Investigating missing persons who are presumed dead in conflict contexts almost always involves witness interviews.Interviews can be critical both to locating burial sites and to positively identifying bodies that are...Investigating missing persons who are presumed dead in conflict contexts almost always involves witness interviews.Interviews can be critical both to locating burial sites and to positively identifying bodies that are located.Despite the importance of interviews,the authors have found that investigators in these contexts seldom have formal training on interviewing.This article highlights three principal problems that the authors have experienced relative to interviewing as part of missing persons investigations in armed conflict contexts:that interviewing is not treated as a professional activity;the tendency to overvalue technical tools in the search for burial sites;and a lack of awareness about cultural and contextual factors that impact interviews.The article concludes with five recommendations on how to improve witness interviewing.展开更多
目的:对采用世界卫生组织复合性国际诊断交谈表(Composite International Diagnostic Interview,CIDI-3.0)的纸笔版(Paper and Pencil Interview,PAPI)和计算机辅助版(Computer Assisted Personal Interview,CAPI)进行成本分析,为选择...目的:对采用世界卫生组织复合性国际诊断交谈表(Composite International Diagnostic Interview,CIDI-3.0)的纸笔版(Paper and Pencil Interview,PAPI)和计算机辅助版(Computer Assisted Personal Interview,CAPI)进行成本分析,为选择最小成本的版本提供经济学依据。方法:收集以使用CIDI-3.0进行临床评估时的相关信息,采用卫生经济学中成本分析方法,分别估计采用PAPI与CAPI两种版本进行调查时所需的固定成本和可变成本,并比较两种版本的成本差值。结果:(1)通过设定样本量、访谈员和录入员人数为自变量,采用由软件费、问卷印刷费、劳务费、计算机购置和折旧费所决定的成本系数,推导出CIDI-3.0两个版本的成本差值计算公式;(2)在确定样本量,并限定总体调查时间的条件下,根据北京地区物价水平,提供了由访谈员人数和录入员人数确定最小成本选择方式。结论:选择在社区和综合医院进行流行病学调查所需的最佳版本,取决于样本量,雇佣访谈员人数,录入员人数,总体调查时间以及本地成本系数。展开更多
It is known to all that distinct choices of deixis can reflect various meanings underlying the surface level. In addition to conveying a specific reference and inference, it can reflect the people's mental activit...It is known to all that distinct choices of deixis can reflect various meanings underlying the surface level. In addition to conveying a specific reference and inference, it can reflect the people's mental activities. From the perspective of psychological distance, this thesis tends to interpret the connotation underlying the the deixis chosen by those teachers in a thesis defense interview so as to help them better understand their self-identity and psychological. Besides, through this study, the students, who attend the thesis defense interview, are able to improve their capability dealing with those teachers' questions.展开更多
文摘Investigating missing persons who are presumed dead in conflict contexts almost always involves witness interviews.Interviews can be critical both to locating burial sites and to positively identifying bodies that are located.Despite the importance of interviews,the authors have found that investigators in these contexts seldom have formal training on interviewing.This article highlights three principal problems that the authors have experienced relative to interviewing as part of missing persons investigations in armed conflict contexts:that interviewing is not treated as a professional activity;the tendency to overvalue technical tools in the search for burial sites;and a lack of awareness about cultural and contextual factors that impact interviews.The article concludes with five recommendations on how to improve witness interviewing.
文摘目的:对采用世界卫生组织复合性国际诊断交谈表(Composite International Diagnostic Interview,CIDI-3.0)的纸笔版(Paper and Pencil Interview,PAPI)和计算机辅助版(Computer Assisted Personal Interview,CAPI)进行成本分析,为选择最小成本的版本提供经济学依据。方法:收集以使用CIDI-3.0进行临床评估时的相关信息,采用卫生经济学中成本分析方法,分别估计采用PAPI与CAPI两种版本进行调查时所需的固定成本和可变成本,并比较两种版本的成本差值。结果:(1)通过设定样本量、访谈员和录入员人数为自变量,采用由软件费、问卷印刷费、劳务费、计算机购置和折旧费所决定的成本系数,推导出CIDI-3.0两个版本的成本差值计算公式;(2)在确定样本量,并限定总体调查时间的条件下,根据北京地区物价水平,提供了由访谈员人数和录入员人数确定最小成本选择方式。结论:选择在社区和综合医院进行流行病学调查所需的最佳版本,取决于样本量,雇佣访谈员人数,录入员人数,总体调查时间以及本地成本系数。
文摘It is known to all that distinct choices of deixis can reflect various meanings underlying the surface level. In addition to conveying a specific reference and inference, it can reflect the people's mental activities. From the perspective of psychological distance, this thesis tends to interpret the connotation underlying the the deixis chosen by those teachers in a thesis defense interview so as to help them better understand their self-identity and psychological. Besides, through this study, the students, who attend the thesis defense interview, are able to improve their capability dealing with those teachers' questions.
