为获得大面积射流等离子体,建立了大气压Ar气中1维等离子体射流阵列产生装置。通过电压电流波形、发光图像以及发射光谱等手段诊断了其放电特性,研究了外加电压幅值、气体流速和电源频率等对射流阵列产生的影响,得到了阵列最优工作条件...为获得大面积射流等离子体,建立了大气压Ar气中1维等离子体射流阵列产生装置。通过电压电流波形、发光图像以及发射光谱等手段诊断了其放电特性,研究了外加电压幅值、气体流速和电源频率等对射流阵列产生的影响,得到了阵列最优工作条件,并获得此条件下阵列的放电功率和传输电荷和活性粒子等参数,进而分析了放电的排斥和耦合机制。发光图像拍摄的结果表明:外加电压幅值为8.5 k V,气体体积流量为20 L/min,电源频率20 k Hz时,射流阵列等离子体喷出管口最长,各管间排斥作用和耦合作用最小,放电最强烈,此时放电功率为101.85 W,传输电荷为1 716 n C。阵列中各管间彼此存在Coulomb力和Lorentz力,出现一定偏移是这2个力综合作用的结果。展开更多
Several promising plasma biomarker proteins,such as amyloid-β(Aβ),tau,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein,are widely used for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.However,little is k...Several promising plasma biomarker proteins,such as amyloid-β(Aβ),tau,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein,are widely used for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.However,little is known about the long-term stability of these biomarker proteins in plasma samples stored at-80°C.We aimed to explore how storage time would affect the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers using a large cohort.Plasma samples from 229 cognitively unimpaired individuals,encompassing healthy controls and those experiencing subjective cognitive decline,as well as 99 patients with cognitive impairment,comprising those with mild cognitive impairment and dementia,were acquired from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline project.These samples were stored at-80°C for up to 6 years before being used in this study.Our results showed that plasma levels of Aβ42,Aβ40,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein were not significantly correlated with sample storage time.However,the level of total tau showed a negative correlation with sample storage time.Notably,in individuals without cognitive impairment,plasma levels of total protein and tau phosphorylated protein threonine 181(p-tau181)also showed a negative correlation with sample storage time.This was not observed in individuals with cognitive impairment.Consequently,we speculate that the diagnostic accuracy of plasma p-tau181 and the p-tau181 to total tau ratio may be influenced by sample storage time.Therefore,caution is advised when using these plasma biomarkers for the identification of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease.Furthermore,in cohort studies,it is important to consider the impact of storage time on the overall results.展开更多
Atmospheric pressure plasma jet(APPJ)arrays have shown a potential in a wide range of applications ranging from material processing to biomedicine.In these applications,targets with complex three-dimensional structure...Atmospheric pressure plasma jet(APPJ)arrays have shown a potential in a wide range of applications ranging from material processing to biomedicine.In these applications,targets with complex three-dimensional structures often easily affect plasma uniformity.However,the uniformity is usually crucially important in application areas such as biomedicine,etc.In this work,the flow and electric field collaborative modulations are used to improve the uniformity of the plasma downstream.Taking a two-dimensional sloped metallic substrate with a 10°inclined angle as an example,the influences of both flow and electric field on the electron and typical active species distributions downstream are studied based on a multi-field coupling model.The electric and flow fields modulations are first separately applied to test the influence.Results show that the electric field modulation has an obvious improvement on the uniformity of plasma while the flow field modulation effect is limited.Based on such outputs,a collaborative modulation of both fields is then applied,and shows a much better effect on the uniformity.To make further advances,a basic strategy of uniformity improvement is thus acquired.To achieve the goal,an artificial neural network method with reasonable accuracy is then used to predict the correlation between plasma processing parameters and downstream uniformity properties for further improvement of the plasma uniformity.An optional scheme taking advantage of the flexibility of APPJ arrays is then developed for practical demands.展开更多
In order to form an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet without airflow, a needle–ring electrode structure is proposed in this paper. When heteropolar potentials are applied to a needle and a ring, a marked electric fiel...In order to form an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet without airflow, a needle–ring electrode structure is proposed in this paper. When heteropolar potentials are applied to a needle and a ring, a marked electric field strength enhancement around the needle’s pointed end has been found. When the same potential is applied to both the needle and the ring, the lateral electric field strength for the needle can be weakened. By using the above two methods, an increase of the difference between the pointed end electric field strength and the lateral one is achieved and stable plasma jets are formed. A symmetrical space electric field distribution is established at the pointed end of the needles when several sets of heteropolar needle–ring electrodes are uniformly arranged, which is conducive to forming a uniform array plasma jet. Under DC discharge conditions, a safe and stable plasma jet of high density and an array plasma jet are successfully achieved.展开更多
A highly charged manned spacecraft threatens the life of an astronaut and extravehicular activity, which can be effectively reduced by controlling the spacecraft surface charging. In this article, the controlling of s...A highly charged manned spacecraft threatens the life of an astronaut and extravehicular activity, which can be effectively reduced by controlling the spacecraft surface charging. In this article, the controlling of surface charging on Chinese Space Station （CSS） is investigated, and a method to reduce the negative potential to the CSS is the emission electron with a hollow cathode plasma eontactor. The analysis is obtained that the high voltage （HV） solar array of the CSS collecting electron current can reach 4.5 A, which can be eliminated by emitting an adequate electron current on the CSS. The theoretical analysis and experimental results are addressed, when the minimum xenon flow rate of the hollow cathode is 4.0 sccm, the emission electron current can neutralize the collected electron current, which ensures that the potential of the CSS can be controlled in a range of less than 21 V, satisfied with safety voltage. The results can provide a significant reference value to define a flow rate to the potential controlling programme for CSS.展开更多
针对高功率微波对电子设备的安全威胁,设计了一种双层柱状等离子体阵列对高功率微波进行防护。其中单根等离子体柱的直径为25.4 mm,长度为600 mm,等离子体频率与碰撞频率可进行控制。利用搭建的实验测量系统,研究了微波极化方向、等离...针对高功率微波对电子设备的安全威胁,设计了一种双层柱状等离子体阵列对高功率微波进行防护。其中单根等离子体柱的直径为25.4 mm,长度为600 mm,等离子体频率与碰撞频率可进行控制。利用搭建的实验测量系统,研究了微波极化方向、等离子体电子密度、放电单元层数等因素对高功率微波透射衰减的影响。实验结果表明:当高功率微波未激发等离子体产生非线性效应时,TM极化时的防护效果优于TE极化时的防护效果,且能量衰减分别可达20.9 d B和14.7 d B;随等离子体电子密度增大,微波透射功率减小,防护效果增强;由于层间反射作用,双层等离子体对高功率微波的透射衰减远大于单层等离子体衰减值的两倍。展开更多
An investigation was made into the argon plasma jet that expanded in a low-pressure vacuum chamber. The spatial distributions of the parameters of the plasma jet with different supplied powers were measured using a te...An investigation was made into the argon plasma jet that expanded in a low-pressure vacuum chamber. The spatial distributions of the parameters of the plasma jet with different supplied powers were measured using a ten-channel Langmuir probe array. The chemical species in the plasma jet were identified by emission spectroscopy. The electron excitation temperatures at two positions, 10 cm and 50 cm downstream from the nozzle exit were calculated, respectively, by the Boltzmann plot method.展开更多
This paper reports a novel analytic model of this multichannel spark discharge, considering the delay time in the breakdown process, the electric transforming of the discharge channel from a capacitor to a resistor in...This paper reports a novel analytic model of this multichannel spark discharge, considering the delay time in the breakdown process, the electric transforming of the discharge channel from a capacitor to a resistor induced by the air breakdown, and the varying plasma resistance in the discharge process. The good agreement between the experimental and the simulated results validated the accuracy of this model. Based on this model, the influence of the circuit parameters on the maximum discharge channel number（MDCN） is investigated. Both the input voltage amplitude and the breakdown voltage threshold of each discharge channel play a critical role. With the increase of the input voltage and the decrease of the breakdown voltage, the MCDN increases almost linearly. With the increase of the discharge capacitance, the MDCN first rises and then remains almost constant. With the increase of the circuit inductance, the MDCN increases slowly but decreases quickly when the inductance increases over a certain value. There is an optimal value of the capacitor connected to the discharge channel corresponding to the MDCN. Finally, based on these results, to shorten the discharge time, a modified multichannel discharge circuit is developed and validated by the experiment. With only 6-kV input voltage, 31-channels discharge is achieved. The breakdown voltage of each electrode gap is larger than 3 kV. The modified discharge circuit is certain to be widely used in the PSJA flow control field.展开更多
文摘为获得大面积射流等离子体,建立了大气压Ar气中1维等离子体射流阵列产生装置。通过电压电流波形、发光图像以及发射光谱等手段诊断了其放电特性,研究了外加电压幅值、气体流速和电源频率等对射流阵列产生的影响,得到了阵列最优工作条件,并获得此条件下阵列的放电功率和传输电荷和活性粒子等参数,进而分析了放电的排斥和耦合机制。发光图像拍摄的结果表明:外加电压幅值为8.5 k V,气体体积流量为20 L/min,电源频率20 k Hz时,射流阵列等离子体喷出管口最长,各管间排斥作用和耦合作用最小,放电最强烈,此时放电功率为101.85 W,传输电荷为1 716 n C。阵列中各管间彼此存在Coulomb力和Lorentz力,出现一定偏移是这2个力综合作用的结果。
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China,Nos.2021YFC2501205(to YC),2022YFC24069004(to JL)the STI2030-Major Project,Nos.2021ZD0201101(to YC),2022ZD0211800(to YH)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Major International Joint Research Project),No.82020108013(to YH)the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion,No.M-0759(to YH)a grant from Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Beijing Brain Initiative),No.Z201100005520018(to JL)。
文摘Several promising plasma biomarker proteins,such as amyloid-β(Aβ),tau,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein,are widely used for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.However,little is known about the long-term stability of these biomarker proteins in plasma samples stored at-80°C.We aimed to explore how storage time would affect the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers using a large cohort.Plasma samples from 229 cognitively unimpaired individuals,encompassing healthy controls and those experiencing subjective cognitive decline,as well as 99 patients with cognitive impairment,comprising those with mild cognitive impairment and dementia,were acquired from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline project.These samples were stored at-80°C for up to 6 years before being used in this study.Our results showed that plasma levels of Aβ42,Aβ40,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein were not significantly correlated with sample storage time.However,the level of total tau showed a negative correlation with sample storage time.Notably,in individuals without cognitive impairment,plasma levels of total protein and tau phosphorylated protein threonine 181(p-tau181)also showed a negative correlation with sample storage time.This was not observed in individuals with cognitive impairment.Consequently,we speculate that the diagnostic accuracy of plasma p-tau181 and the p-tau181 to total tau ratio may be influenced by sample storage time.Therefore,caution is advised when using these plasma biomarkers for the identification of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease.Furthermore,in cohort studies,it is important to consider the impact of storage time on the overall results.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51577044 and 52022026).
文摘Atmospheric pressure plasma jet(APPJ)arrays have shown a potential in a wide range of applications ranging from material processing to biomedicine.In these applications,targets with complex three-dimensional structures often easily affect plasma uniformity.However,the uniformity is usually crucially important in application areas such as biomedicine,etc.In this work,the flow and electric field collaborative modulations are used to improve the uniformity of the plasma downstream.Taking a two-dimensional sloped metallic substrate with a 10°inclined angle as an example,the influences of both flow and electric field on the electron and typical active species distributions downstream are studied based on a multi-field coupling model.The electric and flow fields modulations are first separately applied to test the influence.Results show that the electric field modulation has an obvious improvement on the uniformity of plasma while the flow field modulation effect is limited.Based on such outputs,a collaborative modulation of both fields is then applied,and shows a much better effect on the uniformity.To make further advances,a basic strategy of uniformity improvement is thus acquired.To achieve the goal,an artificial neural network method with reasonable accuracy is then used to predict the correlation between plasma processing parameters and downstream uniformity properties for further improvement of the plasma uniformity.An optional scheme taking advantage of the flexibility of APPJ arrays is then developed for practical demands.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51577011)
文摘In order to form an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet without airflow, a needle–ring electrode structure is proposed in this paper. When heteropolar potentials are applied to a needle and a ring, a marked electric field strength enhancement around the needle’s pointed end has been found. When the same potential is applied to both the needle and the ring, the lateral electric field strength for the needle can be weakened. By using the above two methods, an increase of the difference between the pointed end electric field strength and the lateral one is achieved and stable plasma jets are formed. A symmetrical space electric field distribution is established at the pointed end of the needles when several sets of heteropolar needle–ring electrodes are uniformly arranged, which is conducive to forming a uniform array plasma jet. Under DC discharge conditions, a safe and stable plasma jet of high density and an array plasma jet are successfully achieved.
文摘A highly charged manned spacecraft threatens the life of an astronaut and extravehicular activity, which can be effectively reduced by controlling the spacecraft surface charging. In this article, the controlling of surface charging on Chinese Space Station （CSS） is investigated, and a method to reduce the negative potential to the CSS is the emission electron with a hollow cathode plasma eontactor. The analysis is obtained that the high voltage （HV） solar array of the CSS collecting electron current can reach 4.5 A, which can be eliminated by emitting an adequate electron current on the CSS. The theoretical analysis and experimental results are addressed, when the minimum xenon flow rate of the hollow cathode is 4.0 sccm, the emission electron current can neutralize the collected electron current, which ensures that the potential of the CSS can be controlled in a range of less than 21 V, satisfied with safety voltage. The results can provide a significant reference value to define a flow rate to the potential controlling programme for CSS.
文摘针对高功率微波对电子设备的安全威胁,设计了一种双层柱状等离子体阵列对高功率微波进行防护。其中单根等离子体柱的直径为25.4 mm,长度为600 mm,等离子体频率与碰撞频率可进行控制。利用搭建的实验测量系统,研究了微波极化方向、等离子体电子密度、放电单元层数等因素对高功率微波透射衰减的影响。实验结果表明:当高功率微波未激发等离子体产生非线性效应时,TM极化时的防护效果优于TE极化时的防护效果,且能量衰减分别可达20.9 d B和14.7 d B;随等离子体电子密度增大,微波透射功率减小,防护效果增强;由于层间反射作用,双层等离子体对高功率微波的透射衰减远大于单层等离子体衰减值的两倍。
文摘An investigation was made into the argon plasma jet that expanded in a low-pressure vacuum chamber. The spatial distributions of the parameters of the plasma jet with different supplied powers were measured using a ten-channel Langmuir probe array. The chemical species in the plasma jet were identified by emission spectroscopy. The electron excitation temperatures at two positions, 10 cm and 50 cm downstream from the nozzle exit were calculated, respectively, by the Boltzmann plot method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51336011,51522606,91541120,51611130198,51407197,and 11472306)Royal Society(Grant No.IE150612)
文摘This paper reports a novel analytic model of this multichannel spark discharge, considering the delay time in the breakdown process, the electric transforming of the discharge channel from a capacitor to a resistor induced by the air breakdown, and the varying plasma resistance in the discharge process. The good agreement between the experimental and the simulated results validated the accuracy of this model. Based on this model, the influence of the circuit parameters on the maximum discharge channel number（MDCN） is investigated. Both the input voltage amplitude and the breakdown voltage threshold of each discharge channel play a critical role. With the increase of the input voltage and the decrease of the breakdown voltage, the MCDN increases almost linearly. With the increase of the discharge capacitance, the MDCN first rises and then remains almost constant. With the increase of the circuit inductance, the MDCN increases slowly but decreases quickly when the inductance increases over a certain value. There is an optimal value of the capacitor connected to the discharge channel corresponding to the MDCN. Finally, based on these results, to shorten the discharge time, a modified multichannel discharge circuit is developed and validated by the experiment. With only 6-kV input voltage, 31-channels discharge is achieved. The breakdown voltage of each electrode gap is larger than 3 kV. The modified discharge circuit is certain to be widely used in the PSJA flow control field.
