oceanian countries.展开更多
2023 will be remembered as a critical juncture in the third decade of the 21st century.Significant changes have been witnessed in the international landscape,underpinned by the law of history that great powers rise an...2023 will be remembered as a critical juncture in the third decade of the 21st century.Significant changes have been witnessed in the international landscape,underpinned by the law of history that great powers rise and inevitably fall.It could be deemed a year of coup d'état for Africa,a year of conflict for Eastern Europe,a year of crisis for the Middle East,and a year of diplomacy for major powers.Countries around the globe are concerned about how the world and times will evolve as they pursue their security and development.As a responsible major country,China has proposed its solutions for enhancing security,development,and civilizations worldwide.It applies an approach that removes barriers and increases connectivity,turns shocks into driving forces,accumulates experience from setbacks,and arouses confidence in today's unsettled world.While promoting world peace and development,China also needs to pay close heed to the changes that are taking place.Only by identifying the crux of its problems and stopping the spread of risks can China ensure a dynamic equilibrium between security and development.展开更多
文摘This study describes how one can construct sets of composite natural numbers as tensorial products of the vectors created with the natural powers of prime numbers.
文摘We generalize the congruences of Friedmann-Tamarkine (1909), Lehmer (1938), and Ernvall-Metsänkyla (1991) on the sums of powers of integers weighted by powers of the Fermat quotients to the next Fermat quotient power, namely to the third power of the Fermat quotient. Using this result and the Gessel identity (2005) combined with our past work (2021), we are able to relate residues of some truncated convolutions of Bernoulli numbers with some Ernvall-Metsänkyla residues to residues of some full convolutions of the same kind. We also establish some congruences concerning other related weighted sums of powers of integers when these sums are weighted by some analogs of the Teichmüller characters.
文摘With the Uruguay Round bringing agricultural trade into multilateral regulation,the major countries have actively participated in agricultural global value chains(AGVC)and occupied an important position according to their comparative advantages.Utilizing bilateral agricultural trade data of 66 countries based on the OECD Inter-Country-Input-Output Tables(OECD ICIO)from 2010 to 2018,this study applies social network analysis indicators to measure each country’s eigenvector centrality within AGVC and to examine the current global agricultural trade patterns,with particular attention to the changes in the status of world powers within AGVC.The main findings are as follows:first,with the multilateral and regional trade liberalization,growing numbers of developing nations,including China and India,are engaging in international agricultural trade,which contributes to its diversification;second,as AGVC develops,the structure of global agricultural trade networks has become more decentralized and balanced.This is evidenced by the emergence of additional central nodes,and large nations like the United States,which formerly held the most central position as indicated by a drop in its centrality,are becoming less dominant.
文摘In a fractured world,how can international actors effectively address global issues?When should established and rising powers choose accommodation and cooperation to prevent war and safeguard global peace?What roles can middle powers and other regional countries play in preserving the positive regional trends of long peace and rapid growth?
文摘War and peace were two key themes for the development of the Middle East in 2023. In the midst of turmoil, the Middle East policies of extra-territorial powers were being rebalanced, all regional countries were striving for development, and China's voice and program were among the most prominent highlights of the Middle East in 2023.
文摘In 2023, major global powers competed in the South Pacific, thus reigniting regional tensions. In response to novel circumstances and new changes, regional powers, notably Australia and New Zealand, have adjusted their security strategies. Despite headwinds, China has steadily advanced its relations with Oceanian countries.
文摘2023 will be remembered as a critical juncture in the third decade of the 21st century.Significant changes have been witnessed in the international landscape,underpinned by the law of history that great powers rise and inevitably fall.It could be deemed a year of coup d'état for Africa,a year of conflict for Eastern Europe,a year of crisis for the Middle East,and a year of diplomacy for major powers.Countries around the globe are concerned about how the world and times will evolve as they pursue their security and development.As a responsible major country,China has proposed its solutions for enhancing security,development,and civilizations worldwide.It applies an approach that removes barriers and increases connectivity,turns shocks into driving forces,accumulates experience from setbacks,and arouses confidence in today's unsettled world.While promoting world peace and development,China also needs to pay close heed to the changes that are taking place.Only by identifying the crux of its problems and stopping the spread of risks can China ensure a dynamic equilibrium between security and development.
