采用8个PEG渗透势梯度模拟干旱胁迫,探讨了松嫩草地8种豆科牧草种子萌发期抗旱性的差异。结果表明:紫花苜蓿、扁蓿豆、兴安胡枝子、细叶胡枝子和黄花草木樨5种小粒种子的发芽率、发芽势和活力指数等指标,在溶液渗透势下降到-0.6 M Pa后...采用8个PEG渗透势梯度模拟干旱胁迫,探讨了松嫩草地8种豆科牧草种子萌发期抗旱性的差异。结果表明:紫花苜蓿、扁蓿豆、兴安胡枝子、细叶胡枝子和黄花草木樨5种小粒种子的发芽率、发芽势和活力指数等指标,在溶液渗透势下降到-0.6 M Pa后迅速下降,当渗透势下降到-0.8 M Pa时,各项指标为0;而五脉山黧豆、多茎野豌豆和山野豌豆3种大粒种子则在溶液渗透势下降到-0.3M Pa时指标显著下降,下降到-0.6M Pa时下降到0。小粒种子的抗旱性明显好于大粒种子。在较低的溶液渗透势范围内,PEG有提高种子活力指数和促进幼苗生长的现象,是因为PEG对种子有引发作用,增强了种子的活性所致;PEG处理抑制胚芽生长,是幼苗调节营养分配以适应不良环境的结果。展开更多
Bowel preparation is a core issue in colonoscopy,as it is closely related to the quality of the procedure.Patients often find that bowel preparation is the most unpleasant part of the examination.It is widely accepted...Bowel preparation is a core issue in colonoscopy,as it is closely related to the quality of the procedure.Patients often find that bowel preparation is the most unpleasant part of the examination.It is widely accepted that the quality of cleansing must be excellent to facilitate detecting neoplastic lesions.In spite of its importance and potential implications,until recently,bowel preparation has not been the subject of much study.The most commonly used agents are high-volume polyethylene glycol(PEG)electrolyte solution and sodium phosphate.There has been some confusion,even in published meta-analyses,regarding which of the two agents provides better cleansing.It is clear now that both PEG and sodium phosphate are effectivewhen administered with proper timing.Consequently,the timing of administration is recognized as one of the central factors to the quality of cleansing.The bowel preparation agent should be administered,at least in part,a few hours in advance of the colonoscopy.Several low volume agents are available,and either new or modified schedules with PEG that usually improve tolerance.Certain adjuvants can also be used to reduce the volume of PEG,or to improve the efficacy of other agents.Other factors apart from the choice of agent can improve the quality of bowel cleansing.For instance,the effect of diet before colonoscopy has not been completely clarified,but an exclusively liquid diet is probably not required,and a low-fiber diet may be preferable because it improves patient satisfaction and the quality of the procedure.Some patients,such as diabetics and persons with heart or kidney disease,require modified procedures and certain precautions.Bowel preparation for pediatric patients is also reviewed here.In such cases,PEG remains the most commonly used agent.As detecting neoplasia is not the main objective with these patients,less intensive preparation may suffice.Special considerations must be made for patients with inflammatory bowel disease,including safety and diagnostic issues,so that the most a展开更多
文摘采用8个PEG渗透势梯度模拟干旱胁迫,探讨了松嫩草地8种豆科牧草种子萌发期抗旱性的差异。结果表明:紫花苜蓿、扁蓿豆、兴安胡枝子、细叶胡枝子和黄花草木樨5种小粒种子的发芽率、发芽势和活力指数等指标,在溶液渗透势下降到-0.6 M Pa后迅速下降,当渗透势下降到-0.8 M Pa时,各项指标为0;而五脉山黧豆、多茎野豌豆和山野豌豆3种大粒种子则在溶液渗透势下降到-0.3M Pa时指标显著下降,下降到-0.6M Pa时下降到0。小粒种子的抗旱性明显好于大粒种子。在较低的溶液渗透势范围内,PEG有提高种子活力指数和促进幼苗生长的现象,是因为PEG对种子有引发作用,增强了种子的活性所致;PEG处理抑制胚芽生长,是幼苗调节营养分配以适应不良环境的结果。
文摘Bowel preparation is a core issue in colonoscopy,as it is closely related to the quality of the procedure.Patients often find that bowel preparation is the most unpleasant part of the examination.It is widely accepted that the quality of cleansing must be excellent to facilitate detecting neoplastic lesions.In spite of its importance and potential implications,until recently,bowel preparation has not been the subject of much study.The most commonly used agents are high-volume polyethylene glycol(PEG)electrolyte solution and sodium phosphate.There has been some confusion,even in published meta-analyses,regarding which of the two agents provides better cleansing.It is clear now that both PEG and sodium phosphate are effectivewhen administered with proper timing.Consequently,the timing of administration is recognized as one of the central factors to the quality of cleansing.The bowel preparation agent should be administered,at least in part,a few hours in advance of the colonoscopy.Several low volume agents are available,and either new or modified schedules with PEG that usually improve tolerance.Certain adjuvants can also be used to reduce the volume of PEG,or to improve the efficacy of other agents.Other factors apart from the choice of agent can improve the quality of bowel cleansing.For instance,the effect of diet before colonoscopy has not been completely clarified,but an exclusively liquid diet is probably not required,and a low-fiber diet may be preferable because it improves patient satisfaction and the quality of the procedure.Some patients,such as diabetics and persons with heart or kidney disease,require modified procedures and certain precautions.Bowel preparation for pediatric patients is also reviewed here.In such cases,PEG remains the most commonly used agent.As detecting neoplasia is not the main objective with these patients,less intensive preparation may suffice.Special considerations must be made for patients with inflammatory bowel disease,including safety and diagnostic issues,so that the most a
