Emerging contaminants(ECs)have aroused great concerns due to their widespread presence as well as their potential health and ecological risks.Currently monitoring data about ECs in Chinese rural areas are still limite...Emerging contaminants(ECs)have aroused great concerns due to their widespread presence as well as their potential health and ecological risks.Currently monitoring data about ECs in Chinese rural areas are still limited.In this study,Taige Canal basin was selected as a typical rural area for a pilot study.The occurrence of ECs,including pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs),pesticides,plasticizers and flame retardants,in surface water and aquaculture ponds,as well as in wastewater treatment facilities,was comprehensively investigated.The effectiveness of rural decentralized wastewater treatment facilities and centralized wastewater treatment plant(WWTP)in removing ECs was also analyzed.Among 126 commonly used pesticides for target analysis,25 compounds were detected in surface water with high frequency of>80%.Besides,55 PPCPs,21 pesticides and 18 other industrial products were identified by non-target analysis using high resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS).Totally 18 compounds were detected in surface water with a frequency of>60%and 6 of them were found in all samples,including irbesartan,valsartan,propazine,buprofezin,bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)and tri-(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate(TCPP),with mean concentrations of 3022,195,125,218,3738 and 545 ng/L,respectively.There are 29 compounds(11 PPCPs,8 pesticides and 10 other industrial products)detected in water samples from the aquaculture ponds,of which 13 compounds were found in all three ponds.The removal efficiencies of ECs in wastewater treatment facilities are generally limited,except valsartan(82%–86%),nobiletin(100%)and diisodecylphthalate(100%)were found to be significantly removed.展开更多
The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticate is an important agricultural pest worldwide.It is extremely polyphagous and has developed resistance to many pesticides.Here,we assessed the pesticide resistance of sev...The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticate is an important agricultural pest worldwide.It is extremely polyphagous and has developed resistance to many pesticides.Here,we assessed the pesticide resistance of seven field populations of T.urticae in China,their target site mutations and the activities of their detoxification enzymes.The results showed that abamectin and the traditional pesticides pyridaben,profenofos and bifenthrin had higher resistance or lower toxicity than more recently developed pesticides including chlorfenapyr,spinetoram,cyflumetofen,cyenopyrafen,bifenazate and B-azolemiteacrylic.The frequency of point mutations related to abamectin resistance,G314D in the glutamate-gated chloride channel 1(GluCl1)and G326E in GluC13,ranged 47%-70%and 0%-97%,respectively.The frequency of point mutations in A1215D and F1538I of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene(VGSC),which may increase resistance to pyrethroids,ranged 88%-100%and 10%-100%,respectively.For target sites related to organophosphate resistance,mutation frequencies ranged 25%-92%for G119S and 0%-23%for A201S in the acetycholinesterase gene(Ace).Mutation G126S in the bifenazate resistance-related cytochrome b gene(Cytb)was observed in three of the seven T.urticae populations.Higher activities of detoxification enzymes(P450,GST,CarEs and UGTs)were observed in two T.urticae populations,with significant difference in the XY-SX population.These results provide useful information on the status of pesticide resistance of T.urticae in China and suggest that T.urticae field populations may have multiple resistance mechanisms.展开更多
昆虫I家族N-乙酰-D-己糖胺酶Hex1(N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase family I)是昆虫蜕皮和变态发育中不可或缺的几丁质水解酶.下调或干扰Hex1基因表达水平将导致昆虫蜕皮不正常而死亡.Hex1在生理功能上是特异的表皮几丁质降解酶,功能区别于...昆虫I家族N-乙酰-D-己糖胺酶Hex1(N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase family I)是昆虫蜕皮和变态发育中不可或缺的几丁质水解酶.下调或干扰Hex1基因表达水平将导致昆虫蜕皮不正常而死亡.Hex1在生理功能上是特异的表皮几丁质降解酶,功能区别于人类以及高等动植物的同源酶,因此,Hex1可能成为潜在的农药创制靶标.近10年来,昆虫Hex1的研究在生物学和化学生物学等领域取得了突出进展.其中,来源于农业害虫亚洲玉米螟—Hex1(OfHex1)的晶体结构的解析取得重要进展,为针对Hex1的农用小分子理性设计提供理论基础.本文重点针对OfHex1的生理功能、结构特征以及选择性抑制剂等方面的研究进展进行综述.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment in China(No.2017ZX07202004).
文摘Emerging contaminants(ECs)have aroused great concerns due to their widespread presence as well as their potential health and ecological risks.Currently monitoring data about ECs in Chinese rural areas are still limited.In this study,Taige Canal basin was selected as a typical rural area for a pilot study.The occurrence of ECs,including pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs),pesticides,plasticizers and flame retardants,in surface water and aquaculture ponds,as well as in wastewater treatment facilities,was comprehensively investigated.The effectiveness of rural decentralized wastewater treatment facilities and centralized wastewater treatment plant(WWTP)in removing ECs was also analyzed.Among 126 commonly used pesticides for target analysis,25 compounds were detected in surface water with high frequency of>80%.Besides,55 PPCPs,21 pesticides and 18 other industrial products were identified by non-target analysis using high resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS).Totally 18 compounds were detected in surface water with a frequency of>60%and 6 of them were found in all samples,including irbesartan,valsartan,propazine,buprofezin,bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)and tri-(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate(TCPP),with mean concentrations of 3022,195,125,218,3738 and 545 ng/L,respectively.There are 29 compounds(11 PPCPs,8 pesticides and 10 other industrial products)detected in water samples from the aquaculture ponds,of which 13 compounds were found in all three ponds.The removal efficiencies of ECs in wastewater treatment facilities are generally limited,except valsartan(82%–86%),nobiletin(100%)and diisodecylphthalate(100%)were found to be significantly removed.
基金This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0200500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072458)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-25)the Beijing Key Laboratory for Pest Control and Sustainable Cultivation of Vegetables,and the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS).
文摘The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticate is an important agricultural pest worldwide.It is extremely polyphagous and has developed resistance to many pesticides.Here,we assessed the pesticide resistance of seven field populations of T.urticae in China,their target site mutations and the activities of their detoxification enzymes.The results showed that abamectin and the traditional pesticides pyridaben,profenofos and bifenthrin had higher resistance or lower toxicity than more recently developed pesticides including chlorfenapyr,spinetoram,cyflumetofen,cyenopyrafen,bifenazate and B-azolemiteacrylic.The frequency of point mutations related to abamectin resistance,G314D in the glutamate-gated chloride channel 1(GluCl1)and G326E in GluC13,ranged 47%-70%and 0%-97%,respectively.The frequency of point mutations in A1215D and F1538I of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene(VGSC),which may increase resistance to pyrethroids,ranged 88%-100%and 10%-100%,respectively.For target sites related to organophosphate resistance,mutation frequencies ranged 25%-92%for G119S and 0%-23%for A201S in the acetycholinesterase gene(Ace).Mutation G126S in the bifenazate resistance-related cytochrome b gene(Cytb)was observed in three of the seven T.urticae populations.Higher activities of detoxification enzymes(P450,GST,CarEs and UGTs)were observed in two T.urticae populations,with significant difference in the XY-SX population.These results provide useful information on the status of pesticide resistance of T.urticae in China and suggest that T.urticae field populations may have multiple resistance mechanisms.
文摘昆虫I家族N-乙酰-D-己糖胺酶Hex1(N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase family I)是昆虫蜕皮和变态发育中不可或缺的几丁质水解酶.下调或干扰Hex1基因表达水平将导致昆虫蜕皮不正常而死亡.Hex1在生理功能上是特异的表皮几丁质降解酶,功能区别于人类以及高等动植物的同源酶,因此,Hex1可能成为潜在的农药创制靶标.近10年来,昆虫Hex1的研究在生物学和化学生物学等领域取得了突出进展.其中,来源于农业害虫亚洲玉米螟—Hex1(OfHex1)的晶体结构的解析取得重要进展,为针对Hex1的农用小分子理性设计提供理论基础.本文重点针对OfHex1的生理功能、结构特征以及选择性抑制剂等方面的研究进展进行综述.
