This paper studies the trauma narrative of Toni Morrison's novel, A Mercy(2008), using a cognitive narratological framework. The authors, in this paper, describe the response the novel elicits from the reader. And...This paper studies the trauma narrative of Toni Morrison's novel, A Mercy(2008), using a cognitive narratological framework. The authors, in this paper, describe the response the novel elicits from the reader. And the paper argues that multiple focalization, polychronic narration, and representation of inconsistent information enable Morrison to depict effectively the devastating effects of trauma—whether sexual, socioeconomic, or racial—on individual personality. Various characters of multi-ethnic origins narrate the novel and certain events are told repeatedly from different vantage points. Thus, the narrative calls forth continuous efforts on the part of the reader to process the complex and bewildering information emerging from the novel's storyworld. A cognitive approach to the study of the novel provides an understanding of the behavior of the traumatized and the impact of slavery on black people's consciousness and identity. Moreover, the approach gives insight into the manner in which the narrative engages the readers cognitively in such a way that it enables their comprehension of the relationship between individual trauma and social forces of injustice and oppression.展开更多
Informal time system refers to the assumption that cultures make about how time should be used or experienced. In this essay, three related aspects of informal time system are discussed, i.e. monochronic time system v...Informal time system refers to the assumption that cultures make about how time should be used or experienced. In this essay, three related aspects of informal time system are discussed, i.e. monochronic time system vs. polychronic time system, sequence of events and interval between events. Different cultures are compared with respect to the three aspects. The differences in the three aspects and the impacts on intercultural communication have been highlighted in each part.展开更多
This paper investigates how state diagrams can be best represented in the polychronous model of computation (MoC) and proposes to use this model for code validation of behavior specifications in architecture analysis ...This paper investigates how state diagrams can be best represented in the polychronous model of computation (MoC) and proposes to use this model for code validation of behavior specifications in architecture analysis & design language (AADL). In this relational MoC, the basic objects are signals, which are related through dataflow equations. Signals are associated with logical clocks, which provide the capability to describe systems in which components obey multiple clock rates. We propose a model of finite-state automata, called polychronous automata, which is based on clock relationships. A specificity of this model is that an automaton is submitted to clock constraints, which allows one to specify a wide range of control-related configurations, being either reactive or restrictive with respect to their control environment. A semantic model is defined for these polychronous automata, which relies on boolean algebra of clocks. Based on a previously defined modeling method for AADL software architectures using the polychronous MoC, the proposed model is used as a formal model for the AADL behavior annex. This is illustrated with a case study involving an adaptive cruise control system.展开更多
The perceptions of time are influenced by different cultural background. American understanding of time is typical of western countries. This paper introduces and explains American cultural pattern, thus avoiding from...The perceptions of time are influenced by different cultural background. American understanding of time is typical of western countries. This paper introduces and explains American cultural pattern, thus avoiding from happening unpleasant things in the process of cross-cultural communication.展开更多
文摘This paper studies the trauma narrative of Toni Morrison's novel, A Mercy(2008), using a cognitive narratological framework. The authors, in this paper, describe the response the novel elicits from the reader. And the paper argues that multiple focalization, polychronic narration, and representation of inconsistent information enable Morrison to depict effectively the devastating effects of trauma—whether sexual, socioeconomic, or racial—on individual personality. Various characters of multi-ethnic origins narrate the novel and certain events are told repeatedly from different vantage points. Thus, the narrative calls forth continuous efforts on the part of the reader to process the complex and bewildering information emerging from the novel's storyworld. A cognitive approach to the study of the novel provides an understanding of the behavior of the traumatized and the impact of slavery on black people's consciousness and identity. Moreover, the approach gives insight into the manner in which the narrative engages the readers cognitively in such a way that it enables their comprehension of the relationship between individual trauma and social forces of injustice and oppression.
文摘Informal time system refers to the assumption that cultures make about how time should be used or experienced. In this essay, three related aspects of informal time system are discussed, i.e. monochronic time system vs. polychronic time system, sequence of events and interval between events. Different cultures are compared with respect to the three aspects. The differences in the three aspects and the impacts on intercultural communication have been highlighted in each part.
基金Nankai University and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61672074).
文摘This paper investigates how state diagrams can be best represented in the polychronous model of computation (MoC) and proposes to use this model for code validation of behavior specifications in architecture analysis & design language (AADL). In this relational MoC, the basic objects are signals, which are related through dataflow equations. Signals are associated with logical clocks, which provide the capability to describe systems in which components obey multiple clock rates. We propose a model of finite-state automata, called polychronous automata, which is based on clock relationships. A specificity of this model is that an automaton is submitted to clock constraints, which allows one to specify a wide range of control-related configurations, being either reactive or restrictive with respect to their control environment. A semantic model is defined for these polychronous automata, which relies on boolean algebra of clocks. Based on a previously defined modeling method for AADL software architectures using the polychronous MoC, the proposed model is used as a formal model for the AADL behavior annex. This is illustrated with a case study involving an adaptive cruise control system.
文摘The perceptions of time are influenced by different cultural background. American understanding of time is typical of western countries. This paper introduces and explains American cultural pattern, thus avoiding from happening unpleasant things in the process of cross-cultural communication.
