Ovary development is a complex process involving numerous genes. A well-developed ovary is essential for females to keep fertility and reproduce offspring. In order to gain a better insight into the molecular mechanis...Ovary development is a complex process involving numerous genes. A well-developed ovary is essential for females to keep fertility and reproduce offspring. In order to gain a better insight into the molecular mechanisms related to the process of mammalian ovary development, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis on ovaries isolated from infant and adult mice by using next-generation sequencing technology （SOLID）. We identified 15,454 and 16,646 trans- criptionally active genes at the infant and adult stage, respectively. Among these genes, we also identified 7021 differentially expressed genes. Our analysis suggests that, in general, the adult ovary has a higher level of transcriptomic activity. However, it appears that genes related to primordial follicle development, such as those encoding Figla and Nobox, are more active in the infant ovary, whereas expression of genes vital for follicle development, such as Gdj~, Bmp4 and Bmpl5, is upreg- ulated in the adult. These data suggest a dynamic shift in gene expression during ovary development and it is apparent that these changes function to facilitate follicle maturation, when additional func- tional gene studies are considered. Furthermore, our investigation has also revealed several impor- tant functional pathways, such as apoptosis, MAPK and steroid biosynthesis, that appear to be much more active in the adult ovary compared to those of the infant. These findings will provide a solid foundation for future studies on ovary development in mice and other mammals and help to expand our understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events that occur during postnatal ovary development.展开更多
Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of paternal Di‐N‐butyl‐phthalate （DBP） exposure pre‐ and postnatally on F1 generation offspring,and prenatally on F2 generation offspring.Met...Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of paternal Di‐N‐butyl‐phthalate （DBP） exposure pre‐ and postnatally on F1 generation offspring,and prenatally on F2 generation offspring.Methods Male mice were exposed to either 500 mg/kg or 2 000 mg/kg of DBP for 8 weeks,and mated with non‐exposed females.Three‐quarters of the females were sacrificed a day prior to parturition,and examined for the number of living and dead implantations,and incidence of gross malformations.Pups from the remaining females were assessed for developmental markers,growth parameters,as well as sperm quantity and quality.Results There were no changes in the fertility of parents and in intrauterine development of the offspring.Pups of DBP‐exposed males demonstrated growth‐retardation.Following paternal exposure to 500 mg/kg bw of DBP,there were almost twice the number of males than females born in the F1 generation.F1 generation females had a 2.5‐day delay in vaginal opening.Paternal exposure to 2 000 mg/kg bw of DBP increased the incidence of sperm head malformations in F1 generation males;however,there were no changes in the fertility and viability of foetuses in the F2 generation.Conclusion Paternal DBP exposure may disturb the sex ratio of the offspring,delay female sexual maturation,and deteriorate the sperm quality of F1 generation males.展开更多
Klinefelter syndrome （KS） is the set of symptoms that result from the presence of an extra X chromosome in males. Postnatal population-based KS screening will enable timely diagnosis of this common chromosomal disea...Klinefelter syndrome （KS） is the set of symptoms that result from the presence of an extra X chromosome in males. Postnatal population-based KS screening will enable timely diagnosis of this common chromosomal disease, providing the opportunity for early intervention and therapy at the time point when they are most effective and may prevent later symptoms or complications. Therefore, through this study, we introduced a simple high-resolution melting （HRM） assay for KS screening and evaluated its clinical sensitivity and specificity in three medical centers using 1373 clinical blood samples. The HRM assay utilized a single primer pair to simultaneously amplify specific regions in zinc finger protein, X-linked （ZFX） and zinc finger protein, Y-linked （ZFY）. In cases of KS, the ratios of ZFX/ZFYare altered compared to those in normal males. As a result, the specific melting profiles differ and can be differentiated during data analysis. This HRM assay displayed high analytical specificity over a wide range of template DNA amounts （5 ng-50 ng） and reproducibility, high resolution for detecting KS mosaicism, and high clinical sensitivity （100%） and specificity （98.1%）. Moreover, the HRM assay was rapid （2 h per run）, inexpensive （0.2 USD per sample）, easy to perform and automatic, and compatible with both whole blood samples and dried blood spots. Therefore, this HRM assay is an ideal postnatal population-based KS screening tool that can be used for different age groups.展开更多
Childhood obesity and obesity-related metabolic complications are induced by a high-fat postnatal diet. The lack of a suitable animal model, however, remains a considerable challenge in obesity studies. In the current...Childhood obesity and obesity-related metabolic complications are induced by a high-fat postnatal diet. The lack of a suitable animal model, however, remains a considerable challenge in obesity studies. In the current study, we provided high-fat diet （HFD） to dams during lactation and to pups after weaning. We also developed a novel model of C57BL/6J mouse pups with HFD-induced postnatal obesity. Results showed that feeding with HFD induces fat deposition and obesity in pups. Furthermore, HFD more potently increased the body weight （BW） of male than female pups. HFD-fed female pups were obese, underwent precocious puberty, and showed increased kisspeptin expression in the hypothalamus. However, parental obesity and precocious puberty exerted no synergistic effects on the HFD-induced postnatal weight gain and puberty onset of the pups. Interestingly, some HFD-fed litters with normal BW also exhibited precocious puberty. This finding suggested that diet composition but not BW triggers puberty onset. Our model suggests good construction validity of obesity and precocious puberty. Furthermore, our model can also be used to explore the mutual interactions between diet-induced postnatal childhood obesity and puberty.展开更多
The study aimed to determine whether antenatal fear of childbirth (expectation) could predict postnatal fear of childbirth (experience) by taking account of other antenatal psychological variables (anxiety and depress...The study aimed to determine whether antenatal fear of childbirth (expectation) could predict postnatal fear of childbirth (experience) by taking account of other antenatal psychological variables (anxiety and depression) as well as birth outcomes in Japanese women. A longitudinal observational study was conducted at a clinic in Tokyo, Japan, in 2011. Self-report questionnaires were distributed to 240 Japanese women at 37 gestational weeks (Time 1) and on the second day after delivery (Time 2). Regression analyses by means of structural equation modelling were conducted in both the primiparous and the multiparous group. The models exhibited good fit (chisquare value/degree of freedom = 1.10 - 1.62, comparative fit index = 0.92 - 0.99 and root mean square error of approximation = 0.03 - 0.07). Antenatal fear of childbirth was the most predictive variable of postnatal fear of childbirth in both the primiparous (β = 0.58, p = 0.002) and the multiparous group (β = 0.62, p < 0.001). In conclusion, antenatal fear of childbirth was a significant predictor of postnatal fear of childbirth when other antenatal psychological variables and birth outcomes were taken into account. Pregnant women who are strongly afraid of childbirth need special attention before and after delivery.展开更多
In the present study,the effects of postnatal development on the number and distribution of skeletal muscle fibers of different types in hind leg of rat and rabbit were studied.The soleus muscles of rats aged 2 days,2...In the present study,the effects of postnatal development on the number and distribution of skeletal muscle fibers of different types in hind leg of rat and rabbit were studied.The soleus muscles of rats aged 2 days,2,4,6,8,and 10 weeks (body weight 10,32,95,190,280,and 320 g),and rabbits aged 2 days,2,4,8,12,16,20,and 24 weeks (body weight 100,220,400,750,1 200,1 600,2 100,and 2 500 g) were stained with succinic dehydrogenase.With an image analysis system,the X-Y coordinates of fibers were used to analyze the growth-related changes.The results of present study showed that three types of fibers were found in the soleus muscles of rat and rabbit,i.e.,type Ⅰ (slow oxidative),ⅡX (fast oxidative),and ⅡA (fast oxidative glycolytic).The type Ⅰ fibers were present throughout the muscle that had a uniform distribution and tended to increase in number with aging.Type ⅡX fibers were scattered throughout the muscle and decreased markedly in number with aging.Type ⅡA fibers were located at the central and deep regions,and showed a little or no change in number and distribution with aging.While be of age,type ⅡA and ⅡX fibers became restricted to the superficial region.No type ⅡB fibers were detected.Type ⅡA fibers had the largest diameter,type Ⅰ intermediate and type ⅡX the smallest.Mean cross-sectional area of each type fibers of rabbits was larger than that of rats.The present results indicate that the number and distribution of muscle fibers of different types in hind limb of rat and rabbit change with the process of postnatal growth.展开更多
Aim:To determine whether in utero and neonatal exposure to a 60 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) results in spermatotoxicity and reproductive dysfunction in the F1 offspring of rats.Methods:Age-m...Aim:To determine whether in utero and neonatal exposure to a 60 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) results in spermatotoxicity and reproductive dysfunction in the F1 offspring of rats.Methods:Age-matched, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed continuously (21 h/day) to a 60 Hz EMF at field strengths of 0 (sham control),5,83.3 or 500 μT from day 6 of gestation through to day 21 of lactation.The experimentally generated magnetic field was monitored continuously (uninterrupted monitoring over the period of the study) throughout the study.Results:No exposure-related changes were found in exposed or sham-exposed animals with respect to the anogenital distance,preputial separation,testis weight,testicular histology,sperm count,daily sperm production, sperm motility,sperm morphology and reproductive capacity of F1 offspring.Conclusion:Exposure of Sprague- Dawley rats to a 60 Hz EMF at field strengths of up to 500 μT from day 6 of gestation to day 21 of lactation did not produce any detectable alterations in offspring spermatogenesis and fertility.展开更多
Our previous studies showed that the early use of calpain inhibitors reduces calpain activity in multiple brain regions, and that postnatal treatment with calpeptin may lead to cerebellar motor dysfunction. However, i...Our previous studies showed that the early use of calpain inhibitors reduces calpain activity in multiple brain regions, and that postnatal treatment with calpeptin may lead to cerebellar motor dysfunction. However, it remains unclear whether postnatal calpeptin application affects hippocampus-related behaviors. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were purchased from the Animal Center of Anhui Medical University of China. For the experiments in the adult stage, rats were intraperitoneally injected with calpeptin, 2 mg/kg, once a day, on postnatal days 7–14. Then on postnatal day 60, the Morris water maze test was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory abilities. The open field test was carried out to assess anxiety-like activities. Phalloidin staining was performed to observe synaptic morphology in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was used to count the number of NeuN-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. DiI was applied to label dendritic spines. Calpeptin administration impaired spatial memory, caused anxiety-like behavior in adulthood, reduced the number and area of apical dendritic spines, and decreased actin polymerization in the hippocampus, but did not affect the number of NeuN-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. For the neonatal experiments, neonatal rats were intraperitoneally injected with calpeptin, 2 mg/kg, on postnatal days 7 and 8. Western blot assay was performed to analyze the protein levels of Akt, Erk, p-Akt, p-Erk1/2, Erk1/2, SCOP, PTEN, mTOR, p-mTOR, CREB and p-CREB in the hippocampus. SCOP expression was increased, and the phosphorylation levels of Akt, mTOR and CREB were reduced in the hippocampus. These findings show that calpeptin administration after birth affects synaptic development in neonatal rats by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby perturbing hippocampal function. Therefore, calpeptin administration after birth is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental defects.展开更多
Background Antibiotics are widely prescribed among children and pregnant women,but their safety profile is controversial.This study aimed to summarize and appraise current evidence for the potential impact of antibiot...Background Antibiotics are widely prescribed among children and pregnant women,but their safety profile is controversial.This study aimed to summarize and appraise current evidence for the potential impact of antibiotic exposure on pregnancy outcomes and children’s health.Methods PubMed,Embase,Web of Science and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from inception to June 2022.Meta-analyses of any study design comparing the impact of antibiotic exposure with nonexposure among children,pregnant women and prepregnant women on adverse health outcomes of children and pregnancy were retrieved.The quality of evidence was assessed by a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2(AMSTAR2)and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE).Data were reanalyzed,and the credibility of the evidence was determined.Results Out of 2956 studies identified,19 articles with 39 associations were included.Totally 19 of the associations(48.72%)were statistically significant with a P value≤0.05,while only six were supported by highly suggestive evidence.Children with postnatal antibiotic exposure had a higher risk of developing asthma odds ratio(OR):1.95,95%confidence interval(CI):1.76–2.17,wheezing(OR:1.81,95%CI 1.65–1.97)and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis(OR:1.66,95%CI 1.51–1.83),with prediction intervals excluding the nulls.Quality assessed by both AMSTAR2 and GRADE of included meta-analyses were very low in general.Conclusions Antibiotic exposure in early life was associated with children’s long-term health,especially in cases of allergic diseases.Prenatal exposure might also influence children’s health in some aspects but requires more high-quality evidence.Potential adverse effects of antibiotics on pregnancy outcomes were not observed in our study.Studies with higher quality and better quantification of antibiotic exposure are needed in the future.展开更多
AIM To systematically review the literature on women with both diabetes in pregnancy(DIP) and depression during or after pregnancy. METHODS In this systematic literature review, PubM ed/MEDLINE and EMBASE were searche...AIM To systematically review the literature on women with both diabetes in pregnancy(DIP) and depression during or after pregnancy. METHODS In this systematic literature review, PubM ed/MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched(13 November 2015) using terms for diabetes(type 1, type 2, or gestational), depression, and pregnancy(no language or date restrictions). Publications that reported on women who had both DIP(any type) and depression or depressive symptoms before, during, or within one year after pregnancy were considered for inclusion. All study types were eligible for inclusion; conference abstracts, narrative reviews, nonclinical letters, editorials, and commentaries were excluded, unless they provided treatment guidance.RESULTS Of 1189 articles identified, 48 articles describing women with both DIP and depression were included(sample sizes 36 to > 32 million). Overall study quality was poor; most studies were observational, and only 12 studies(mostly retrospective database studies) required clinical depression diagnosis. The prevalence of concurrent DIP(any type) and depression in general populations of pregnant women ranged from 0% to 1.6%(median 0.61%; 12 studies). The prevalence of depression among women with gestational diabetes ranged from 4.1% to 80%(median 14.7%; 16 studies). Many studies examined whether DIP was a risk factor for depression or depression was a risk factor for DIP. However, there was no clear consensus for either relationship. Importantly, we found limited guidance on the management of women with both DIP and depression. CONCLUSION Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes and depression, high-quality research and specific guidance for management of pregnant women with both conditions are warranted.展开更多
Postnatal growth retardation(PGR)frequently occurs during early postnatal development of piglets and induces high mortality.To date,the mechanism of PGR remains poorly understood.Adipose tissue-derived microbes have b...Postnatal growth retardation(PGR)frequently occurs during early postnatal development of piglets and induces high mortality.To date,the mechanism of PGR remains poorly understood.Adipose tissue-derived microbes have been documented to be associated with several disorders of metabolism and body growth.However,the connection between microbial disturbance of adipose tissue and pig PGR remains unclear.Here,we investigated piglets with PGR and found that the adipose tissue of PGR piglets was charac-terized by metabolism impairment,adipose abnormality,and specific enrichment of culturable bacteria from Proteobacteria.Gavage of Sphingomonas paucimobilis,a species of Sphingomonas genus from the alphaproteobacteria,induced PGR in piglets.Moreover,this bacterium could also lead to metabolic disorders and susceptibility to acute stress,resulting in weight loss in mice.Mechanistically,multi-omics analysis indicated the changes in lipid metabolism as a response of adipose tissue to abnormal microbial composition.Further experimental tests proved that one of the altered lipids phosphatidylethanolamines could rescue the metabolism disorder and growth retardation,thereby suppressing the amount of Sphingomonas in the adipose tissue.Together,these results highlight that the microbe–host crosstalk may regulate the metabolic function of adipose tissue in response to PGR.展开更多
In mammals,the neonatal heart can regenerate upon injury within a short time after birth,while adults lose this ability.Metabolic reprogramming has been demonstrated to be critical for cardiomyocyte proliferation in t...In mammals,the neonatal heart can regenerate upon injury within a short time after birth,while adults lose this ability.Metabolic reprogramming has been demonstrated to be critical for cardiomyocyte proliferation in the neonatal heart.Here,we reveal that cardiac metabolic reprogramming could be regulated by altering global protein lactylation.By performing 4D label-free proteomics and lysine lactylation(Kla)omics analyses in mouse hearts at postnatal days 1,5,and 7,2297 Kla sites from 980 proteins are identified,among which 1262 Kla sites from 409 proteins are quantified.Functional clustering analysis reveals that the proteins with altered Kla sites are mainly involved in metabolic processes.The expression and Kla levels of proteins in glycolysis show a positive correlation while a negative correlation in fatty acid oxidation.Furthermore,we verify the Kla levels of several differentially modified proteins,including ACAT1,ACADL,ACADVL,PFKM,PKM,and NPM1.Overall,our study reports a comprehensive Kla map in the neonatal mouse heart,which will help to understand the regulatory network of metabolic reprogramming and cardiac regeneration.展开更多
目的:系统评价预防或治疗产后尿失禁的盆底肌训练方法,以期为盆底肌训练干预开始时间、训练持续时间提供参考。方法:检索时限为建库至2022年6月,检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、OVID、the Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据...目的:系统评价预防或治疗产后尿失禁的盆底肌训练方法,以期为盆底肌训练干预开始时间、训练持续时间提供参考。方法:检索时限为建库至2022年6月,检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、OVID、the Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库中发表的采取盆底肌训练预防或治疗产后尿失禁的随机对照试验,使用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析,比较产后3个月、产后6个月2个时间节点,干预组和对照组尿失禁发生率的差异,按照干预开始时间(妊娠中晚期和产后)和训练持续时间(≤3个月和>3个月)进行亚组分析。结果:现有证据表明,共纳入9篇文献,涉及盆底肌训练组(干预组)1136例、对照组1115例。Meta分析结果显示:盆底肌训练与常规护理相比,对产后3个月[RR=0.76,95%CI(0.65,0.90),Z=3.25,P=0.001]、产后6个月[RR=0.65,95%CI(0.53,0.80),Z=4.14,P<0.0001]的尿失禁发生率均有改善作用。不同干预开始时间和持续时间亚组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:现有证据表明,孕期及产后进行盆底肌训练能有效改善产后压力性尿失禁发生率,不同时间开始进行训练及持续不同的训练时间对改善产后3个月、6个月尿失禁的效果差异无统计学意义。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31271385)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences of China (Grant No. KSCX2-EW-R-01-04)the National HighTech R&D Program (863 Program, Grant No. 2009AA01A 130) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘Ovary development is a complex process involving numerous genes. A well-developed ovary is essential for females to keep fertility and reproduce offspring. In order to gain a better insight into the molecular mechanisms related to the process of mammalian ovary development, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis on ovaries isolated from infant and adult mice by using next-generation sequencing technology （SOLID）. We identified 15,454 and 16,646 trans- criptionally active genes at the infant and adult stage, respectively. Among these genes, we also identified 7021 differentially expressed genes. Our analysis suggests that, in general, the adult ovary has a higher level of transcriptomic activity. However, it appears that genes related to primordial follicle development, such as those encoding Figla and Nobox, are more active in the infant ovary, whereas expression of genes vital for follicle development, such as Gdj~, Bmp4 and Bmpl5, is upreg- ulated in the adult. These data suggest a dynamic shift in gene expression during ovary development and it is apparent that these changes function to facilitate follicle maturation, when additional func- tional gene studies are considered. Furthermore, our investigation has also revealed several impor- tant functional pathways, such as apoptosis, MAPK and steroid biosynthesis, that appear to be much more active in the adult ovary compared to those of the infant. These findings will provide a solid foundation for future studies on ovary development in mice and other mammals and help to expand our understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events that occur during postnatal ovary development.
基金funded by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education(2004‐2007 project no. 2PO5D2926)
文摘Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of paternal Di‐N‐butyl‐phthalate （DBP） exposure pre‐ and postnatally on F1 generation offspring,and prenatally on F2 generation offspring.Methods Male mice were exposed to either 500 mg/kg or 2 000 mg/kg of DBP for 8 weeks,and mated with non‐exposed females.Three‐quarters of the females were sacrificed a day prior to parturition,and examined for the number of living and dead implantations,and incidence of gross malformations.Pups from the remaining females were assessed for developmental markers,growth parameters,as well as sperm quantity and quality.Results There were no changes in the fertility of parents and in intrauterine development of the offspring.Pups of DBP‐exposed males demonstrated growth‐retardation.Following paternal exposure to 500 mg/kg bw of DBP,there were almost twice the number of males than females born in the F1 generation.F1 generation females had a 2.5‐day delay in vaginal opening.Paternal exposure to 2 000 mg/kg bw of DBP increased the incidence of sperm head malformations in F1 generation males;however,there were no changes in the fertility and viability of foetuses in the F2 generation.Conclusion Paternal DBP exposure may disturb the sex ratio of the offspring,delay female sexual maturation,and deteriorate the sperm quality of F1 generation males.
文摘Klinefelter syndrome （KS） is the set of symptoms that result from the presence of an extra X chromosome in males. Postnatal population-based KS screening will enable timely diagnosis of this common chromosomal disease, providing the opportunity for early intervention and therapy at the time point when they are most effective and may prevent later symptoms or complications. Therefore, through this study, we introduced a simple high-resolution melting （HRM） assay for KS screening and evaluated its clinical sensitivity and specificity in three medical centers using 1373 clinical blood samples. The HRM assay utilized a single primer pair to simultaneously amplify specific regions in zinc finger protein, X-linked （ZFX） and zinc finger protein, Y-linked （ZFY）. In cases of KS, the ratios of ZFX/ZFYare altered compared to those in normal males. As a result, the specific melting profiles differ and can be differentiated during data analysis. This HRM assay displayed high analytical specificity over a wide range of template DNA amounts （5 ng-50 ng） and reproducibility, high resolution for detecting KS mosaicism, and high clinical sensitivity （100%） and specificity （98.1%）. Moreover, the HRM assay was rapid （2 h per run）, inexpensive （0.2 USD per sample）, easy to perform and automatic, and compatible with both whole blood samples and dried blood spots. Therefore, this HRM assay is an ideal postnatal population-based KS screening tool that can be used for different age groups.
文摘Childhood obesity and obesity-related metabolic complications are induced by a high-fat postnatal diet. The lack of a suitable animal model, however, remains a considerable challenge in obesity studies. In the current study, we provided high-fat diet （HFD） to dams during lactation and to pups after weaning. We also developed a novel model of C57BL/6J mouse pups with HFD-induced postnatal obesity. Results showed that feeding with HFD induces fat deposition and obesity in pups. Furthermore, HFD more potently increased the body weight （BW） of male than female pups. HFD-fed female pups were obese, underwent precocious puberty, and showed increased kisspeptin expression in the hypothalamus. However, parental obesity and precocious puberty exerted no synergistic effects on the HFD-induced postnatal weight gain and puberty onset of the pups. Interestingly, some HFD-fed litters with normal BW also exhibited precocious puberty. This finding suggested that diet composition but not BW triggers puberty onset. Our model suggests good construction validity of obesity and precocious puberty. Furthermore, our model can also be used to explore the mutual interactions between diet-induced postnatal childhood obesity and puberty.
文摘The study aimed to determine whether antenatal fear of childbirth (expectation) could predict postnatal fear of childbirth (experience) by taking account of other antenatal psychological variables (anxiety and depression) as well as birth outcomes in Japanese women. A longitudinal observational study was conducted at a clinic in Tokyo, Japan, in 2011. Self-report questionnaires were distributed to 240 Japanese women at 37 gestational weeks (Time 1) and on the second day after delivery (Time 2). Regression analyses by means of structural equation modelling were conducted in both the primiparous and the multiparous group. The models exhibited good fit (chisquare value/degree of freedom = 1.10 - 1.62, comparative fit index = 0.92 - 0.99 and root mean square error of approximation = 0.03 - 0.07). Antenatal fear of childbirth was the most predictive variable of postnatal fear of childbirth in both the primiparous (β = 0.58, p = 0.002) and the multiparous group (β = 0.62, p < 0.001). In conclusion, antenatal fear of childbirth was a significant predictor of postnatal fear of childbirth when other antenatal psychological variables and birth outcomes were taken into account. Pregnant women who are strongly afraid of childbirth need special attention before and after delivery.
文摘In the present study,the effects of postnatal development on the number and distribution of skeletal muscle fibers of different types in hind leg of rat and rabbit were studied.The soleus muscles of rats aged 2 days,2,4,6,8,and 10 weeks (body weight 10,32,95,190,280,and 320 g),and rabbits aged 2 days,2,4,8,12,16,20,and 24 weeks (body weight 100,220,400,750,1 200,1 600,2 100,and 2 500 g) were stained with succinic dehydrogenase.With an image analysis system,the X-Y coordinates of fibers were used to analyze the growth-related changes.The results of present study showed that three types of fibers were found in the soleus muscles of rat and rabbit,i.e.,type Ⅰ (slow oxidative),ⅡX (fast oxidative),and ⅡA (fast oxidative glycolytic).The type Ⅰ fibers were present throughout the muscle that had a uniform distribution and tended to increase in number with aging.Type ⅡX fibers were scattered throughout the muscle and decreased markedly in number with aging.Type ⅡA fibers were located at the central and deep regions,and showed a little or no change in number and distribution with aging.While be of age,type ⅡA and ⅡX fibers became restricted to the superficial region.No type ⅡB fibers were detected.Type ⅡA fibers had the largest diameter,type Ⅰ intermediate and type ⅡX the smallest.Mean cross-sectional area of each type fibers of rabbits was larger than that of rats.The present results indicate that the number and distribution of muscle fibers of different types in hind limb of rat and rabbit change with the process of postnatal growth.
文摘Aim:To determine whether in utero and neonatal exposure to a 60 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) results in spermatotoxicity and reproductive dysfunction in the F1 offspring of rats.Methods:Age-matched, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed continuously (21 h/day) to a 60 Hz EMF at field strengths of 0 (sham control),5,83.3 or 500 μT from day 6 of gestation through to day 21 of lactation.The experimentally generated magnetic field was monitored continuously (uninterrupted monitoring over the period of the study) throughout the study.Results:No exposure-related changes were found in exposed or sham-exposed animals with respect to the anogenital distance,preputial separation,testis weight,testicular histology,sperm count,daily sperm production, sperm motility,sperm morphology and reproductive capacity of F1 offspring.Conclusion:Exposure of Sprague- Dawley rats to a 60 Hz EMF at field strengths of up to 500 μT from day 6 of gestation to day 21 of lactation did not produce any detectable alterations in offspring spermatogenesis and fertility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81601181,81673716(to GZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China,No.1808085J15(to GZ)the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province of China,No.KJ2016A417(to GZ)
文摘Our previous studies showed that the early use of calpain inhibitors reduces calpain activity in multiple brain regions, and that postnatal treatment with calpeptin may lead to cerebellar motor dysfunction. However, it remains unclear whether postnatal calpeptin application affects hippocampus-related behaviors. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were purchased from the Animal Center of Anhui Medical University of China. For the experiments in the adult stage, rats were intraperitoneally injected with calpeptin, 2 mg/kg, once a day, on postnatal days 7–14. Then on postnatal day 60, the Morris water maze test was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory abilities. The open field test was carried out to assess anxiety-like activities. Phalloidin staining was performed to observe synaptic morphology in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was used to count the number of NeuN-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. DiI was applied to label dendritic spines. Calpeptin administration impaired spatial memory, caused anxiety-like behavior in adulthood, reduced the number and area of apical dendritic spines, and decreased actin polymerization in the hippocampus, but did not affect the number of NeuN-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. For the neonatal experiments, neonatal rats were intraperitoneally injected with calpeptin, 2 mg/kg, on postnatal days 7 and 8. Western blot assay was performed to analyze the protein levels of Akt, Erk, p-Akt, p-Erk1/2, Erk1/2, SCOP, PTEN, mTOR, p-mTOR, CREB and p-CREB in the hippocampus. SCOP expression was increased, and the phosphorylation levels of Akt, mTOR and CREB were reduced in the hippocampus. These findings show that calpeptin administration after birth affects synaptic development in neonatal rats by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby perturbing hippocampal function. Therefore, calpeptin administration after birth is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental defects.
基金supported by 1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(Grant no.ZYJC18015,Grant no.ZYGD18011)the Post-Doctor Research Project,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(Grant no.2020HXBH016)+2 种基金the study design,writing of the manuscript,or decision to submit this or future manuscripts for publication.KW is funded by 1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(Grant no.ZYJC18015)funded by 1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(Grant no.ZYGD18011)funded by the Post-Doctor Research Project,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(Grant no.2020HXBH016).
文摘Background Antibiotics are widely prescribed among children and pregnant women,but their safety profile is controversial.This study aimed to summarize and appraise current evidence for the potential impact of antibiotic exposure on pregnancy outcomes and children’s health.Methods PubMed,Embase,Web of Science and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from inception to June 2022.Meta-analyses of any study design comparing the impact of antibiotic exposure with nonexposure among children,pregnant women and prepregnant women on adverse health outcomes of children and pregnancy were retrieved.The quality of evidence was assessed by a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2(AMSTAR2)and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE).Data were reanalyzed,and the credibility of the evidence was determined.Results Out of 2956 studies identified,19 articles with 39 associations were included.Totally 19 of the associations(48.72%)were statistically significant with a P value≤0.05,while only six were supported by highly suggestive evidence.Children with postnatal antibiotic exposure had a higher risk of developing asthma odds ratio(OR):1.95,95%confidence interval(CI):1.76–2.17,wheezing(OR:1.81,95%CI 1.65–1.97)and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis(OR:1.66,95%CI 1.51–1.83),with prediction intervals excluding the nulls.Quality assessed by both AMSTAR2 and GRADE of included meta-analyses were very low in general.Conclusions Antibiotic exposure in early life was associated with children’s long-term health,especially in cases of allergic diseases.Prenatal exposure might also influence children’s health in some aspects but requires more high-quality evidence.Potential adverse effects of antibiotics on pregnancy outcomes were not observed in our study.Studies with higher quality and better quantification of antibiotic exposure are needed in the future.
文摘AIM To systematically review the literature on women with both diabetes in pregnancy(DIP) and depression during or after pregnancy. METHODS In this systematic literature review, PubM ed/MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched(13 November 2015) using terms for diabetes(type 1, type 2, or gestational), depression, and pregnancy(no language or date restrictions). Publications that reported on women who had both DIP(any type) and depression or depressive symptoms before, during, or within one year after pregnancy were considered for inclusion. All study types were eligible for inclusion; conference abstracts, narrative reviews, nonclinical letters, editorials, and commentaries were excluded, unless they provided treatment guidance.RESULTS Of 1189 articles identified, 48 articles describing women with both DIP and depression were included(sample sizes 36 to > 32 million). Overall study quality was poor; most studies were observational, and only 12 studies(mostly retrospective database studies) required clinical depression diagnosis. The prevalence of concurrent DIP(any type) and depression in general populations of pregnant women ranged from 0% to 1.6%(median 0.61%; 12 studies). The prevalence of depression among women with gestational diabetes ranged from 4.1% to 80%(median 14.7%; 16 studies). Many studies examined whether DIP was a risk factor for depression or depression was a risk factor for DIP. However, there was no clear consensus for either relationship. Importantly, we found limited guidance on the management of women with both DIP and depression. CONCLUSION Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes and depression, high-quality research and specific guidance for management of pregnant women with both conditions are warranted.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102561,U20A2054,and 31970003)the Chinese Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662020XXPY01,2662023PY013,and BC2023124)+5 种基金the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-35)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023AFB1052)Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang Project(2023020201020354)the Student Research Funds of Huazhong Agricultural University(2023031)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduate(202210504008)the State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products(2021DG700024-KF202214).
文摘Postnatal growth retardation(PGR)frequently occurs during early postnatal development of piglets and induces high mortality.To date,the mechanism of PGR remains poorly understood.Adipose tissue-derived microbes have been documented to be associated with several disorders of metabolism and body growth.However,the connection between microbial disturbance of adipose tissue and pig PGR remains unclear.Here,we investigated piglets with PGR and found that the adipose tissue of PGR piglets was charac-terized by metabolism impairment,adipose abnormality,and specific enrichment of culturable bacteria from Proteobacteria.Gavage of Sphingomonas paucimobilis,a species of Sphingomonas genus from the alphaproteobacteria,induced PGR in piglets.Moreover,this bacterium could also lead to metabolic disorders and susceptibility to acute stress,resulting in weight loss in mice.Mechanistically,multi-omics analysis indicated the changes in lipid metabolism as a response of adipose tissue to abnormal microbial composition.Further experimental tests proved that one of the altered lipids phosphatidylethanolamines could rescue the metabolism disorder and growth retardation,thereby suppressing the amount of Sphingomonas in the adipose tissue.Together,these results highlight that the microbe–host crosstalk may regulate the metabolic function of adipose tissue in response to PGR.
文摘In mammals,the neonatal heart can regenerate upon injury within a short time after birth,while adults lose this ability.Metabolic reprogramming has been demonstrated to be critical for cardiomyocyte proliferation in the neonatal heart.Here,we reveal that cardiac metabolic reprogramming could be regulated by altering global protein lactylation.By performing 4D label-free proteomics and lysine lactylation(Kla)omics analyses in mouse hearts at postnatal days 1,5,and 7,2297 Kla sites from 980 proteins are identified,among which 1262 Kla sites from 409 proteins are quantified.Functional clustering analysis reveals that the proteins with altered Kla sites are mainly involved in metabolic processes.The expression and Kla levels of proteins in glycolysis show a positive correlation while a negative correlation in fatty acid oxidation.Furthermore,we verify the Kla levels of several differentially modified proteins,including ACAT1,ACADL,ACADVL,PFKM,PKM,and NPM1.Overall,our study reports a comprehensive Kla map in the neonatal mouse heart,which will help to understand the regulatory network of metabolic reprogramming and cardiac regeneration.
