We developed a novel cement evaluation logging tool,named the azimuthally acoustic bond tool（AABT）,which uses a phased-arc array transmitter with azimuthal detection capability.We combined numerical simulations and ...We developed a novel cement evaluation logging tool,named the azimuthally acoustic bond tool（AABT）,which uses a phased-arc array transmitter with azimuthal detection capability.We combined numerical simulations and field tests to verify the AABT tool.The numerical simulation results showed that the radiation direction of the subarray corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the first arrival matches the azimuth of the channeling when it is behind the casing.With larger channeling size in the circumferential direction,the amplitude difference of the casing wave at different azimuths becomes more evident.The test results showed that the AABT can accurately locate the casing collars and evaluate the cement bond quality with azimuthal resolution at the casing-cement interface,and can visualize the size,depth,and azimuth of channeling.In the case of good casingcement bonding,the AABT can further evaluate the cement bond quality at the cementformation interface with azimuthal resolution by using the amplitude map and the velocity of the formation wave.展开更多
Transducers that are widely applied in cement bond evaluation tools, such as cement bond logs and variable density logs, cannot radiate acoustic energy directionally because of the characteristics of monopole sources....Transducers that are widely applied in cement bond evaluation tools, such as cement bond logs and variable density logs, cannot radiate acoustic energy directionally because of the characteristics of monopole sources. A phased arc array transmitter, which is a novel transducer that differs from monopole and dipole transducers, is presented in this study. To simulate the acoustic field generated by a phased arc array in a fluid-filled cased borehole with different channelings, a 3D finite-difference time-domain method is adopted. The acoustic field generated by a traditional monopole source is also simulated and compared with the field generated by the phased arc array transmitter. Numerical simulation results show that the phased arc array radiates energy directionally in a narrow angular range in the borehole, thereby compressing the acoustic energy into a narrow range in the casing pipe, the cement, and the formation. We present the analyses of first-arrival waveforms and the amplitudes of casing waves at different azimuthal angles for the two different sources. The results indicate that employing a directional source facilitates azimuthal identification and analysis of possible channeling behind the casing pipe.展开更多
针对传统声波测井井下仪器声源没有指向性或无法控制声波信号辐射指向性的不足,研制了方位声波测井仪(AABT,Azimuthally Acoustic Bond Tool)。该仪器能够实现定向测量,评价第Ⅰ界面和第Ⅱ界面的固井质量情况,并具有较好的周向分辨特性...针对传统声波测井井下仪器声源没有指向性或无法控制声波信号辐射指向性的不足,研制了方位声波测井仪(AABT,Azimuthally Acoustic Bond Tool)。该仪器能够实现定向测量,评价第Ⅰ界面和第Ⅱ界面的固井质量情况,并具有较好的周向分辨特性,其周向分辨能力可达40°,具有好的一致性和准确性。该仪器与单极子、偶极子和四极子等声波测井声源相比,真正实现了周向扫描测量,在固井质量评价、非均质地层评价、定向射孔、定向钻井和井间地层评价等方面有良好的应用前景。介绍了AABT测井仪的电子系统设计方案。仪器由发射电子线路短节、主测控电子线路短节和声系组成。对仪器电子系统的主要构成模块、各部分的主要功能和关键技术进行了比较详细的分析,并给出了初步的现场试验结果。展开更多
The acoustic tools widely used in borehole well logging and being developed in borehole acoustic reflection imaging do not have the function of azimuthal measurement due to a symmetric source, so they can not be used ...The acoustic tools widely used in borehole well logging and being developed in borehole acoustic reflection imaging do not have the function of azimuthal measurement due to a symmetric source, so they can not be used to evaluate the azimuthal character of borehole formation. In this paper, a 3D finite difference method was used to simulate the acoustic fields in a fluid-filled borehole generated by a traditional monopole source and a phased arc array. Acoustic waveforms were presented for both cases. The analysis of the simulated waveforms showed that different from the monopole source, the acoustic energy generated by the phased arc array transmitter mainly radiated to the borehole in a narrow azimuthal range, which was the key technique to implement azimuthal acoustic well logging. Similar to the monopole source, the waveforms generated by the phased arc array in the fluid-filled borehole also contain compressional （P） waves and shear （S） waves refracted along the borehole, which is the theoretical foundation of phased arc array acoustic well logging.展开更多
A 3-phase a.c. arc plasma reactor with large volume plasma has been developed for the synthesis of new carbon nano-structures. One of the main characteristics of the plasma system is related to the absence of a fixed ...A 3-phase a.c. arc plasma reactor with large volume plasma has been developed for the synthesis of new carbon nano-structures. One of the main characteristics of the plasma system is related to the absence of a fixed neutral point. This gives rise to a rich and complex phenomenology related to instabilities and arc motion since the arcs are ＂burning＂ freely in the gas flow between the three electrodes. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the behavior of such a system under typical conditions using argon and nitrogen as plasma gases. A classification of are configuration, arc commutating, arc interaction, arc motion and arc instabilities are discussed based on ultra high-speed cine camera analysis. A simple model describing the time evolution of the system is also presented and compared with the experimental measurements. The results show that an adequate control could allow the improvement of the overall system.展开更多
An innovative in-flight glass melting technology with a multi-phase AC arc plasma was developed to save energy and reduce emissions for the glass industry. The effect of the injection position on the in-flight melting...An innovative in-flight glass melting technology with a multi-phase AC arc plasma was developed to save energy and reduce emissions for the glass industry. The effect of the injection position on the in-flight melting behavior of granulated powders was investigated. Results show that the injection position has a strong effect on the melting behavior of alkali-free glass raw material. With the increase in injection distance, the vitrification, decomposition, and particle shrinkage of initial powders are improved. Longer injection distance causes much energy to transfer to particles due to a longer residence time of powder in the high temperature zone. The high vitrification and decomposition degrees indicate that the new in-flight melting technology with 12-phase AC arc can substantially reduce the melting and refining time for glass production.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11204380,11374371,61102102,and11134011)National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2011ZX05020-009)+1 种基金China National Petroleum Corporation(Nos.2014B-4011,2014D-4105,and 2014A-3912)PetroChina Innovation Foundation(No.2014D-5006-0307)
文摘We developed a novel cement evaluation logging tool,named the azimuthally acoustic bond tool（AABT）,which uses a phased-arc array transmitter with azimuthal detection capability.We combined numerical simulations and field tests to verify the AABT tool.The numerical simulation results showed that the radiation direction of the subarray corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the first arrival matches the azimuth of the channeling when it is behind the casing.With larger channeling size in the circumferential direction,the amplitude difference of the casing wave at different azimuths becomes more evident.The test results showed that the AABT can accurately locate the casing collars and evaluate the cement bond quality with azimuthal resolution at the casing-cement interface,and can visualize the size,depth,and azimuth of channeling.In the case of good casingcement bonding,the AABT can further evaluate the cement bond quality at the cementformation interface with azimuthal resolution by using the amplitude map and the velocity of the formation wave.
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (Grant Nos. 11204380, 11374371, 11134011 and 61102102)National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2011ZX05020-009)PetroChina Innovation Foundation (2013D-5006-0304)
文摘Transducers that are widely applied in cement bond evaluation tools, such as cement bond logs and variable density logs, cannot radiate acoustic energy directionally because of the characteristics of monopole sources. A phased arc array transmitter, which is a novel transducer that differs from monopole and dipole transducers, is presented in this study. To simulate the acoustic field generated by a phased arc array in a fluid-filled cased borehole with different channelings, a 3D finite-difference time-domain method is adopted. The acoustic field generated by a traditional monopole source is also simulated and compared with the field generated by the phased arc array transmitter. Numerical simulation results show that the phased arc array radiates energy directionally in a narrow angular range in the borehole, thereby compressing the acoustic energy into a narrow range in the casing pipe, the cement, and the formation. We present the analyses of first-arrival waveforms and the amplitudes of casing waves at different azimuthal angles for the two different sources. The results indicate that employing a directional source facilitates azimuthal identification and analysis of possible channeling behind the casing pipe.
文摘针对传统声波测井井下仪器声源没有指向性或无法控制声波信号辐射指向性的不足,研制了方位声波测井仪(AABT,Azimuthally Acoustic Bond Tool)。该仪器能够实现定向测量,评价第Ⅰ界面和第Ⅱ界面的固井质量情况,并具有较好的周向分辨特性,其周向分辨能力可达40°,具有好的一致性和准确性。该仪器与单极子、偶极子和四极子等声波测井声源相比,真正实现了周向扫描测量,在固井质量评价、非均质地层评价、定向射孔、定向钻井和井间地层评价等方面有良好的应用前景。介绍了AABT测井仪的电子系统设计方案。仪器由发射电子线路短节、主测控电子线路短节和声系组成。对仪器电子系统的主要构成模块、各部分的主要功能和关键技术进行了比较详细的分析,并给出了初步的现场试验结果。
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(Grant Nos.10534040,40574049 and 40874097)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Programof Higher Education(Grant No.20070425028)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resourceand Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Grant No.PRPDX2008-08).
文摘The acoustic tools widely used in borehole well logging and being developed in borehole acoustic reflection imaging do not have the function of azimuthal measurement due to a symmetric source, so they can not be used to evaluate the azimuthal character of borehole formation. In this paper, a 3D finite difference method was used to simulate the acoustic fields in a fluid-filled borehole generated by a traditional monopole source and a phased arc array. Acoustic waveforms were presented for both cases. The analysis of the simulated waveforms showed that different from the monopole source, the acoustic energy generated by the phased arc array transmitter mainly radiated to the borehole in a narrow azimuthal range, which was the key technique to implement azimuthal acoustic well logging. Similar to the monopole source, the waveforms generated by the phased arc array in the fluid-filled borehole also contain compressional （P） waves and shear （S） waves refracted along the borehole, which is the theoretical foundation of phased arc array acoustic well logging.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10375065)Anhui Natural Science Foundation (03045102)+1 种基金Europeam Commission projects NanoComp HPRN-CR-2000-0037PlasmaCarb G5RD-CT-1999-00173
文摘A 3-phase a.c. arc plasma reactor with large volume plasma has been developed for the synthesis of new carbon nano-structures. One of the main characteristics of the plasma system is related to the absence of a fixed neutral point. This gives rise to a rich and complex phenomenology related to instabilities and arc motion since the arcs are ＂burning＂ freely in the gas flow between the three electrodes. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the behavior of such a system under typical conditions using argon and nitrogen as plasma gases. A classification of are configuration, arc commutating, arc interaction, arc motion and arc instabilities are discussed based on ultra high-speed cine camera analysis. A simple model describing the time evolution of the system is also presented and compared with the experimental measurements. The results show that an adequate control could allow the improvement of the overall system.
基金supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization of Japan and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry of China
文摘An innovative in-flight glass melting technology with a multi-phase AC arc plasma was developed to save energy and reduce emissions for the glass industry. The effect of the injection position on the in-flight melting behavior of granulated powders was investigated. Results show that the injection position has a strong effect on the melting behavior of alkali-free glass raw material. With the increase in injection distance, the vitrification, decomposition, and particle shrinkage of initial powders are improved. Longer injection distance causes much energy to transfer to particles due to a longer residence time of powder in the high temperature zone. The high vitrification and decomposition degrees indicate that the new in-flight melting technology with 12-phase AC arc can substantially reduce the melting and refining time for glass production.
