Seasonal changes in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid extracted from the whole body of Cydia pomonella L. larvae were determined by gas chromatography. The six most abundant fatty acids in both non-diapaus...Seasonal changes in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid extracted from the whole body of Cydia pomonella L. larvae were determined by gas chromatography. The six most abundant fatty acids in both non-diapause and diapause larvae of codling moth were oleic （35%-39%）, palmitic （23%-33%）, linoleic （16%-30%）, palmitoleic （5%-10%）, stearic （1.5%-3.0%） and linolenic acids （1.0%-2.5%）. This represents a typical complement of Lepidopteran fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of total lipid of C. pomonella larvae was related to diapause. In similarity to most other reports, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased in diapause initiation state. The total lipid of diapause larvae contained more linoleic acid （25.8% vs. 16.1%） and less palmitic acid （24.7% vs. 33.4%）, than that of non-diapause larvae. The weight percentage of linoleic acid （C 18：2） increased from 16% to 26% from early-August through early-September during transition to diapause, while palmitic acid （C16：0） decreased from 33% to 25% at the same time. These changes resulted in an increase in the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids （UFA/SFA） from 1.72 in non-diapause larvae to 2.63 in diapause larvae.展开更多
Apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella （Walsh） is a major pest causing considerable economic losses of fruits in North America. During the development of international trade, apple maggot fly has become a threat to ...Apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella （Walsh） is a major pest causing considerable economic losses of fruits in North America. During the development of international trade, apple maggot fly has become a threat to Chinese agriculture. In this study, CLIMEX and ArcGIS were used to predict the potential geographical distribution of apple maggot fly in China. The parameters used in CLIMEX for apple maggot fly were derived from ecological data and the present geographical distribution of apple maggot fly in North America. Then the potential distribution map in China was presented based on the adjusted values of these parameters. The results showed that apple maggot fly has a wide potential distribution area in China; 47.5% of 748 meteorological stations presented high or medium suitability of pest establishment. These high suitable stations are mainly located in northeast, southwest and northwest of China, such as Liaoning, Shandong, Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces. These areas are also the central regions of apple, pear and peach production in China. Two hundred and twenty-five stations （30.1%） in westem and southern China, such as Tibet, Qinghai, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Taiwan, were unsuitable for establishment of apple maggot fly populations. In order to prevent the introduction of apple maggot fly in China, the present plant quarantine measures should be enhanced, especially in the areas with high suitability for the presence of apple maggot fly.展开更多
Sex pheromones serve a critical role in Lepidopterans finding mates.Male moths perceive and react to sex pheromones emitted by conspecific females through a delicate pheromone communication system.Pheromone receptors(...Sex pheromones serve a critical role in Lepidopterans finding mates.Male moths perceive and react to sex pheromones emitted by conspecific females through a delicate pheromone communication system.Pheromone receptors(PRs)are the key sensory elements at the beginning of that process.The codling moth(Cydia ponwonella)is an important pome fruit pest globally and a serious invasive species in China.Pheromonebased techniques have been used successfully in monitoring and controlling this species.We conducted ribonucleic acid sequencing analysis of the codling moth antennal transcriptome and identified 66 odorant receptors(ORs)in a population from Xinjiang province,China,of which 14 were PRs,including two novel PRs(CpomOR2e and CpomOR73).Four PRs that contain full-length open reading frames(CpomORl,OR2a,OR5,OR7)and four PRs with ligands that have not been reported previously(CpomORl,OR2a,OR5,OR7)were selected to deorphanize in the heterologous Xenopus oocyte expression system.Specifically,we found that CpomOR2a and CpomOR5 responded to(£,£)-8,10-dodecadien-l-yl acetate(codlemone acetate).Furthermore,CpomOR5(EC50=1.379 x 10-8 mol/L)was much more sensitive to codlemone acetate than CpomOR2a(EC50=1.663×10^(-6) mol/L).Since codlemone acetate is an important component of C.pomonella sex pheromone,our results improve the current understanding of pheromone communication in codling moths and will be helpful for the development of pest management strategies.展开更多
Juvenile hormone esterase(JHE) is a key enzyme for insects,playing an important role in the regulation of insect growth,development,diapause and reproduction.We identified a complete putative JHE of Cydia pomonella(Cp...Juvenile hormone esterase(JHE) is a key enzyme for insects,playing an important role in the regulation of insect growth,development,diapause and reproduction.We identified a complete putative JHE of Cydia pomonella(CpJHE-like) which is comprised of a 1 761 bp coding sequence(CDS) encoding 587 amino acid residues from the transcriptome data.The deduced protein sequence of CpJHE-like showed the highest identity of 60.44% with the Adoxophyes honmai JHE(AhJHE) and the minimal identity of 25.81% with Aedes aegypti JHE(AaJHE).CpJHE-like exhibited all the seven typical motifs of the functional JHEs and had the highly consistent tertiary structure with Manduca sexta JHE(MsJHE).Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CpJHE-like was close to two JHEs from the family Tortricidae.The CpJHE-like transcript level take a leap in the 3-day-old fifth instar larva,increased about 300-fold compared to the basal level.Tissue-specific expression profile showed that the CpJHE-like transcript was expressed mainly in the fat body.This study indicates that the CpJHE-like is the functional JHE,which may play vital roles in the development and reproduction of C.pomonella.展开更多
In order to study morphological diversity of codling moth, Cydia pomonella （L.） using thin-plate spline analysis, nine geographical populations from four north western provinces of Iran namely East Azarbayjan, West ...In order to study morphological diversity of codling moth, Cydia pomonella （L.） using thin-plate spline analysis, nine geographical populations from four north western provinces of Iran namely East Azarbayjan, West Azarbayjan, Ardebil and Zandjan were collected during 2003 and 2004. 575 and 564 images were prepared from fore and hind wings, respectively. Then 15 and 11 landmarks were determined from fore and hind wings, respectively. With transforming of landmark＇s two dimensional coordinate data into partial warp scores, 26 and 18 scores were generated for fore and hind wings, respectively. Cluster analysis based on wing shape variables using Ward＇s algorithm assigned nine geographical populations into two groups. The pattern of grouping based on fore and hind wings was different in both sexes. Principal component analysis revealed discrimination between geographic populations and confirmed the result of cluster analysis. Among environmental parameters, wind speed showed the highest correlation with wing shape variables. Non significant correlation was observed between geographic and morphological distance matrices as revealed by Mantel test.展开更多
The Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) has been used for many years as biological agent for codling moth control in apple orchards. Resistance to the Mexican strain of CpGV was detected in orchards in Germany, France...The Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) has been used for many years as biological agent for codling moth control in apple orchards. Resistance to the Mexican strain of CpGV was detected in orchards in Germany, France and Italy. A laboratory insect colony was started from insects collected in a French resistant orchard. It was named RGV. Various virus isolates were identified as active against this resistant insect colony. Field tests were carried out in 2007 to test if the two virus isolates CpGV-I12 and NPP-R1 were effective in the field. Although these virus isolates were not able to reduce insect caused fruit damages, they significantly reduced the overwintering insect populations. NPP-R1 was subjected to eight passages on RGV larvae (NPP-R1.8) that improved its biological activity on RGV larvae. 2008 field trials were set up to test this improved virus strain, compared to CpGV-I12 and Madex plus active on RGV. These tests confirmed the ability to control both in susceptible and resistant insect populations.展开更多
Cydia pomonella （Linnaeus） is a fruit decay pests attacking apples, pears and other fruits, and it is an important quarantine pests in China. In recent years, the momentum of the eastward aggression of the insect in...Cydia pomonella （Linnaeus） is a fruit decay pests attacking apples, pears and other fruits, and it is an important quarantine pests in China. In recent years, the momentum of the eastward aggression of the insect in our country was more and more serious, and the harm degree was deepening. If Cydia pomonella （Linnaeus） is introduced, fruit production will be significantly affected in Hebei Province. The damage characteristics, morphological characteristics and life habit of Cydia pomonella （Linnaeus） were reviewed, and the control measures were proposed, in order to provide technical support for promoting the sound development of fruit industries in Hebei province.展开更多
文摘Seasonal changes in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid extracted from the whole body of Cydia pomonella L. larvae were determined by gas chromatography. The six most abundant fatty acids in both non-diapause and diapause larvae of codling moth were oleic （35%-39%）, palmitic （23%-33%）, linoleic （16%-30%）, palmitoleic （5%-10%）, stearic （1.5%-3.0%） and linolenic acids （1.0%-2.5%）. This represents a typical complement of Lepidopteran fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of total lipid of C. pomonella larvae was related to diapause. In similarity to most other reports, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased in diapause initiation state. The total lipid of diapause larvae contained more linoleic acid （25.8% vs. 16.1%） and less palmitic acid （24.7% vs. 33.4%）, than that of non-diapause larvae. The weight percentage of linoleic acid （C 18：2） increased from 16% to 26% from early-August through early-September during transition to diapause, while palmitic acid （C16：0） decreased from 33% to 25% at the same time. These changes resulted in an increase in the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids （UFA/SFA） from 1.72 in non-diapause larvae to 2.63 in diapause larvae.
文摘Apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella （Walsh） is a major pest causing considerable economic losses of fruits in North America. During the development of international trade, apple maggot fly has become a threat to Chinese agriculture. In this study, CLIMEX and ArcGIS were used to predict the potential geographical distribution of apple maggot fly in China. The parameters used in CLIMEX for apple maggot fly were derived from ecological data and the present geographical distribution of apple maggot fly in North America. Then the potential distribution map in China was presented based on the adjusted values of these parameters. The results showed that apple maggot fly has a wide potential distribution area in China; 47.5% of 748 meteorological stations presented high or medium suitability of pest establishment. These high suitable stations are mainly located in northeast, southwest and northwest of China, such as Liaoning, Shandong, Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces. These areas are also the central regions of apple, pear and peach production in China. Two hundred and twenty-five stations （30.1%） in westem and southern China, such as Tibet, Qinghai, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Taiwan, were unsuitable for establishment of apple maggot fly populations. In order to prevent the introduction of apple maggot fly in China, the present plant quarantine measures should be enhanced, especially in the areas with high suitability for the presence of apple maggot fly.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672033)China postdoctoral science funding(2017M611069).We thank Mr.Song Cao,Mr.Yipeng Liu,Mr.Shuai Liu and Ms.Sai Zhang for help with the molecular biology experiments.
文摘Sex pheromones serve a critical role in Lepidopterans finding mates.Male moths perceive and react to sex pheromones emitted by conspecific females through a delicate pheromone communication system.Pheromone receptors(PRs)are the key sensory elements at the beginning of that process.The codling moth(Cydia ponwonella)is an important pome fruit pest globally and a serious invasive species in China.Pheromonebased techniques have been used successfully in monitoring and controlling this species.We conducted ribonucleic acid sequencing analysis of the codling moth antennal transcriptome and identified 66 odorant receptors(ORs)in a population from Xinjiang province,China,of which 14 were PRs,including two novel PRs(CpomOR2e and CpomOR73).Four PRs that contain full-length open reading frames(CpomORl,OR2a,OR5,OR7)and four PRs with ligands that have not been reported previously(CpomORl,OR2a,OR5,OR7)were selected to deorphanize in the heterologous Xenopus oocyte expression system.Specifically,we found that CpomOR2a and CpomOR5 responded to(£,£)-8,10-dodecadien-l-yl acetate(codlemone acetate).Furthermore,CpomOR5(EC50=1.379 x 10-8 mol/L)was much more sensitive to codlemone acetate than CpomOR2a(EC50=1.663×10^(-6) mol/L).Since codlemone acetate is an important component of C.pomonella sex pheromone,our results improve the current understanding of pheromone communication in codling moths and will be helpful for the development of pest management strategies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1201200,2017YFC1200600 and 2016YFC1200602)the Basic Research on Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen,China(JCYJ20160530191934833)the Dapeng New District Industrial Development Special Fund of Shenzhen,China(KY20180215)
文摘Juvenile hormone esterase(JHE) is a key enzyme for insects,playing an important role in the regulation of insect growth,development,diapause and reproduction.We identified a complete putative JHE of Cydia pomonella(CpJHE-like) which is comprised of a 1 761 bp coding sequence(CDS) encoding 587 amino acid residues from the transcriptome data.The deduced protein sequence of CpJHE-like showed the highest identity of 60.44% with the Adoxophyes honmai JHE(AhJHE) and the minimal identity of 25.81% with Aedes aegypti JHE(AaJHE).CpJHE-like exhibited all the seven typical motifs of the functional JHEs and had the highly consistent tertiary structure with Manduca sexta JHE(MsJHE).Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CpJHE-like was close to two JHEs from the family Tortricidae.The CpJHE-like transcript level take a leap in the 3-day-old fifth instar larva,increased about 300-fold compared to the basal level.Tissue-specific expression profile showed that the CpJHE-like transcript was expressed mainly in the fat body.This study indicates that the CpJHE-like is the functional JHE,which may play vital roles in the development and reproduction of C.pomonella.
文摘In order to study morphological diversity of codling moth, Cydia pomonella （L.） using thin-plate spline analysis, nine geographical populations from four north western provinces of Iran namely East Azarbayjan, West Azarbayjan, Ardebil and Zandjan were collected during 2003 and 2004. 575 and 564 images were prepared from fore and hind wings, respectively. Then 15 and 11 landmarks were determined from fore and hind wings, respectively. With transforming of landmark＇s two dimensional coordinate data into partial warp scores, 26 and 18 scores were generated for fore and hind wings, respectively. Cluster analysis based on wing shape variables using Ward＇s algorithm assigned nine geographical populations into two groups. The pattern of grouping based on fore and hind wings was different in both sexes. Principal component analysis revealed discrimination between geographic populations and confirmed the result of cluster analysis. Among environmental parameters, wind speed showed the highest correlation with wing shape variables. Non significant correlation was observed between geographic and morphological distance matrices as revealed by Mantel test.
基金supported by the French Research Agency (ANR-06-RIB-003-02) and by NPP
文摘The Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) has been used for many years as biological agent for codling moth control in apple orchards. Resistance to the Mexican strain of CpGV was detected in orchards in Germany, France and Italy. A laboratory insect colony was started from insects collected in a French resistant orchard. It was named RGV. Various virus isolates were identified as active against this resistant insect colony. Field tests were carried out in 2007 to test if the two virus isolates CpGV-I12 and NPP-R1 were effective in the field. Although these virus isolates were not able to reduce insect caused fruit damages, they significantly reduced the overwintering insect populations. NPP-R1 was subjected to eight passages on RGV larvae (NPP-R1.8) that improved its biological activity on RGV larvae. 2008 field trials were set up to test this improved virus strain, compared to CpGV-I12 and Madex plus active on RGV. These tests confirmed the ability to control both in susceptible and resistant insect populations.
文摘Cydia pomonella （Linnaeus） is a fruit decay pests attacking apples, pears and other fruits, and it is an important quarantine pests in China. In recent years, the momentum of the eastward aggression of the insect in our country was more and more serious, and the harm degree was deepening. If Cydia pomonella （Linnaeus） is introduced, fruit production will be significantly affected in Hebei Province. The damage characteristics, morphological characteristics and life habit of Cydia pomonella （Linnaeus） were reviewed, and the control measures were proposed, in order to provide technical support for promoting the sound development of fruit industries in Hebei province.
