Physical geography and human geography are the principal branches of the geographical sciences. Physical process simulation and human process simulation in geography are both quantitative methods used to recover past ...Physical geography and human geography are the principal branches of the geographical sciences. Physical process simulation and human process simulation in geography are both quantitative methods used to recover past events and even to forecast events based on precisely determined parameters. There are four differences between physical process simulation and human process simulation in geography, which we summarize with two specific cases, one of which is about a typhoon＇s development and its precipitation, and the other of which is regarding the evolution of three industrial structures in China. The differences focus on four aspects： the main factors of the research framework; the knowledge back-ground of the systematic analysis framework; the simulation data sources and quantitative method; and the core of the study object and the method of forecast application. As the human-land relationship is the key ideology of the man-land system, the relationship between the physical and human factors is becoming increasingly close at present. Physical process simulation and human process simulation in geography will exhibit crossing and blending in the future to reflect the various geographical phenomena better.展开更多
The effects of different convective parameterization,explicit moisture schemes and surface heat- ing on the meso-β scale structure of a squall line system are investigated,by using an improved mesoscale model.It is f...The effects of different convective parameterization,explicit moisture schemes and surface heat- ing on the meso-β scale structure of a squall line system are investigated,by using an improved mesoscale model.It is found that the successful prediction of mesoscale convective systems hinges up- on not only the sub-grid scale convection,but also the resolvable scale phase change processes and the diurnal variation in the boundary layer.The simultaneous operation of the Fritsch-Chappell convective scheme with parameterized moist downdrafts and the prognostic equations for cloud water (ice) and rainwater (snow) seems to be essential in simulating realistically MCSs and reducing or eliminating the unrealistic development of the CISK-like instability associated with the squall line system.展开更多
A land-surface physical process model was coupled with a mesoscale atmospheric model. This cou- pled model was then used to simulate the interactions between land and the atmosphere, including surface temperature, net...A land-surface physical process model was coupled with a mesoscale atmospheric model. This cou- pled model was then used to simulate the interactions between land and the atmosphere, including surface temperature, net radiation, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux over a desert/Gobi with an oasis in northwestern semiarid regions in China. Comparisons between observations and simulations were made over the oasis and the desert/Gobi, respectively. Both cold island effect and wet island ef- fect, the so-called oasis effect, were observed and simulated. Lower temperature, higher specific hu- midity and weaker turbulent transfer were present over the oasis than the desert/Gobi. A subsidence occurred over the oasis, leading to a thermally-generated mesoscale circulation.展开更多
Based on the existing Land Surface Physical Process Models(Deardorff, Dickinson, LIU, Noilhan, Seller, ZHAO), a Comprehensive Land Surface Physical Process Model (CLSPPM) is developed by considering the different phys...Based on the existing Land Surface Physical Process Models(Deardorff, Dickinson, LIU, Noilhan, Seller, ZHAO), a Comprehensive Land Surface Physical Process Model (CLSPPM) is developed by considering the different physical processes of the earth's surface-vegetation-atmosphere system more completely. Compared with SiB and BATS, which are famous for their detailed parameterizations of physical variables, this simplified model is more convenient and saves much more computation time. Though simple, the feas...展开更多
以第五代中尺度模式(MM5)为基础,本文对一次南京大暴雨个例进行了三组数值模拟试验,研究了模式湿物理过程参数化方案的组合对梅雨暴雨降水预报的影响.试验结果表明:模式的积云对流参数化方案的选用对南京大暴雨的预报至关重要,积云对流...以第五代中尺度模式(MM5)为基础,本文对一次南京大暴雨个例进行了三组数值模拟试验,研究了模式湿物理过程参数化方案的组合对梅雨暴雨降水预报的影响.试验结果表明:模式的积云对流参数化方案的选用对南京大暴雨的预报至关重要,积云对流参数化方案的选用比边界层参数化对暴雨数值预报的影响大;对20km模式分辨率而言,采用单一的积云对流参数化方案时,Betts-Miller方案占显著优势;模式粗、细网格采用不同的积云对流参数化方案进行组合,可以改进模式降水预报,对于60km/20km的二重嵌套网格来说,Anthens-Kuo and Betts-Miller或者Kain-Fritsch and Betts-Miller组合具有一定的优势.在此基础上,积云对流参数化方案与不同微物理过程组合可以进一步改进梅雨锋暴雨的预报,不同组合方案预报降水的中心位置和强度各不相同.另外,暴雨的分布、中心位置和强度对边界层参数化方案的选用表现出一定的敏感性.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41125005 Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.KACX1-YW-1001
文摘Physical geography and human geography are the principal branches of the geographical sciences. Physical process simulation and human process simulation in geography are both quantitative methods used to recover past events and even to forecast events based on precisely determined parameters. There are four differences between physical process simulation and human process simulation in geography, which we summarize with two specific cases, one of which is about a typhoon＇s development and its precipitation, and the other of which is regarding the evolution of three industrial structures in China. The differences focus on four aspects： the main factors of the research framework; the knowledge back-ground of the systematic analysis framework; the simulation data sources and quantitative method; and the core of the study object and the method of forecast application. As the human-land relationship is the key ideology of the man-land system, the relationship between the physical and human factors is becoming increasingly close at present. Physical process simulation and human process simulation in geography will exhibit crossing and blending in the future to reflect the various geographical phenomena better.
文摘The effects of different convective parameterization,explicit moisture schemes and surface heat- ing on the meso-β scale structure of a squall line system are investigated,by using an improved mesoscale model.It is found that the successful prediction of mesoscale convective systems hinges up- on not only the sub-grid scale convection,but also the resolvable scale phase change processes and the diurnal variation in the boundary layer.The simultaneous operation of the Fritsch-Chappell convective scheme with parameterized moist downdrafts and the prognostic equations for cloud water (ice) and rainwater (snow) seems to be essential in simulating realistically MCSs and reducing or eliminating the unrealistic development of the CISK-like instability associated with the squall line system.
基金Supported by the Climate Change Special program of China Meteorological Bureau (Grant No. CCSF-2005-2-QH29 CCSF2006-38)+1 种基金the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20050001030) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 4025004)
文摘A land-surface physical process model was coupled with a mesoscale atmospheric model. This cou- pled model was then used to simulate the interactions between land and the atmosphere, including surface temperature, net radiation, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux over a desert/Gobi with an oasis in northwestern semiarid regions in China. Comparisons between observations and simulations were made over the oasis and the desert/Gobi, respectively. Both cold island effect and wet island ef- fect, the so-called oasis effect, were observed and simulated. Lower temperature, higher specific hu- midity and weaker turbulent transfer were present over the oasis than the desert/Gobi. A subsidence occurred over the oasis, leading to a thermally-generated mesoscale circulation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40275004)State Key Laboratory of Atmosphere Physics and Chemistry
文摘Based on the existing Land Surface Physical Process Models(Deardorff, Dickinson, LIU, Noilhan, Seller, ZHAO), a Comprehensive Land Surface Physical Process Model (CLSPPM) is developed by considering the different physical processes of the earth's surface-vegetation-atmosphere system more completely. Compared with SiB and BATS, which are famous for their detailed parameterizations of physical variables, this simplified model is more convenient and saves much more computation time. Though simple, the feas...
文摘以第五代中尺度模式(MM5)为基础,本文对一次南京大暴雨个例进行了三组数值模拟试验,研究了模式湿物理过程参数化方案的组合对梅雨暴雨降水预报的影响.试验结果表明:模式的积云对流参数化方案的选用对南京大暴雨的预报至关重要,积云对流参数化方案的选用比边界层参数化对暴雨数值预报的影响大;对20km模式分辨率而言,采用单一的积云对流参数化方案时,Betts-Miller方案占显著优势;模式粗、细网格采用不同的积云对流参数化方案进行组合,可以改进模式降水预报,对于60km/20km的二重嵌套网格来说,Anthens-Kuo and Betts-Miller或者Kain-Fritsch and Betts-Miller组合具有一定的优势.在此基础上,积云对流参数化方案与不同微物理过程组合可以进一步改进梅雨锋暴雨的预报,不同组合方案预报降水的中心位置和强度各不相同.另外,暴雨的分布、中心位置和强度对边界层参数化方案的选用表现出一定的敏感性.
