There is a growing need to explore the potential of coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)to enhance the utilization rate of wind power(wind)and photovoltaic power(PV)in the green energy field.This study developed a load regu...There is a growing need to explore the potential of coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)to enhance the utilization rate of wind power(wind)and photovoltaic power(PV)in the green energy field.This study developed a load regulation model for a multi-power generation system comprising wind,PV,and coal energy storage using realworld data.The power supply process was divided into eight fundamental load regulation scenarios,elucidating the influence of each scenario on load regulation.Within the framework of the multi-power generation system with the wind(50 MW)and PV(50 MW)alongside a CFPP(330 MW),a lithium-iron phosphate energy storage system(LIPBESS)was integrated to improve the system’s load regulation flexibility.The energy storage operation strategy was formulated based on the charging and discharging priority of the LIPBESS for each basic scenario and the charging and discharging load calculation method of LIPBESS auxiliary regulation.Through optimization using the particle swarm algorithm,the optimal capacity of LIPBESS was determined to be within the 5.24-4.88 MWh range.From an economic perspective,the LIPBESS operating with CFPP as the regulating power source was 49.1% lower in capacity compared to the renewable energy-based storage mode.展开更多
Objective:To prepare and characterize polycaprolactone(PCL)nanoparticles loaded with sonicator fragmented(SLA)and freeze-thaw Leishmania antigens(FTLA)and to investigate the in vitro immunogenicity of antigen-encapsul...Objective:To prepare and characterize polycaprolactone(PCL)nanoparticles loaded with sonicator fragmented(SLA)and freeze-thaw Leishmania antigens(FTLA)and to investigate the in vitro immunogenicity of antigen-encapsulated nanoparticles with calcium phosphate adjuvant.Methods:The water/oil/water binary emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to synthesize antigen-loaded PCL nanoparticles.Particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and zeta potential measurements.Their cytotoxicity in J774 macrophages in vitro was determined by MTT analysis.In addition,the amount of nitric oxide and the level of cytokines produced by macrophages were determined by Griess reaction and ELISA method,respectively.The protective effect of the developed formulations was evaluated by determining the infection index percentage in macrophages infected with Leishmania infantum.Results:Compared to the control group,SLA PCL and FTLA PCL nanoparticles with calcium phosphate adjuvant induced a 6-and 7-fold increase in nitric oxide,respectively.Additionally,the vaccine formulations promoted the production of IFN-γand IL-12.SLA PCL and FTLA PCL nanoparticles combined with calcium phosphate adjuvant caused an approximately 13-and 11-fold reduction in infection index,respectively,compared to the control group.Conclusions:The encapsulation of antigens obtained by both sonication and freeze-thawing into PCL nanoparticles and the formulations with calcium phosphate adjuvant show strong in vitro immune stimulating properties.Therefore,PCL-based antigen delivery systems and calcium phosphate adjuvant are recommended as a potential vaccine candidate against leishmaniasis.展开更多
This paper studies the feasibility of a supply-side wind-coal integrated energy system.Based on grid-side data,the load regulation model of coal-fired power and the wind-coal integrated energy system model are establi...This paper studies the feasibility of a supply-side wind-coal integrated energy system.Based on grid-side data,the load regulation model of coal-fired power and the wind-coal integrated energy system model are established.According to the simulation results,the reasons why the wind-coal combined power supply is difficult to meet the grid-side demand are revealedthrough scenario analysis.Basedon thewind-coal combinedoperation,a wind-coalstorage integrated energy system was proposed by adding lithium-iron phosphate battery energy storage system(LIPBESS)to adjust the load of the system.According to the four load adjustment scenarios of grid-side instructions of the wind-coal system,the difficulty of load adjustment in each scenario is analyzed.Based on the priority degree of LIPBESS charge/discharge in four scenarios at different time periods,the operation mode of two charges and two discharges per day was developed.Based on the independent operation level of coal-fired power,after the addition of LIPBESS(5.5 MWh),the average qualified rate of multi-power operation in March and June reached the level of independent operation of coal-fired power,while the average qualified rate of the remaining months was only 5.4%different from that of independent operation of coal-fired power.Compared with the wind storage mode,the energy storage capacity and investment cost of wind-coal-storage integrated energy system are reduced by 54.2%and 53.7%,respectively.展开更多
为了探明磷矿粉在油菜-水稻-水稻轮作制中的有效施用方法,在一个发育于第四纪红色黏土的酸性水稻土上进行了3 a田间试验。试验结果显示:施用磷肥对油菜的增产效应显著比水稻大。当将过磷酸钙P 120 kg hm-2分施于油菜、早稻和晚稻,而将...为了探明磷矿粉在油菜-水稻-水稻轮作制中的有效施用方法,在一个发育于第四纪红色黏土的酸性水稻土上进行了3 a田间试验。试验结果显示:施用磷肥对油菜的增产效应显著比水稻大。当将过磷酸钙P 120 kg hm-2分施于油菜、早稻和晚稻,而将磷矿粉P120 kg hm-2集中施于油菜时,油菜的增产效应:Gafsa磷矿粉>昆阳磷矿粉>过磷酸钙;早稻的增产效应:Gafsa磷矿粉≈昆阳磷矿粉>过磷酸钙;晚稻的增产效应:过磷酸钙>Gafsa磷矿粉>昆阳磷矿粉。Gafsa磷矿粉和昆阳磷矿粉对油菜、早稻和晚稻的相对农学有效性分别为108.7%、105.0%、99.6%和89.4%、104.8%、97.1%。增加磷矿粉用量或将磷矿粉与过磷酸钙混合分施于3季,并未增加油菜和水稻的产量。油菜收获后的耕层土壤有效磷含量高于水稻收获后的耕层土壤有效磷含量。耕层土壤有效磷含量与油菜相对产量之间呈显著的正相关,而与水稻相对产量之间则无显著的相关性。展开更多
Heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis is a promising green technology solution to energyand environmental problems.Traditional photocatalyst TiO2,with a wide band gap of3.2eV,canonly be excited by UV light and ut...Heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis is a promising green technology solution to energyand environmental problems.Traditional photocatalyst TiO2,with a wide band gap of3.2eV,canonly be excited by UV light and utilizes less than4%of solar energy.Silver phosphate(Ag3PO4)isamong the most active visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts reported.Unfortunately,unwanted photocorrosionis the main obstacle to the practical application of Ag3PO4.Much effort has been made inrecent years to address this issue and further enhance the photocatalytic performance of Ag3PO4.The construction of Z‐scheme photocatalytic systems that mimic natural photosynthesis is a promisingstrategy to improve the photocatalytic activity and stability of Ag3PO4.This brief review conciselysummarizes and highlights recent research progress in Ag3PO4‐based all‐solid‐state Z‐schemephotocatalytic systems with or without a solid‐state electron mediator,focusing on their construction,application,and reaction mechanism.Furthermore,the challenges and future prospects ofAg3PO4‐based Z‐scheme photocatalytic systems are discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52076079,52206010)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.E2020502013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021MS076,2021MS079).
文摘There is a growing need to explore the potential of coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)to enhance the utilization rate of wind power(wind)and photovoltaic power(PV)in the green energy field.This study developed a load regulation model for a multi-power generation system comprising wind,PV,and coal energy storage using realworld data.The power supply process was divided into eight fundamental load regulation scenarios,elucidating the influence of each scenario on load regulation.Within the framework of the multi-power generation system with the wind(50 MW)and PV(50 MW)alongside a CFPP(330 MW),a lithium-iron phosphate energy storage system(LIPBESS)was integrated to improve the system’s load regulation flexibility.The energy storage operation strategy was formulated based on the charging and discharging priority of the LIPBESS for each basic scenario and the charging and discharging load calculation method of LIPBESS auxiliary regulation.Through optimization using the particle swarm algorithm,the optimal capacity of LIPBESS was determined to be within the 5.24-4.88 MWh range.From an economic perspective,the LIPBESS operating with CFPP as the regulating power source was 49.1% lower in capacity compared to the renewable energy-based storage mode.
文摘Objective:To prepare and characterize polycaprolactone(PCL)nanoparticles loaded with sonicator fragmented(SLA)and freeze-thaw Leishmania antigens(FTLA)and to investigate the in vitro immunogenicity of antigen-encapsulated nanoparticles with calcium phosphate adjuvant.Methods:The water/oil/water binary emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to synthesize antigen-loaded PCL nanoparticles.Particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and zeta potential measurements.Their cytotoxicity in J774 macrophages in vitro was determined by MTT analysis.In addition,the amount of nitric oxide and the level of cytokines produced by macrophages were determined by Griess reaction and ELISA method,respectively.The protective effect of the developed formulations was evaluated by determining the infection index percentage in macrophages infected with Leishmania infantum.Results:Compared to the control group,SLA PCL and FTLA PCL nanoparticles with calcium phosphate adjuvant induced a 6-and 7-fold increase in nitric oxide,respectively.Additionally,the vaccine formulations promoted the production of IFN-γand IL-12.SLA PCL and FTLA PCL nanoparticles combined with calcium phosphate adjuvant caused an approximately 13-and 11-fold reduction in infection index,respectively,compared to the control group.Conclusions:The encapsulation of antigens obtained by both sonication and freeze-thawing into PCL nanoparticles and the formulations with calcium phosphate adjuvant show strong in vitro immune stimulating properties.Therefore,PCL-based antigen delivery systems and calcium phosphate adjuvant are recommended as a potential vaccine candidate against leishmaniasis.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52076079)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.E2020502013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021MS076,2021MS079).
文摘This paper studies the feasibility of a supply-side wind-coal integrated energy system.Based on grid-side data,the load regulation model of coal-fired power and the wind-coal integrated energy system model are established.According to the simulation results,the reasons why the wind-coal combined power supply is difficult to meet the grid-side demand are revealedthrough scenario analysis.Basedon thewind-coal combinedoperation,a wind-coalstorage integrated energy system was proposed by adding lithium-iron phosphate battery energy storage system(LIPBESS)to adjust the load of the system.According to the four load adjustment scenarios of grid-side instructions of the wind-coal system,the difficulty of load adjustment in each scenario is analyzed.Based on the priority degree of LIPBESS charge/discharge in four scenarios at different time periods,the operation mode of two charges and two discharges per day was developed.Based on the independent operation level of coal-fired power,after the addition of LIPBESS(5.5 MWh),the average qualified rate of multi-power operation in March and June reached the level of independent operation of coal-fired power,while the average qualified rate of the remaining months was only 5.4%different from that of independent operation of coal-fired power.Compared with the wind storage mode,the energy storage capacity and investment cost of wind-coal-storage integrated energy system are reduced by 54.2%and 53.7%,respectively.
文摘为了探明磷矿粉在油菜-水稻-水稻轮作制中的有效施用方法,在一个发育于第四纪红色黏土的酸性水稻土上进行了3 a田间试验。试验结果显示:施用磷肥对油菜的增产效应显著比水稻大。当将过磷酸钙P 120 kg hm-2分施于油菜、早稻和晚稻,而将磷矿粉P120 kg hm-2集中施于油菜时,油菜的增产效应:Gafsa磷矿粉>昆阳磷矿粉>过磷酸钙;早稻的增产效应:Gafsa磷矿粉≈昆阳磷矿粉>过磷酸钙;晚稻的增产效应:过磷酸钙>Gafsa磷矿粉>昆阳磷矿粉。Gafsa磷矿粉和昆阳磷矿粉对油菜、早稻和晚稻的相对农学有效性分别为108.7%、105.0%、99.6%和89.4%、104.8%、97.1%。增加磷矿粉用量或将磷矿粉与过磷酸钙混合分施于3季,并未增加油菜和水稻的产量。油菜收获后的耕层土壤有效磷含量高于水稻收获后的耕层土壤有效磷含量。耕层土壤有效磷含量与油菜相对产量之间呈显著的正相关,而与水稻相对产量之间则无显著的相关性。
基金supported by the Youth Foundation of Hebei Education Department(QN2017115)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51504079)~~
文摘Heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis is a promising green technology solution to energyand environmental problems.Traditional photocatalyst TiO2,with a wide band gap of3.2eV,canonly be excited by UV light and utilizes less than4%of solar energy.Silver phosphate(Ag3PO4)isamong the most active visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts reported.Unfortunately,unwanted photocorrosionis the main obstacle to the practical application of Ag3PO4.Much effort has been made inrecent years to address this issue and further enhance the photocatalytic performance of Ag3PO4.The construction of Z‐scheme photocatalytic systems that mimic natural photosynthesis is a promisingstrategy to improve the photocatalytic activity and stability of Ag3PO4.This brief review conciselysummarizes and highlights recent research progress in Ag3PO4‐based all‐solid‐state Z‐schemephotocatalytic systems with or without a solid‐state electron mediator,focusing on their construction,application,and reaction mechanism.Furthermore,the challenges and future prospects ofAg3PO4‐based Z‐scheme photocatalytic systems are discussed.
