通过监测田面水磷素含量和形态的动态变化来研究稻田磷素流失风险.结果表明:从环境角度、经济效益和水稻生长出发,用线性+平台施肥模型得到该地区水稻的最佳施磷量为66 kg P2O5/hm2;施磷后田面水各形态磷浓度呈现急剧下降-缓慢下降-平...通过监测田面水磷素含量和形态的动态变化来研究稻田磷素流失风险.结果表明:从环境角度、经济效益和水稻生长出发,用线性+平台施肥模型得到该地区水稻的最佳施磷量为66 kg P2O5/hm2;施磷后田面水各形态磷浓度呈现急剧下降-缓慢下降-平稳的过程,但在施磷后7天内田面水磷素浓度仍然较高,是磷素流失的高危险期;用对数模型模拟田面水中各形态磷素含量与施肥时间的关系(可溶性有机磷SOP除外),其相关系数r为0.715 1～0.963 9,在P＜0.05水平下达到极显著水平,应用模型预测常规施肥下田面水的安全排放期时为施肥后24天;除P0处理外,其余各处理中田面水磷的形态以可溶性无机磷SIP为主,随着施磷量的增加,颗粒态磷PP在田面水中的浓度呈现增大的趋势,因此,在评价田面水排放或者稻田径流对水体富营养化的贡献时,颗粒态磷PP的影响也不容忽视.展开更多
This paper presented the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Beijing surface water during the survey. A significant difference was found out in concentration distribution of various parameters of n...This paper presented the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Beijing surface water during the survey. A significant difference was found out in concentration distribution of various parameters of nitrogen and phosphorus. Most water bodies in five water systems were polluted by total nitrogen with the content even up to 120 mg/L which was higher than exceeded the fifth class standard of national surface water quality standard GB3838-2002 except for several segments of Chaobaihe and Yongdinghe. Ammonia and phosphorus showed a similar tendency of distribution with higher content in Daqinghe, Beiyunhe and Jiyunhe water systems, but with relatively low concentrations in Chaobaihe and Yongdinghe water systems. Meanwhile, nitrate was found at comparatively low content(mostly less than 10 mg/L) and could fit for corresponding water quality requirements. Totally, the water quality of Daqinghe, Jiyunhe and Beiyunhe river systems as well as the lower reaches of Yongdinghe and Chaobaihe was contaminated seriously with high content of total nitrogen and phosphorus. Through multivariate statistical approaches, it can be concluded that total nitrogen, ammonia and total phosphorus was highly correlated to chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity, which explained the same pollution source from anthropogenic activities.展开更多
文摘通过监测田面水磷素含量和形态的动态变化来研究稻田磷素流失风险.结果表明:从环境角度、经济效益和水稻生长出发,用线性+平台施肥模型得到该地区水稻的最佳施磷量为66 kg P2O5/hm2;施磷后田面水各形态磷浓度呈现急剧下降-缓慢下降-平稳的过程,但在施磷后7天内田面水磷素浓度仍然较高,是磷素流失的高危险期;用对数模型模拟田面水中各形态磷素含量与施肥时间的关系(可溶性有机磷SOP除外),其相关系数r为0.715 1～0.963 9,在P＜0.05水平下达到极显著水平,应用模型预测常规施肥下田面水的安全排放期时为施肥后24天;除P0处理外,其余各处理中田面水磷的形态以可溶性无机磷SIP为主,随着施磷量的增加,颗粒态磷PP在田面水中的浓度呈现增大的趋势,因此,在评价田面水排放或者稻田径流对水体富营养化的贡献时,颗粒态磷PP的影响也不容忽视.
文摘This paper presented the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Beijing surface water during the survey. A significant difference was found out in concentration distribution of various parameters of nitrogen and phosphorus. Most water bodies in five water systems were polluted by total nitrogen with the content even up to 120 mg/L which was higher than exceeded the fifth class standard of national surface water quality standard GB3838-2002 except for several segments of Chaobaihe and Yongdinghe. Ammonia and phosphorus showed a similar tendency of distribution with higher content in Daqinghe, Beiyunhe and Jiyunhe water systems, but with relatively low concentrations in Chaobaihe and Yongdinghe water systems. Meanwhile, nitrate was found at comparatively low content(mostly less than 10 mg/L) and could fit for corresponding water quality requirements. Totally, the water quality of Daqinghe, Jiyunhe and Beiyunhe river systems as well as the lower reaches of Yongdinghe and Chaobaihe was contaminated seriously with high content of total nitrogen and phosphorus. Through multivariate statistical approaches, it can be concluded that total nitrogen, ammonia and total phosphorus was highly correlated to chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity, which explained the same pollution source from anthropogenic activities.
