Celiac disease, an immune-mediated enteropathy induced in genetically susceptible individuals by the ingestion of gluten, is the most frequent disorder associated with splenic hypofunction or atrophy. Defective spleni...Celiac disease, an immune-mediated enteropathy induced in genetically susceptible individuals by the ingestion of gluten, is the most frequent disorder associated with splenic hypofunction or atrophy. Defective splenic function affects more than one-third of adult patients with celiac disease, and it may predispose to a higher risk of infections by encapsulated bacteria and thromboembolic and autoimmune complications, particularly when celiac patients have concomitant pre-malignant and malignant complications (refractory celiac disease, ulcerative jejunoileitis and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma). However, the clinical management of patients with celiac disease does not take into account the evaluation of splenic function, and in patients with high degree of hyposplenism or splenic atrophy the prophylactic immunization with specific vaccines against the polysaccharide antigens of encapsulated bacteria is not currently recommended. We critically re-evaluate clinical and diagnostic aspects of spleen dysfunction in celiac disease, and highlight new perspectives in the prophylactic management of infections in this condition.展开更多
Palmer amaranth, sicklepod and pitted morningglory are the three most common and troublesome weeds in soybean in South Carolina. They exhibit very aggressive growth capabilities and if left uncontrolled in fields will...Palmer amaranth, sicklepod and pitted morningglory are the three most common and troublesome weeds in soybean in South Carolina. They exhibit very aggressive growth capabilities and if left uncontrolled in fields will cause significant reductions in soybean yields. Dicamba and 2,4-D herbicides are currently having a resurgence in usage due to the recent commercialization of soybean trait technologies with tolerance to these herbicides. Dicamba and 2,4-D when tank mixed with glufosinate and glyphosate may offer additional weed control to resistant weeds through the process of herbicide synergism. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2013 at Edisto Research and Education Center near Blackville, SC to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba and 2,4-D treatments alone and in combination on Palmer amaranth, sicklepod, and pitted morningglory at selected heights. Results suggested that glufosinate alone provided the overall best control for all 3 weed species. Glyphosate alone provided the lowest control of all 3 species at all heights. Synergism or improved sicklepod control was observed when glufosinate was tank mixed with dicamba. However, as sicklepod increased in height, glufosinate + 2,4-D or dicamba combination offered the best control compared to glufosinate alone (90% versus 86% in 20 cm plants and 87% versus 85% in 30 cm plant). In the 5 cm Palmer amaranth, decreased control was observed when glyphosate or glufosinate was tank mixed with 2,4-D. These experiments showed that glufosinate alone and/or in combination with 2,4-D or dicamba was the overall best treatment on the three broadleaf weed species.展开更多
Pitted cones are cone-shaped structures,spanning from meters to kilometers in size,characterized by summit depressions.They are widely distributed on the surface of Mars with various origins,such as rootless cones,mud...Pitted cones are cone-shaped structures,spanning from meters to kilometers in size,characterized by summit depressions.They are widely distributed on the surface of Mars with various origins,such as rootless cones,mud volcanoes,cinder or scoria cones,tuff rings or cones,pingos,and dirt cones.If the pitted cones identified in southern Utopia Planitia are mud volcanoes,as is speculated,they could be of particular interest due to the fact that mud volcanoes on Earth bring sediments from a depth of meters to kilometers to the surface.In this study,we have investigated the pitted cones near Zhurong rover’s landing site in southern Utopia Planitia,utilizing recent images and digital elevation models obtained from the High Resolution Imaging Camera instrument onboard China’s Tianwen-1 orbiter.By leveraging the high-resolution images and digital elevation models,we have conducted a geometric measurement to distinguish the origin of pitted cones in the vicinity of the Zhurong rover.The morphological characteristics of these pitted cones indicate an explosive mud volcano origin.These explosive mud volcanoes could have formed by the violent eruption of subsurface overpressurized sediments generated from the combined effect of overburden pressure and anomalous high heat flow.The sediments forming the pitted cones in the northern plains could be the remnants of an ancient ocean.With future in-situ observations of these pitted cones,we hope to gain further insights into the sediments of the putative northern ocean,as well as the physical and chemical properties of the Martian subsurface during the formation of the pitted cones.展开更多
The paper focuses on the assessment of the hull girder ultimate strength,combined with random pitting corrosion wastage,by the incremental-iterative method.After a brief review about the state of art,the local ultimat...The paper focuses on the assessment of the hull girder ultimate strength,combined with random pitting corrosion wastage,by the incremental-iterative method.After a brief review about the state of art,the local ultimate strength of pitted platings under uniaxial compression is preliminarily outlined and subsequently a closed-form design formula is endorsed in the Rule incremental-iterative method,to account for pitting corrosion wastage in the hull girder ultimate strength check.The ISSC bulk carrier is assumed as reference ship in a benchmark study,devoted to test the effectiveness of the incremental-iterative method,by a comparative analysis with a set of FE simulations,performed by Ansys Mechanical APDL.Four reference cases,with different locations of pitting corrosion wastage,are investigated focusing on nine combinations of pitting and corrosion intensity degrees.Finally,a comparative analysis between the hull girder ultimate strength,combined with pitting corrosion wastage,and the relevant values,complying with the Rule net scantling approach,is performed.Based on current results,the modified incremental-iterative method allows efficiently assessing the hull girder ultimate strength,combined with pitting corrosion wastage,so revealing useful both in the design process of new vessels and in the structural health monitoring of aged ships.展开更多
In this article,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)are used to explore the dynamics of water transport inside the pitted thickening of a plant xylem vessel.A pitted thickening model combined with the Bernoulli equation ...In this article,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)are used to explore the dynamics of water transport inside the pitted thickening of a plant xylem vessel.A pitted thickening model combined with the Bernoulli equation is used to analyze the influence of various factors(namely,the inner diameter,thickening width,thickening height,thickening spacing,number of laps and adjacent pit axial rotation).The pressure drop and the flow resistance coefficient are the variable parameters for our analysis.The results show that these two parameters are proportional to the thickening height and thickening width,and inversely proportional to the inner diameter,thickening spacing and number of laps.Three different wall thickening structures of the vessel are compared and the pitted thickening vessel is shown to provide the largest structural flow resistance,the annular thickening vessel has the second largest resistance and the helical thickening vessel corresponds to the smallest resistance of the three structures.展开更多
文摘Celiac disease, an immune-mediated enteropathy induced in genetically susceptible individuals by the ingestion of gluten, is the most frequent disorder associated with splenic hypofunction or atrophy. Defective splenic function affects more than one-third of adult patients with celiac disease, and it may predispose to a higher risk of infections by encapsulated bacteria and thromboembolic and autoimmune complications, particularly when celiac patients have concomitant pre-malignant and malignant complications (refractory celiac disease, ulcerative jejunoileitis and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma). However, the clinical management of patients with celiac disease does not take into account the evaluation of splenic function, and in patients with high degree of hyposplenism or splenic atrophy the prophylactic immunization with specific vaccines against the polysaccharide antigens of encapsulated bacteria is not currently recommended. We critically re-evaluate clinical and diagnostic aspects of spleen dysfunction in celiac disease, and highlight new perspectives in the prophylactic management of infections in this condition.
文摘Palmer amaranth, sicklepod and pitted morningglory are the three most common and troublesome weeds in soybean in South Carolina. They exhibit very aggressive growth capabilities and if left uncontrolled in fields will cause significant reductions in soybean yields. Dicamba and 2,4-D herbicides are currently having a resurgence in usage due to the recent commercialization of soybean trait technologies with tolerance to these herbicides. Dicamba and 2,4-D when tank mixed with glufosinate and glyphosate may offer additional weed control to resistant weeds through the process of herbicide synergism. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2013 at Edisto Research and Education Center near Blackville, SC to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba and 2,4-D treatments alone and in combination on Palmer amaranth, sicklepod, and pitted morningglory at selected heights. Results suggested that glufosinate alone provided the overall best control for all 3 weed species. Glyphosate alone provided the lowest control of all 3 species at all heights. Synergism or improved sicklepod control was observed when glufosinate was tank mixed with dicamba. However, as sicklepod increased in height, glufosinate + 2,4-D or dicamba combination offered the best control compared to glufosinate alone (90% versus 86% in 20 cm plants and 87% versus 85% in 30 cm plant). In the 5 cm Palmer amaranth, decreased control was observed when glyphosate or glufosinate was tank mixed with 2,4-D. These experiments showed that glufosinate alone and/or in combination with 2,4-D or dicamba was the overall best treatment on the three broadleaf weed species.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB 41000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42273041,42272274,41830214)the Pre-research Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies of CNSA(Grant No.D020101).
文摘Pitted cones are cone-shaped structures,spanning from meters to kilometers in size,characterized by summit depressions.They are widely distributed on the surface of Mars with various origins,such as rootless cones,mud volcanoes,cinder or scoria cones,tuff rings or cones,pingos,and dirt cones.If the pitted cones identified in southern Utopia Planitia are mud volcanoes,as is speculated,they could be of particular interest due to the fact that mud volcanoes on Earth bring sediments from a depth of meters to kilometers to the surface.In this study,we have investigated the pitted cones near Zhurong rover’s landing site in southern Utopia Planitia,utilizing recent images and digital elevation models obtained from the High Resolution Imaging Camera instrument onboard China’s Tianwen-1 orbiter.By leveraging the high-resolution images and digital elevation models,we have conducted a geometric measurement to distinguish the origin of pitted cones in the vicinity of the Zhurong rover.The morphological characteristics of these pitted cones indicate an explosive mud volcano origin.These explosive mud volcanoes could have formed by the violent eruption of subsurface overpressurized sediments generated from the combined effect of overburden pressure and anomalous high heat flow.The sediments forming the pitted cones in the northern plains could be the remnants of an ancient ocean.With future in-situ observations of these pitted cones,we hope to gain further insights into the sediments of the putative northern ocean,as well as the physical and chemical properties of the Martian subsurface during the formation of the pitted cones.
基金Open access funding provided by Universita Parthenope di Napoli within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.
文摘The paper focuses on the assessment of the hull girder ultimate strength,combined with random pitting corrosion wastage,by the incremental-iterative method.After a brief review about the state of art,the local ultimate strength of pitted platings under uniaxial compression is preliminarily outlined and subsequently a closed-form design formula is endorsed in the Rule incremental-iterative method,to account for pitting corrosion wastage in the hull girder ultimate strength check.The ISSC bulk carrier is assumed as reference ship in a benchmark study,devoted to test the effectiveness of the incremental-iterative method,by a comparative analysis with a set of FE simulations,performed by Ansys Mechanical APDL.Four reference cases,with different locations of pitting corrosion wastage,are investigated focusing on nine combinations of pitting and corrosion intensity degrees.Finally,a comparative analysis between the hull girder ultimate strength,combined with pitting corrosion wastage,and the relevant values,complying with the Rule net scantling approach,is performed.Based on current results,the modified incremental-iterative method allows efficiently assessing the hull girder ultimate strength,combined with pitting corrosion wastage,so revealing useful both in the design process of new vessels and in the structural health monitoring of aged ships.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51279071,51969009)the Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China for Ph.D candidates in University(Grant No.2013531413002).
文摘In this article,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)are used to explore the dynamics of water transport inside the pitted thickening of a plant xylem vessel.A pitted thickening model combined with the Bernoulli equation is used to analyze the influence of various factors(namely,the inner diameter,thickening width,thickening height,thickening spacing,number of laps and adjacent pit axial rotation).The pressure drop and the flow resistance coefficient are the variable parameters for our analysis.The results show that these two parameters are proportional to the thickening height and thickening width,and inversely proportional to the inner diameter,thickening spacing and number of laps.Three different wall thickening structures of the vessel are compared and the pitted thickening vessel is shown to provide the largest structural flow resistance,the annular thickening vessel has the second largest resistance and the helical thickening vessel corresponds to the smallest resistance of the three structures.
