Any ecosystem is commonly composed of organism and environmental system. Vegetation is primary producer and key factor of biological system,while water and soil are leading factors of environmental system. How to conf...Any ecosystem is commonly composed of organism and environmental system. Vegetation is primary producer and key factor of biological system,while water and soil are leading factors of environmental system. How to conform to and use nature,protect the integrity and continuity of the ecosystem,play ecological service function of the system,protect and improve eco-environment needs grasping key factor of ecosystem or principal contradiction,namely water,soil and vegetation. Said from the source,all human activities are dealing with water,soil and vegetation,and continuously using and changing water,soil and vegetation for production of material goods and social economic construction,thereby affecting and changing natural environment. Main problems of eco-environment are induced by the interference and destruction on water,soil and vegetation by human activities. But human beings cannot manipulate and change natural phenomenon and rule,such as sunlight,diurnal variation and revolution of the earth. Soil and water ecology is the deepening and development of soil and water conservation view,and innovation and expansion of ecological science,and indicates a kind of ecological equilibrium relationship among soil,water and vegetation on the earth inter-associating,inter-promoting and inter-developing. Broadly speaking,soil and water ecology indicates the sum total of all relations among water,soil and vegetation in motion and evolution process. Cognition of soil and water ecology from the height of philosophy is conducive to further understanding important position and role of soil and water ecology theory in eco-environment,correctly recognizing position and relationship between man and nature,and clearly finding the key of current eco-environment problem and its future and direction,which could provide important theoretic support for maintaining earth's eco-environment and realizing sustainable development of mankind.展开更多
Zixue is a collective term for the knowledge and thought contained under“Philosophical Writings of the Masters”(Zi Shu子书)in the Siku Quanshu Zongmu(Catalogue of the Complete Library in Four Divisions).From the poi...Zixue is a collective term for the knowledge and thought contained under“Philosophical Writings of the Masters”(Zi Shu子书)in the Siku Quanshu Zongmu(Catalogue of the Complete Library in Four Divisions).From the point of view of philosophical epistemology,the branch of learning known as the Study of the Masters or zixue(子学)is in fact about broad understanding of the myriad things on the knowledge dimension and practicing discernment amid multitudinous theories and seeing intent on entering the way on the dimension of thought.The relative balance between the dimensions of knowledge and thought in zixue reflect both the historical circumstances of the continuous growth of traditional learning/knowledge and the fact that zixue is open and pluralistic in character.The innovation of contemporary Chinese philosophy must be fundamentally related to the social practice of China's great era,but one feasible way to make this happen is to draw useful cultural inspiration from the historical process of the dynamic interaction between knowledge and thought in traditional zixue,thus allowing tradition to take on greater vitality and vigor and develop new forms.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to analyze risks of transgenic technology. [Method] Discussions on risks of transgenic technologies were conducted from perspective of philosophy. [Result] Mechanistic philosophy and reductioni...[Objective] The aim was to analyze risks of transgenic technology. [Method] Discussions on risks of transgenic technologies were conducted from perspective of philosophy. [Result] Mechanistic philosophy and reductionism are causes of reflection on risks of transgenic technology. Considering transgene is an artificial choice taking place of natural choice, it is inevitable for risks of transgenic technology to be found. In addition, social system constitutes the root for out-of-control of transgenic technology, hence, mechanism risk is the primary cause of transgenic risks. [Conclusion] It is inescapable for science view to be changed from arbitrary and lopsided to reflective and comprehensive and for technology view to be changed from exterminative and genesic to protective and symbiotic.展开更多
There is a profound and close relationship between philosophy and drama. All great writers have a philosophical vision and fantasy of one kind or another. As Wang Guowei said, "A Dream of Red Mansions is universa...There is a profound and close relationship between philosophy and drama. All great writers have a philosophical vision and fantasy of one kind or another. As Wang Guowei said, "A Dream of Red Mansions is universally acclaimed as a philosophical and literary work." However, Chinese drama has always been plagued by pragmatism and instrumentalism, and often finds itself caught in the trap of philosophical poverty when it comes to dramatic writing and theoretical criticism related to drama. Friedrich Engels once said, "The immense depth of thought and the historical content are perfectly integrated with the vividness and richness of Shakespearean plots." This remains the highest philosophical standards we are going to reach in dramatic writing.展开更多
This research is based on the framework of social constructivism,utilizing the principle of Human Universals as a methodology to compare the similarities and differences between the ideation and formation methods of C...This research is based on the framework of social constructivism,utilizing the principle of Human Universals as a methodology to compare the similarities and differences between the ideation and formation methods of Chinese characters and English alphabets.Through comparative analysis of the ideation of English letters(pictogramme)and the origin of Chinese characters,known as the"Six Categories Theory,"we discover their alignment in terms of social,traditional,and cultural aspects.This suggests that different ethnic groups share common features in terms of life experience,learning cognitive development,and thinking habits.This study also finds that the origins of English letters and Chinese characters share similar linguistic features in their methods of constructing letters/characters,such as pictographic,ideographic,and semantic characteristics.Exploring these commonalities contributes to promoting learning and communication between Chinese and English characters.Additionally,by focusing on socio-cultural aspects,traditional customs,and cognitive learning,this study aims to break away from the traditional linguistic research approach that solely focuses on language differences.This provides a broader perspective and richer dimensions for Chinese and English language learning,facilitating the development of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communication.展开更多
This paper provides a comprehensive examination of euthanasia from various perspectives,including medical,legal,religious,philosophical,and moral.The study also explores the public perceptions and trends in Malta.The ...This paper provides a comprehensive examination of euthanasia from various perspectives,including medical,legal,religious,philosophical,and moral.The study also explores the public perceptions and trends in Malta.The medical perspective analyses the benefits and risks of euthanasia and its impact on the healthcare system.The legal perspective discusses the legality of euthanasia in Malta and the potential legal implications of legalizing the practice.The religious perspective explores the beliefs of various religious groups in Malta,particularly Catholicism,on euthanasia.The philosophical perspective discusses the ethical and moral considerations of euthanasia.The paper also analyses the results of surveys conducted in Malta,examining the public’s attitudes towards euthanasia.Overall,the study provides a thorough analysis of euthanasia from various angles,shedding light on the complex and controversial nature of the topic.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relevance of the aesthetic understanding of the Western culture’s development in Nietzsche’s thought based on his artistic conception of interpretation.In order t...The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relevance of the aesthetic understanding of the Western culture’s development in Nietzsche’s thought based on his artistic conception of interpretation.In order to accomplish this,his considerations on the figure of Homer in the production of the classical imaginary of Greek culture are taken as a discursive motif in the comparison between three distinct nuclei of his oeuvres,namely,his methodological discussions on philology,his theoretical analyses on the rhetorical nature of language-both from the time of his academic activity in Basel-and his philosophical reflections on creative interpretation in the 1880s.The fundamental premises raised by such comparison are the following:(a)interpretation as an art is a consequence of language as a pragmatically produced system of references;and(b)language is a practical aspect of the individual’s synthetic organic condition as a body in the world.As such,interpretation would be an aesthetic synthesis in Nietzsche’s philosophy.As a concluding remark,it should be demonstrated how the interpreter conceived as a creator is as worthwhile for understanding the historical processes of cultural transmission as it is for launching prospects for the future of cultural horizons.展开更多
Mr.Fei Xiaotong is not only the founder of anthropology and sociology in China but also a wise scholar well-versed in world civilization history.His sixteenword maxim,"Ge Mei Qi Mei,Mei Ren Zhi Mei,Mei Mei Yu Gon...Mr.Fei Xiaotong is not only the founder of anthropology and sociology in China but also a wise scholar well-versed in world civilization history.His sixteenword maxim,"Ge Mei Qi Mei,Mei Ren Zhi Mei,Mei Mei Yu Gong,Tian Xia Da Tong"(各美其美,美人之美,美美与共,天下大同;Everyformof beautyhas its uniqueness;It is precious to appreciate other forms of beauty with openness;If beauty represents itself with diversity and integrity,the world will be blessed with harmony and unity.),spoken when he was eighty,still provides profound intellectual enlightenment for our contemplation of the"Community for the Chinese Nation and Community of Shared Future for mankind".Truly understanding the logical premise of"beauty in sharing,a harmonious world"lies in deeply understanding the"wisdom of sharing"inherent in"each beauty has its own beauty"and the"wisdom of mutual learning"inherent in the""appreciation of other forms of beauty".Furthermore,it explores how Mr.Fei,in the final moments of his academic career,turned"unity in diversity"into a"Chinese-style expression of thought"and established the"sixteenword maxim"as the core idea of"harmony but not uniformity"in traditional Chinese culture.展开更多
Our reconstructions of folk concepts are often influenced by the metaphysical and epistemological doctrines we are committed to.Surprisingly enough,this influence is rarely recognized in definitional debates and has b...Our reconstructions of folk concepts are often influenced by the metaphysical and epistemological doctrines we are committed to.Surprisingly enough,this influence is rarely recognized in definitional debates and has been mostly overlooked in the literature on philosophical definitions.It is frequent for philosophers to act as if only evidential support(for example,our intuitions across real and hypothetical cases)should be considered when choosing between competing reconstructions.This programmatic paper analyzes the interplay between philosophical commitments and evidence in the reconstruction of folk concepts.It also clarifies the precise manner in which metaphysical and epistemological doctrines influence philosophical definitions,why the incidence of metaphysical and epistemological doctrines is rarely recognized,and why theoretically motivated definitions should not be assimilated to the two major forms of definitions recognized in the relevant literature(descriptive and revisionary).展开更多
文摘Any ecosystem is commonly composed of organism and environmental system. Vegetation is primary producer and key factor of biological system,while water and soil are leading factors of environmental system. How to conform to and use nature,protect the integrity and continuity of the ecosystem,play ecological service function of the system,protect and improve eco-environment needs grasping key factor of ecosystem or principal contradiction,namely water,soil and vegetation. Said from the source,all human activities are dealing with water,soil and vegetation,and continuously using and changing water,soil and vegetation for production of material goods and social economic construction,thereby affecting and changing natural environment. Main problems of eco-environment are induced by the interference and destruction on water,soil and vegetation by human activities. But human beings cannot manipulate and change natural phenomenon and rule,such as sunlight,diurnal variation and revolution of the earth. Soil and water ecology is the deepening and development of soil and water conservation view,and innovation and expansion of ecological science,and indicates a kind of ecological equilibrium relationship among soil,water and vegetation on the earth inter-associating,inter-promoting and inter-developing. Broadly speaking,soil and water ecology indicates the sum total of all relations among water,soil and vegetation in motion and evolution process. Cognition of soil and water ecology from the height of philosophy is conducive to further understanding important position and role of soil and water ecology theory in eco-environment,correctly recognizing position and relationship between man and nature,and clearly finding the key of current eco-environment problem and its future and direction,which could provide important theoretic support for maintaining earth's eco-environment and realizing sustainable development of mankind.
文摘Zixue is a collective term for the knowledge and thought contained under“Philosophical Writings of the Masters”(Zi Shu子书)in the Siku Quanshu Zongmu(Catalogue of the Complete Library in Four Divisions).From the point of view of philosophical epistemology,the branch of learning known as the Study of the Masters or zixue(子学)is in fact about broad understanding of the myriad things on the knowledge dimension and practicing discernment amid multitudinous theories and seeing intent on entering the way on the dimension of thought.The relative balance between the dimensions of knowledge and thought in zixue reflect both the historical circumstances of the continuous growth of traditional learning/knowledge and the fact that zixue is open and pluralistic in character.The innovation of contemporary Chinese philosophy must be fundamentally related to the social practice of China's great era,but one feasible way to make this happen is to draw useful cultural inspiration from the historical process of the dynamic interaction between knowledge and thought in traditional zixue,thus allowing tradition to take on greater vitality and vigor and develop new forms.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to analyze risks of transgenic technology. [Method] Discussions on risks of transgenic technologies were conducted from perspective of philosophy. [Result] Mechanistic philosophy and reductionism are causes of reflection on risks of transgenic technology. Considering transgene is an artificial choice taking place of natural choice, it is inevitable for risks of transgenic technology to be found. In addition, social system constitutes the root for out-of-control of transgenic technology, hence, mechanism risk is the primary cause of transgenic risks. [Conclusion] It is inescapable for science view to be changed from arbitrary and lopsided to reflective and comprehensive and for technology view to be changed from exterminative and genesic to protective and symbiotic.
文摘There is a profound and close relationship between philosophy and drama. All great writers have a philosophical vision and fantasy of one kind or another. As Wang Guowei said, "A Dream of Red Mansions is universally acclaimed as a philosophical and literary work." However, Chinese drama has always been plagued by pragmatism and instrumentalism, and often finds itself caught in the trap of philosophical poverty when it comes to dramatic writing and theoretical criticism related to drama. Friedrich Engels once said, "The immense depth of thought and the historical content are perfectly integrated with the vividness and richness of Shakespearean plots." This remains the highest philosophical standards we are going to reach in dramatic writing.
文摘This research is based on the framework of social constructivism,utilizing the principle of Human Universals as a methodology to compare the similarities and differences between the ideation and formation methods of Chinese characters and English alphabets.Through comparative analysis of the ideation of English letters(pictogramme)and the origin of Chinese characters,known as the"Six Categories Theory,"we discover their alignment in terms of social,traditional,and cultural aspects.This suggests that different ethnic groups share common features in terms of life experience,learning cognitive development,and thinking habits.This study also finds that the origins of English letters and Chinese characters share similar linguistic features in their methods of constructing letters/characters,such as pictographic,ideographic,and semantic characteristics.Exploring these commonalities contributes to promoting learning and communication between Chinese and English characters.Additionally,by focusing on socio-cultural aspects,traditional customs,and cognitive learning,this study aims to break away from the traditional linguistic research approach that solely focuses on language differences.This provides a broader perspective and richer dimensions for Chinese and English language learning,facilitating the development of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communication.
文摘This paper provides a comprehensive examination of euthanasia from various perspectives,including medical,legal,religious,philosophical,and moral.The study also explores the public perceptions and trends in Malta.The medical perspective analyses the benefits and risks of euthanasia and its impact on the healthcare system.The legal perspective discusses the legality of euthanasia in Malta and the potential legal implications of legalizing the practice.The religious perspective explores the beliefs of various religious groups in Malta,particularly Catholicism,on euthanasia.The philosophical perspective discusses the ethical and moral considerations of euthanasia.The paper also analyses the results of surveys conducted in Malta,examining the public’s attitudes towards euthanasia.Overall,the study provides a thorough analysis of euthanasia from various angles,shedding light on the complex and controversial nature of the topic.
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relevance of the aesthetic understanding of the Western culture’s development in Nietzsche’s thought based on his artistic conception of interpretation.In order to accomplish this,his considerations on the figure of Homer in the production of the classical imaginary of Greek culture are taken as a discursive motif in the comparison between three distinct nuclei of his oeuvres,namely,his methodological discussions on philology,his theoretical analyses on the rhetorical nature of language-both from the time of his academic activity in Basel-and his philosophical reflections on creative interpretation in the 1880s.The fundamental premises raised by such comparison are the following:(a)interpretation as an art is a consequence of language as a pragmatically produced system of references;and(b)language is a practical aspect of the individual’s synthetic organic condition as a body in the world.As such,interpretation would be an aesthetic synthesis in Nietzsche’s philosophy.As a concluding remark,it should be demonstrated how the interpreter conceived as a creator is as worthwhile for understanding the historical processes of cultural transmission as it is for launching prospects for the future of cultural horizons.
文摘Mr.Fei Xiaotong is not only the founder of anthropology and sociology in China but also a wise scholar well-versed in world civilization history.His sixteenword maxim,"Ge Mei Qi Mei,Mei Ren Zhi Mei,Mei Mei Yu Gong,Tian Xia Da Tong"(各美其美,美人之美,美美与共,天下大同;Everyformof beautyhas its uniqueness;It is precious to appreciate other forms of beauty with openness;If beauty represents itself with diversity and integrity,the world will be blessed with harmony and unity.),spoken when he was eighty,still provides profound intellectual enlightenment for our contemplation of the"Community for the Chinese Nation and Community of Shared Future for mankind".Truly understanding the logical premise of"beauty in sharing,a harmonious world"lies in deeply understanding the"wisdom of sharing"inherent in"each beauty has its own beauty"and the"wisdom of mutual learning"inherent in the""appreciation of other forms of beauty".Furthermore,it explores how Mr.Fei,in the final moments of his academic career,turned"unity in diversity"into a"Chinese-style expression of thought"and established the"sixteenword maxim"as the core idea of"harmony but not uniformity"in traditional Chinese culture.
文摘Our reconstructions of folk concepts are often influenced by the metaphysical and epistemological doctrines we are committed to.Surprisingly enough,this influence is rarely recognized in definitional debates and has been mostly overlooked in the literature on philosophical definitions.It is frequent for philosophers to act as if only evidential support(for example,our intuitions across real and hypothetical cases)should be considered when choosing between competing reconstructions.This programmatic paper analyzes the interplay between philosophical commitments and evidence in the reconstruction of folk concepts.It also clarifies the precise manner in which metaphysical and epistemological doctrines influence philosophical definitions,why the incidence of metaphysical and epistemological doctrines is rarely recognized,and why theoretically motivated definitions should not be assimilated to the two major forms of definitions recognized in the relevant literature(descriptive and revisionary).
