为深入了解高压绝缘子污秽的组成和带电清洗剂对高压绝缘子表面污秽的去除机理,对高压绝缘子表面污秽进行了扫描电镜、红外光谱、x-射线衍射、x-射线荧光光谱和离子色谱分析,用接触角法研究了污秽粘附于绝缘子表面的作用力,测定了带电...为深入了解高压绝缘子污秽的组成和带电清洗剂对高压绝缘子表面污秽的去除机理,对高压绝缘子表面污秽进行了扫描电镜、红外光谱、x-射线衍射、x-射线荧光光谱和离子色谱分析,用接触角法研究了污秽粘附于绝缘子表面的作用力,测定了带电清洗剂和高压绝缘子的表面张力(γ);通过杨氏和表面能方程,分别计算出粘附功Wa、铺展系数Sw/s和浸湿功Wi。研究结果表明,污秽与绝缘子表面之间为van der Waals引力,无氢键形成。带电清洗剂表面张力较小,Wa>Wi>Sw/s≥0,表明带电清洗剂能在被污染的绝缘子表面自发浸湿和铺展。在带电清洗剂的作用下,减小了污秽与绝缘子表面的van der Waals结合力,使污秽从绝缘子表面脱附下来。该研究对开发新的绝缘子带电清洗剂提供了实验与理论依据。展开更多
A 1.2 m snow pit was recovered on July 29th, 2009 from the Bogda Glacier, eastern Tianshan （天山）. The sample site temperature of -9.6 12 indicates that the unique glaciochemical re- cord was well preserved and suit...A 1.2 m snow pit was recovered on July 29th, 2009 from the Bogda Glacier, eastern Tianshan （天山）. The sample site temperature of -9.6 12 indicates that the unique glaciochemical re- cord was well preserved and suitable for the reconstruction of air pollution levels in this previously un- explored region. Samples were analyzed for major ions （Na＋, K＋, Ca2＋, Mg2＋, NH4＋, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, HCOO＇, and CHaCOO）. NO3 and SO42were characterized by significant high levels of pollution con- centration. Most air masses backward trajectories ending in December 2008 have passed the Urumqi City center, while some even traveled across the primary nuclear weapons testing venue of the former Soviet Union （STS）. The mean pH value of snow samples is coincident with the average value of Urumqi＇s aerosol, and the ratio of [NO3-]/[SO42-] in the snow pit generally agrees with the value of the Urumqi winter aerosols. In addition, the [HCOO]/[CH3COO] ratio of snow samples is only 0.7, lower than unity. These analyses indicate that SO42 and NO3in the Bogda Glacier are the result of anthropo- genic pollutions.展开更多
绝缘子自然积污特性研究对架空输电线路的外绝缘配置具有重要意义。为研究特高压直流输电线路积污特性,准确设计线路绝缘配置。笔者通过对±800 k V楚穗直流输电线路沿线绝缘子串进行人工污秽取样分析,结合线路沿线的气候特征及污染...绝缘子自然积污特性研究对架空输电线路的外绝缘配置具有重要意义。为研究特高压直流输电线路积污特性,准确设计线路绝缘配置。笔者通过对±800 k V楚穗直流输电线路沿线绝缘子串进行人工污秽取样分析,结合线路沿线的气候特征及污染源,研究气象条件、污染源以及材质对外绝缘积污的影响。研究表明,特高压直流线路绝缘子积污受大气环境与污染源的影响;复合绝缘子表面污秽度远大于玻璃和陶瓷绝缘子。展开更多
As the biggest agricultural country, China has an abundant rice straw energy resource. The characteristics of typical china rice straws are presented as high moisture contents, high volatile contents, high ash content...As the biggest agricultural country, China has an abundant rice straw energy resource. The characteristics of typical china rice straws are presented as high moisture contents, high volatile contents, high ash contents and low bulk density. At present, rice straw is mainly used as fuel, feedstuff, fertilizer and industrial raw material. With improved living conditions in rural areas, farmers tend to rely more on commercial fuel, which leads to even more open field burning of rice straw, and brings air pollutions and potential energy waste as well. The Chinese government is studying relevant policies on acceleration of comprehensive utilization of rice straw with the goal of utilization rate exceeding 80% in 2015. In this paper, focus is on the combustion of rice straw to extract energy, and related challenges face to china is put forward in this paper also.展开更多
To overcome the ever-growing organic pollutions in the water system,abundant efforts have been dedicated to fabricating efficient Fenton-like carbon catalysts.However,the rational design of carbon catalysts with high ...To overcome the ever-growing organic pollutions in the water system,abundant efforts have been dedicated to fabricating efficient Fenton-like carbon catalysts.However,the rational design of carbon catalysts with high intrinsic activity remains a long-term goal.Herein,we report a new N-molecule-assisted self-catalytic carbonization process in augmenting the intrinsic Fenton-like activity of metal-organic-framework-derived carbon hybrids.During carbonization,the N-molecules provide alkane/ammonia gases and the formed iron nanocrystals act as the in situ catalysts,which result in the elaborated formation of carbon nanotubes(in situ chemical vapor deposition from alkane/iron catalysts)and micro-/meso-porous structures(ammonia gas etching).The obtained catalysts exhibited with abundant Fe/Fe-Nx/pyridinic-N active species,micro-/meso-porous structures,and conductive carbon nanotubes.Consequently,the catalysts exhibit high efficiency toward the degradation of different organic pollutions,such as bisphenol A,methylene blue,and tetracycline.This study not only creates a new pathway for achieving highly active Fenton-like carbon catalysts but also takes a step toward the customized production of advanced carbon hybrids for diverse energy and environmental applications.展开更多
As the main external pollution source of lake,nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural non-point source make a great contribution to the lake eutrophication pollution.Wetland lakefront zone which plays a key role in ...As the main external pollution source of lake,nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural non-point source make a great contribution to the lake eutrophication pollution.Wetland lakefront zone which plays a key role in externally agricultural non-point source pollution is considered as the biggest barrier for controlling external pollution.In this research,the Jian lake plateau Zizania latifolia wetland lakefront zone was selected for agricultural non-point source pollutions control with the systematic field research,and the lakefront zone was approved to have an effective purification effect on nitrogen and phosphorus from Jinlong River; the theoretical mechanism of lakefront zone removing nutrient was also investigated.Z.latifolia wetland lakefront zone could remove nitrogen and phosphorus from Jinlong River and the removal ratio can reach 55.8-62.52% and 59.47-69.81% respectively.So,we can indicate that the Jian Lake plateau Z.latifolia wetland lakefront zone had a good effect on controlling agricultural non-point source pollution and protecting the environment.展开更多
文摘为深入了解高压绝缘子污秽的组成和带电清洗剂对高压绝缘子表面污秽的去除机理,对高压绝缘子表面污秽进行了扫描电镜、红外光谱、x-射线衍射、x-射线荧光光谱和离子色谱分析,用接触角法研究了污秽粘附于绝缘子表面的作用力,测定了带电清洗剂和高压绝缘子的表面张力(γ);通过杨氏和表面能方程,分别计算出粘附功Wa、铺展系数Sw/s和浸湿功Wi。研究结果表明,污秽与绝缘子表面之间为van der Waals引力,无氢键形成。带电清洗剂表面张力较小,Wa>Wi>Sw/s≥0,表明带电清洗剂能在被污染的绝缘子表面自发浸湿和铺展。在带电清洗剂的作用下,减小了污秽与绝缘子表面的van der Waals结合力,使污秽从绝缘子表面脱附下来。该研究对开发新的绝缘子带电清洗剂提供了实验与理论依据。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB951003)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-EW-311)+1 种基金the program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-10-0019)the Fund of SKLCS (No. SKLCS-ZZ-2010-04)
文摘A 1.2 m snow pit was recovered on July 29th, 2009 from the Bogda Glacier, eastern Tianshan （天山）. The sample site temperature of -9.6 12 indicates that the unique glaciochemical re- cord was well preserved and suitable for the reconstruction of air pollution levels in this previously un- explored region. Samples were analyzed for major ions （Na＋, K＋, Ca2＋, Mg2＋, NH4＋, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, HCOO＇, and CHaCOO）. NO3 and SO42were characterized by significant high levels of pollution con- centration. Most air masses backward trajectories ending in December 2008 have passed the Urumqi City center, while some even traveled across the primary nuclear weapons testing venue of the former Soviet Union （STS）. The mean pH value of snow samples is coincident with the average value of Urumqi＇s aerosol, and the ratio of [NO3-]/[SO42-] in the snow pit generally agrees with the value of the Urumqi winter aerosols. In addition, the [HCOO]/[CH3COO] ratio of snow samples is only 0.7, lower than unity. These analyses indicate that SO42 and NO3in the Bogda Glacier are the result of anthropo- genic pollutions.
文摘绝缘子自然积污特性研究对架空输电线路的外绝缘配置具有重要意义。为研究特高压直流输电线路积污特性,准确设计线路绝缘配置。笔者通过对±800 k V楚穗直流输电线路沿线绝缘子串进行人工污秽取样分析,结合线路沿线的气候特征及污染源,研究气象条件、污染源以及材质对外绝缘积污的影响。研究表明,特高压直流线路绝缘子积污受大气环境与污染源的影响;复合绝缘子表面污秽度远大于玻璃和陶瓷绝缘子。
文摘As the biggest agricultural country, China has an abundant rice straw energy resource. The characteristics of typical china rice straws are presented as high moisture contents, high volatile contents, high ash contents and low bulk density. At present, rice straw is mainly used as fuel, feedstuff, fertilizer and industrial raw material. With improved living conditions in rural areas, farmers tend to rely more on commercial fuel, which leads to even more open field burning of rice straw, and brings air pollutions and potential energy waste as well. The Chinese government is studying relevant policies on acceleration of comprehensive utilization of rice straw with the goal of utilization rate exceeding 80% in 2015. In this paper, focus is on the combustion of rice straw to extract energy, and related challenges face to china is put forward in this paper also.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0110600 and 2019YFA0110601)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51603134,51903178,51803134,and 51703141)+1 种基金Sichuan Province’s Science and Technology Planning Project(No.2016GZ0350)the Postgraduate Course Construction Project of Sichuan University(No.2017KCSJ036)and for their financial support.
文摘To overcome the ever-growing organic pollutions in the water system,abundant efforts have been dedicated to fabricating efficient Fenton-like carbon catalysts.However,the rational design of carbon catalysts with high intrinsic activity remains a long-term goal.Herein,we report a new N-molecule-assisted self-catalytic carbonization process in augmenting the intrinsic Fenton-like activity of metal-organic-framework-derived carbon hybrids.During carbonization,the N-molecules provide alkane/ammonia gases and the formed iron nanocrystals act as the in situ catalysts,which result in the elaborated formation of carbon nanotubes(in situ chemical vapor deposition from alkane/iron catalysts)and micro-/meso-porous structures(ammonia gas etching).The obtained catalysts exhibited with abundant Fe/Fe-Nx/pyridinic-N active species,micro-/meso-porous structures,and conductive carbon nanotubes.Consequently,the catalysts exhibit high efficiency toward the degradation of different organic pollutions,such as bisphenol A,methylene blue,and tetracycline.This study not only creates a new pathway for achieving highly active Fenton-like carbon catalysts but also takes a step toward the customized production of advanced carbon hybrids for diverse energy and environmental applications.
基金Supported by National Key Basic Research Development Plan(973) Early Special Item(2008CB41720)Yunnan Application Basic Research Apparent Project (2009ZC083M)+1 种基金Yunnan Technological Plan Project (2008CA006)Apparent Fund Project of South West Forestry University (200804M)~~
文摘As the main external pollution source of lake,nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural non-point source make a great contribution to the lake eutrophication pollution.Wetland lakefront zone which plays a key role in externally agricultural non-point source pollution is considered as the biggest barrier for controlling external pollution.In this research,the Jian lake plateau Zizania latifolia wetland lakefront zone was selected for agricultural non-point source pollutions control with the systematic field research,and the lakefront zone was approved to have an effective purification effect on nitrogen and phosphorus from Jinlong River; the theoretical mechanism of lakefront zone removing nutrient was also investigated.Z.latifolia wetland lakefront zone could remove nitrogen and phosphorus from Jinlong River and the removal ratio can reach 55.8-62.52% and 59.47-69.81% respectively.So,we can indicate that the Jian Lake plateau Z.latifolia wetland lakefront zone had a good effect on controlling agricultural non-point source pollution and protecting the environment.
