Among plant secondary metabolites terpenolds are a structurally most diverse group; they function as phytoalexins In plant direct defense, or as signals In Indirect defense responses which involves herbivores and thei...Among plant secondary metabolites terpenolds are a structurally most diverse group; they function as phytoalexins In plant direct defense, or as signals In Indirect defense responses which involves herbivores and their natural enemies. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the Investigation of the ecological role of plant terpenolds. The biosynthesis pathways of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes Include the synthesis of C5 precursor isopentenyl diphosphate （IPP） and Its allylic isomer dlmethylallyl dlphosphate （DMAPP）, the synthesis of the immediate diphosphate precursors, and the formation of the diverse terpenoids. Terpene synthases （TPSs） play a key role In volatile terpene synthesis. By expression of the TPS genes, significant achievements have been made on metabolic engineering to Increase terpenoid production. This review mainly summarizes the recent research progress In elucidating the ecological role of terpenoids and characterization of the enzymes Involved in the terpenold biosynthesis. Spatial and temporal regulations of terpenoids metabolism are also discussed.展开更多
Plants emit an overabundance of volatile compounds, which act in their producers either as appreciated attractants to lure beneficial animals or as repellent toxins to deter pests in a species-specific and concentrati...Plants emit an overabundance of volatile compounds, which act in their producers either as appreciated attractants to lure beneficial animals or as repellent toxins to deter pests in a species-specific and concentration-dependent manner. Plants have evolved solutions to provide sufficient volatiles without poisoning themselves. Uridine-diphosphate sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases （UGTs） acting on vola-tiles is one important part of this sophisticated system, which balances the levels of bioactive metabolites and prepares them for cellular and long-distance transport and storage but enables the remobilization of disarmed toxins for the benefit of plant protection. This review provides an overview of the research history of glycosidically bound volatiles （GBVs）, a relatively new group of plant secondary metabolites, and discusses the role of UGTs in the production of GBVs for plant protection.展开更多
Plants are rich repository of a large number of chemical compounds collectively referred to as specialized metabolites.These compounds are of importance for adaptive processes including responses against changing abio...Plants are rich repository of a large number of chemical compounds collectively referred to as specialized metabolites.These compounds are of importance for adaptive processes including responses against changing abiotic conditions and interactions with various co-existing organisms.One of the strikingly affirmed functions of these specialized metabolites is their involvement in plants’life-long interactions with complex multi-kingdom microbiomes including both beneficial and harmful microorganisms.Recent developments in genomic and molecular biology tools not only help to generate well-curated information about regulatory and structural components of biosynthetic pathways of plant specialized metabolites but also to create and screen mutant lines defective in their synthesis.In this review,we have comprehensively surveyed the function of these specialized metabolites and discussed recent research findings demonstrating the responses of various microbes on tested mutant lines having defective biosynthesis of particular metabolites.In addition,we attempt to provide key clues about the impact of these metabolites on the assembly of the plant microbiome by summarizing the major findings of recent comparative metagenomic analyses of available mutant lines under customized and natural microbial niches.Subsequently,we delineate benchmark initiatives that aim to engineer or manipulate the biosynthetic pathways to produce specialized metabolites in heterologous systems but also to diversify their immune function.While denoting the function of these metabolites,we also discuss the critical bottlenecks associated with understanding and exploiting their function in improving plant adaptation to the environment.展开更多
Tests of new natural non-polluting regulators of growth Verva （vegetative terpenoids from Abies sibirica） and Larixin （vegetative flavonoids from Larix） on growth, development and productivity of fibre flax are co...Tests of new natural non-polluting regulators of growth Verva （vegetative terpenoids from Abies sibirica） and Larixin （vegetative flavonoids from Larix） on growth, development and productivity of fibre flax are conducted. The level of phytohormones in vegetating plants （IAA, ABA, zeatine and zeatinriboside） is studied. Preparations stimulate germination of seeds and growth of plants. Field experiment fixed yield increase of flax straw and the seeds of flax-fibre with the use of growth regulators. Industrial experiment represents VERVA product effectiveness on yields increase of flax straw, seeds and flax fiber output.展开更多
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （KSCX2-SW-329）, Shanghai Basic Research Programs （03DJ14016）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30370122）.
文摘Among plant secondary metabolites terpenolds are a structurally most diverse group; they function as phytoalexins In plant direct defense, or as signals In Indirect defense responses which involves herbivores and their natural enemies. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the Investigation of the ecological role of plant terpenolds. The biosynthesis pathways of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes Include the synthesis of C5 precursor isopentenyl diphosphate （IPP） and Its allylic isomer dlmethylallyl dlphosphate （DMAPP）, the synthesis of the immediate diphosphate precursors, and the formation of the diverse terpenoids. Terpene synthases （TPSs） play a key role In volatile terpene synthesis. By expression of the TPS genes, significant achievements have been made on metabolic engineering to Increase terpenoid production. This review mainly summarizes the recent research progress In elucidating the ecological role of terpenoids and characterization of the enzymes Involved in the terpenold biosynthesis. Spatial and temporal regulations of terpenoids metabolism are also discussed.
基金This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG （SCHW634/32-1） and National Natural Science Foundation of China （grant numbers 31870678）.
文摘Plants emit an overabundance of volatile compounds, which act in their producers either as appreciated attractants to lure beneficial animals or as repellent toxins to deter pests in a species-specific and concentration-dependent manner. Plants have evolved solutions to provide sufficient volatiles without poisoning themselves. Uridine-diphosphate sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases （UGTs） acting on vola-tiles is one important part of this sophisticated system, which balances the levels of bioactive metabolites and prepares them for cellular and long-distance transport and storage but enables the remobilization of disarmed toxins for the benefit of plant protection. This review provides an overview of the research history of glycosidically bound volatiles （GBVs）, a relatively new group of plant secondary metabolites, and discusses the role of UGTs in the production of GBVs for plant protection.
基金National Science Centre OPUS grant 2019/35/B/NZ1/03731.
文摘Plants are rich repository of a large number of chemical compounds collectively referred to as specialized metabolites.These compounds are of importance for adaptive processes including responses against changing abiotic conditions and interactions with various co-existing organisms.One of the strikingly affirmed functions of these specialized metabolites is their involvement in plants’life-long interactions with complex multi-kingdom microbiomes including both beneficial and harmful microorganisms.Recent developments in genomic and molecular biology tools not only help to generate well-curated information about regulatory and structural components of biosynthetic pathways of plant specialized metabolites but also to create and screen mutant lines defective in their synthesis.In this review,we have comprehensively surveyed the function of these specialized metabolites and discussed recent research findings demonstrating the responses of various microbes on tested mutant lines having defective biosynthesis of particular metabolites.In addition,we attempt to provide key clues about the impact of these metabolites on the assembly of the plant microbiome by summarizing the major findings of recent comparative metagenomic analyses of available mutant lines under customized and natural microbial niches.Subsequently,we delineate benchmark initiatives that aim to engineer or manipulate the biosynthetic pathways to produce specialized metabolites in heterologous systems but also to diversify their immune function.While denoting the function of these metabolites,we also discuss the critical bottlenecks associated with understanding and exploiting their function in improving plant adaptation to the environment.
文摘Tests of new natural non-polluting regulators of growth Verva （vegetative terpenoids from Abies sibirica） and Larixin （vegetative flavonoids from Larix） on growth, development and productivity of fibre flax are conducted. The level of phytohormones in vegetating plants （IAA, ABA, zeatine and zeatinriboside） is studied. Preparations stimulate germination of seeds and growth of plants. Field experiment fixed yield increase of flax straw and the seeds of flax-fibre with the use of growth regulators. Industrial experiment represents VERVA product effectiveness on yields increase of flax straw, seeds and flax fiber output.
