Under natural conditions, plants constantly encounter various biotic and abiotic factors, which can potentially restrict plant growth and development and even limit crop productivity. Among various abiotic factors aff...Under natural conditions, plants constantly encounter various biotic and abiotic factors, which can potentially restrict plant growth and development and even limit crop productivity. Among various abiotic factors affecting plant photosynthesis, light serves as an important factor that drives carbon metabolism in plants and supports life on earth. The two components of light(light quality and light intensity) greatly affect plant photosynthesis and other plant's morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. The response of plants to different spectral radiations and intensities differs in various species and also depends on growing conditions. To date, much research has been conducted regarding how different spectral radiations of varying intensity can affect plant growth and development. This review is an effort to briefly summarize the available information on the effects of light components on various plant parameters such as stem and leaf morphology and anatomy, stomatal development, photosynthetic apparatus, pigment composition, reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, antioxidants, and hormone production.展开更多
Data from three cruises conducted in the Zhujiang River （ZR）, coastal waters of Guangdong （CWGD） and the northern South China Sea （NSCS） during 2003 and 2004 were examined for assessing the relative importance o...Data from three cruises conducted in the Zhujiang River （ZR）, coastal waters of Guangdong （CWGD） and the northern South China Sea （NSCS） during 2003 and 2004 were examined for assessing the relative importance of pigment composition and packaging effect in modifying the specific absorption coefficients of phytoplankton. The three survey regions differ widely in their phytoplankton community with large cells dominating the ZR and CWGD waters and small cells dominating the NSCS region. Variations in the size structure and the accessory pigments have much effect on the chlorophyll a-specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton. The size index accounted for about 42% and 33% of the variation of the specific absorption coefficient at 440 and 675 nm, respectively. Using the multiple regression analysis approach, pigment concentrations for each sample were calculated. The accessory pigments other than chlorophyll a contribute to absorption mainly in the blue - to - green region of the spectrum and their absorptions account for about 44%, 43% and 53% on the average of the total phytoplankton absorption at 440 nm for the ZR, CWGD and NSCS regions. Among the accessory pigments, the photosynthetic carotenoids （noted PSC） play a dominant role in the ZR and CWGD waters, while in the NSCS the nonphotosynthetic carotenoids （noted PPG） as well as PSC have important contributions. Because the variations of both the size structure and accessory pigments in algal populations contributed to the variability of the specific absorption coefficient in the study regions, these factors may be considered explicitly in future bio - optical algorithms to derive chlorophyll a concentration more accurately.展开更多
To provide evidence for three-level prevention of cholelithiasis by means of observing the effects of some choleretics on bile compositions drained from patients with pigment gallstone. Methods： Twenty-seven patients...To provide evidence for three-level prevention of cholelithiasis by means of observing the effects of some choleretics on bile compositions drained from patients with pigment gallstone. Methods： Twenty-seven patients suffering from primary pigment gallstones and having received treatment of choledochostomies plus T-tube or endoscopic nasal bile drainage （ENBD） were divided equally into three groups, and administered respectively with Lidanling （利胆灵, the LDL group）, ursodesoxycholic acid （the UDA group） and combination of LDL and UDA （the LDL＋ UDA group） through oral intake（7 patients in each group）. Besides, 6 post-operational patients got no treatment with any drug were allocated in the control group. Bile of all the patients was collected before treatment and on the 1, 3, 5, 7th day after the treatment started to detect levels of total bile acid （TBA）, glycocholic acid （GCA）, taurocholic acid （TCA）, glycocholic cheno-desoxycholic acid （GCDCA）, total bilirubin （TBIL）, uncombined bilirubin （ UCB）, concentration of calcium ion （Ca^2＋ ） as well as the bacterio-genetic and endogenous 13-glucuronidase activity for comparing. Results： Levels of TBA, GCA, TCA and GCDCA got gradually increased in the UDA group and the LDL ＋ UDA group after treatment （ P〈0. 05）, while those in the LDL group remained unchanged, showing an insignificant difference as compared with those in the control group. In the LDL group and the LDL ＋ UDA group, TBIL gradually increased while UCB gradually decreased in the course of treatment （P〈0. 05）. Moreover, levels of Ca^2＋ and endogenous β-glucuronidase activity got significantly lowered （ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion： Combined use of LDL and UDA could elevate levels of TBA, GCA, TCA, GCDCA, enhance the excretion of TBIL in patients with pigment gallstone after bile drainage, lower levels of UCB and Ca^2＋ and the activity of endogenous β-glucuronidase in the bile, so as to reduce the possibility of stone formation展开更多
Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition were investigated in the northern South China Sea using high-performance liquid chromatography and the CHEMTAX software from February 11 to 23, 2009. We recogni...Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition were investigated in the northern South China Sea using high-performance liquid chromatography and the CHEMTAX software from February 11 to 23, 2009. We recognized four different vertical distribution patterns of pigments: chlorophyll a (Chl a)-like type, divinyl chlorophyll a (DV Chl a) type, even distribution type, and surface type. The average value of ratios of accessory photo-protective pigments (APP) to accessory photo-synthetic pigments was 0.89±0.63 in the upper 50 m and 0.16±0.06 below 50 m depth. With increasing depth, APP decreased and photo-synthetically active radiation was attenuated. There was an obvious succession in the phytoplankton community from inshore to the open sea. Diatoms were dominant in the inshore region, while pelagophytes, Prochlorococcus, cyanobacteria and prymnesiophytes were dominant in the open sea. The vertical distribution of phytoplankton also differed greatly from inshore to the open sea. In the coastal and shelf region, diatoms were important components in the whole water column. Cyanobacteria also had a high abundance at the Subsurface Chlorophyll a Maxima (SCM) in the shelf region. In the slope and open sea, Prochlorococcus and cyanobacteria were important groups above the SCM, while pelagophytes dominated below the SCM.展开更多
Aims Pigment composition is an important functional trait that can be affected by environmental factors.the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soil salinity on pigment composition in Suaeda salsa...Aims Pigment composition is an important functional trait that can be affected by environmental factors.the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soil salinity on pigment composition in Suaeda salsa by comparing chlorophyll and betacyanin content in the Liaohe estuary wetland,a typical coastal wetland in northeast China.Methods We investigated the plant biomass,percentage of red leaves and pigment content(chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and betacyanins)in S.salsa in intertidal and supratidal zones of the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Liaohe estuary wetlands.the Na^(+)content of both the soil and plant was also measured.Full analysis of variance and multivariate analysis were used to compare differences in pig-ment content and Na^(+)content between the supratidal and intertidal zones.Important Findings Pigment composition was significantly affected by soil salinity.With increasing soil salinity,the percentage of red leaves was higher in the intertidal zone than in the supratidal zone.In all three reaches,plants had lower chlorophyll a content and higher betacyanin con-tent in the intertidal zone than in the supratidal zone.Compared to chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b was less sensitive to soil salinity.there were no differences in chlorophyll b content between the intertidal and supratidal zones in the upper and lower reaches.Furthermore,pigment composition was associated with both the plant tissue and soil Na^(+)content.Compared to the supratidal zone,the intertidal zone had a higher Na^(+)content in plants.there was a negative rela-tionship between plant chlorophyll content and soil Na^(+)content,but a positive relationship between betacyanin content and soil Na^(+)content.Overall,the results indicated that there might be a trade-off between leaf chlorophyll and betacyanin content in S.salsa to main-tain its growth and survival in high salinity environments.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571615)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-04-PS19)。
文摘Under natural conditions, plants constantly encounter various biotic and abiotic factors, which can potentially restrict plant growth and development and even limit crop productivity. Among various abiotic factors affecting plant photosynthesis, light serves as an important factor that drives carbon metabolism in plants and supports life on earth. The two components of light(light quality and light intensity) greatly affect plant photosynthesis and other plant's morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. The response of plants to different spectral radiations and intensities differs in various species and also depends on growing conditions. To date, much research has been conducted regarding how different spectral radiations of varying intensity can affect plant growth and development. This review is an effort to briefly summarize the available information on the effects of light components on various plant parameters such as stem and leaf morphology and anatomy, stomatal development, photosynthetic apparatus, pigment composition, reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, antioxidants, and hormone production.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 40476019,40576078 and 5210266the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.KZCX2-YW-215.
文摘Data from three cruises conducted in the Zhujiang River （ZR）, coastal waters of Guangdong （CWGD） and the northern South China Sea （NSCS） during 2003 and 2004 were examined for assessing the relative importance of pigment composition and packaging effect in modifying the specific absorption coefficients of phytoplankton. The three survey regions differ widely in their phytoplankton community with large cells dominating the ZR and CWGD waters and small cells dominating the NSCS region. Variations in the size structure and the accessory pigments have much effect on the chlorophyll a-specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton. The size index accounted for about 42% and 33% of the variation of the specific absorption coefficient at 440 and 675 nm, respectively. Using the multiple regression analysis approach, pigment concentrations for each sample were calculated. The accessory pigments other than chlorophyll a contribute to absorption mainly in the blue - to - green region of the spectrum and their absorptions account for about 44%, 43% and 53% on the average of the total phytoplankton absorption at 440 nm for the ZR, CWGD and NSCS regions. Among the accessory pigments, the photosynthetic carotenoids （noted PSC） play a dominant role in the ZR and CWGD waters, while in the NSCS the nonphotosynthetic carotenoids （noted PPG） as well as PSC have important contributions. Because the variations of both the size structure and accessory pigments in algal populations contributed to the variability of the specific absorption coefficient in the study regions, these factors may be considered explicitly in future bio - optical algorithms to derive chlorophyll a concentration more accurately.
文摘To provide evidence for three-level prevention of cholelithiasis by means of observing the effects of some choleretics on bile compositions drained from patients with pigment gallstone. Methods： Twenty-seven patients suffering from primary pigment gallstones and having received treatment of choledochostomies plus T-tube or endoscopic nasal bile drainage （ENBD） were divided equally into three groups, and administered respectively with Lidanling （利胆灵, the LDL group）, ursodesoxycholic acid （the UDA group） and combination of LDL and UDA （the LDL＋ UDA group） through oral intake（7 patients in each group）. Besides, 6 post-operational patients got no treatment with any drug were allocated in the control group. Bile of all the patients was collected before treatment and on the 1, 3, 5, 7th day after the treatment started to detect levels of total bile acid （TBA）, glycocholic acid （GCA）, taurocholic acid （TCA）, glycocholic cheno-desoxycholic acid （GCDCA）, total bilirubin （TBIL）, uncombined bilirubin （ UCB）, concentration of calcium ion （Ca^2＋ ） as well as the bacterio-genetic and endogenous 13-glucuronidase activity for comparing. Results： Levels of TBA, GCA, TCA and GCDCA got gradually increased in the UDA group and the LDL ＋ UDA group after treatment （ P〈0. 05）, while those in the LDL group remained unchanged, showing an insignificant difference as compared with those in the control group. In the LDL group and the LDL ＋ UDA group, TBIL gradually increased while UCB gradually decreased in the course of treatment （P〈0. 05）. Moreover, levels of Ca^2＋ and endogenous β-glucuronidase activity got significantly lowered （ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion： Combined use of LDL and UDA could elevate levels of TBA, GCA, TCA, GCDCA, enhance the excretion of TBIL in patients with pigment gallstone after bile drainage, lower levels of UCB and Ca^2＋ and the activity of endogenous β-glucuronidase in the bile, so as to reduce the possibility of stone formation
基金Supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90711006)
文摘Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition were investigated in the northern South China Sea using high-performance liquid chromatography and the CHEMTAX software from February 11 to 23, 2009. We recognized four different vertical distribution patterns of pigments: chlorophyll a (Chl a)-like type, divinyl chlorophyll a (DV Chl a) type, even distribution type, and surface type. The average value of ratios of accessory photo-protective pigments (APP) to accessory photo-synthetic pigments was 0.89±0.63 in the upper 50 m and 0.16±0.06 below 50 m depth. With increasing depth, APP decreased and photo-synthetically active radiation was attenuated. There was an obvious succession in the phytoplankton community from inshore to the open sea. Diatoms were dominant in the inshore region, while pelagophytes, Prochlorococcus, cyanobacteria and prymnesiophytes were dominant in the open sea. The vertical distribution of phytoplankton also differed greatly from inshore to the open sea. In the coastal and shelf region, diatoms were important components in the whole water column. Cyanobacteria also had a high abundance at the Subsurface Chlorophyll a Maxima (SCM) in the shelf region. In the slope and open sea, Prochlorococcus and cyanobacteria were important groups above the SCM, while pelagophytes dominated below the SCM.
基金This study was supported by the Forestry Industry Research Special Funds for Public Welfare Project(201404305).
文摘Aims Pigment composition is an important functional trait that can be affected by environmental factors.the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soil salinity on pigment composition in Suaeda salsa by comparing chlorophyll and betacyanin content in the Liaohe estuary wetland,a typical coastal wetland in northeast China.Methods We investigated the plant biomass,percentage of red leaves and pigment content(chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and betacyanins)in S.salsa in intertidal and supratidal zones of the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Liaohe estuary wetlands.the Na^(+)content of both the soil and plant was also measured.Full analysis of variance and multivariate analysis were used to compare differences in pig-ment content and Na^(+)content between the supratidal and intertidal zones.Important Findings Pigment composition was significantly affected by soil salinity.With increasing soil salinity,the percentage of red leaves was higher in the intertidal zone than in the supratidal zone.In all three reaches,plants had lower chlorophyll a content and higher betacyanin con-tent in the intertidal zone than in the supratidal zone.Compared to chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b was less sensitive to soil salinity.there were no differences in chlorophyll b content between the intertidal and supratidal zones in the upper and lower reaches.Furthermore,pigment composition was associated with both the plant tissue and soil Na^(+)content.Compared to the supratidal zone,the intertidal zone had a higher Na^(+)content in plants.there was a negative rela-tionship between plant chlorophyll content and soil Na^(+)content,but a positive relationship between betacyanin content and soil Na^(+)content.Overall,the results indicated that there might be a trade-off between leaf chlorophyll and betacyanin content in S.salsa to main-tain its growth and survival in high salinity environments.
