Percent free prostatic-specific antigen （%fPSA） has been introduced as a tool to avoid unnecessary biopsies in patients with a serum PSA level of 4.0-10.0 ng ml^-1, however, it remains controversial whether %fPSA is...Percent free prostatic-specific antigen （%fPSA） has been introduced as a tool to avoid unnecessary biopsies in patients with a serum PSA level of 4.0-10.0 ng ml^-1, however, it remains controversial whether %fPSA is effective in PSA range of 10.1-20.0 ng ml^-1 in both Chinese and Western population. In this study, the diagnostic performance of %fPSA and serum PSA in predicting prostate cancer （PCa） and high-grade PCa （HGPCa） was analyzed in a multi-center biopsy cohort of 5915 consecutive Chinese patients who underwent prostate biopsy in 22 hospitals across China from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013. The indication for biopsy was PSA〉4.0 ng ml^-1 or/and suspicious digital rectal examination. Total and free serum PSA determinations were performed by three types of electrochemiluminescence immunoassays with recalibration to the World Health Organization standards. The diagnostics accuracy of PSA, %fPSA and %fPSA in combination with PSA （%fPSA ＋ PSA） was determined by the area under the receivers operating characteristic curve （AUC）. %fPSA was more effective than PSA in men aged ≥60 years old. The AUC was 0.584 and 0.635 in men aged ≥60 years old with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng ml^-1 and 10.1-20.0 ng ml^-1, respectively. The AUC of %fPSA was superior to that of PSA in predicting HGPCa in patients ≥60 years old in these two PSA range. Our results indicated that %fPSA is both statistically effective and clinical applicable to predict prostate biopsy outcome in Chinese patients aged ≥60 years old with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng ml^-1 and 10.1-20.0 ng ml^-1.展开更多
Separation of particles from liquid in the large gravitational tanks is widely used in mining and industrial wastewater treatment process.Thickener is key unit in the operational processes of hydrometallurgy and is us...Separation of particles from liquid in the large gravitational tanks is widely used in mining and industrial wastewater treatment process.Thickener is key unit in the operational processes of hydrometallurgy and is used to separate solid from liquid.In this study,population balance models were combined with computational fluid dynamics(CFD)for modeling the tailing thickener.Parameters such as feed flow rate,flocculant dosage,inlet solid percent and feedwell were investigated.CFD was used to simulate the industrial tailing thickener with settled bed of 120 m diameter which is located in the Sarcheshmeh copper mine.Important factor of drag force that defines the rake torque of rotating paddles on the bed was also determined.Two phases turbulence model of Eulerian/Eulerian in accordance with turbulence model ofκ-ε.was used in the steady-state.Also population balance model consists of 15 groups of particle sizes with Luo and Lehr kernel was used for aggregation/breakage kernel.The simulation results showed good agreement with the operational data.展开更多
It was found earlier that moisture content (MC) of intact kernels of grain and nuts could be determined by Near Infra Red (NIR) reflectance spectrometry. However, if the MC values can be determined while the nuts are ...It was found earlier that moisture content (MC) of intact kernels of grain and nuts could be determined by Near Infra Red (NIR) reflectance spectrometry. However, if the MC values can be determined while the nuts are in their shells, it would save lot of labor and money spent in shelling and cleaning the nuts. Grain and nuts absorb low levels of NIR, and when NIR radiation is incident on them, a substantial portion of the radiation is reflected back. Thus, studying the NIR reflectance spectra emanating from in-shell peanuts, an attempt is made for the first time to determine the MC of in-shell peanuts. In-shell peanuts of two different market types, Virginia and Valencia, were conditioned to different moisture levels between 6% and 26% (wet basis), and separated into calibration and validation groups. NIR absorption spectral data from 1000 nm to 2500 nm in 1 nm intervals were collected from both groups. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Reference MC values for each moisture level in these groups were obtained using standard air-oven method. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was performed on the calibration data, and prediction models were developed. The Standard Error of Calibration (SEC), and R2 of the calibration models were computed to select the best calibration model. The selected models were used to predict the moisture content of peanuts in the validation sets. Predicted MC values of the validation samples were compared with their standard air-oven moisture values. Goodness of fit was determined based on the lowest Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) and highest R2 value obtained for the prediction models. The model, with reflectance plus normalization spectral data with an SEP of 0.74 for Valencia and 1.57 for Virginia type in-shell peanuts was selected as the best model. The corresponding R2 values were 0.98 for both peanut types. This work establishes the possibility of sensing MC of intact in-shell peanuts by NIR reflectance method, and would be useful for the pea展开更多
Objective:To test the diagnostic performance of percent free prostate-specific antigen(%fPSA)in predicting any prostate cancer(PCa)and high-grade prostate cancer(HGPCa)in a retrospective multi-center biopsy cohort wit...Objective:To test the diagnostic performance of percent free prostate-specific antigen(%fPSA)in predicting any prostate cancer(PCa)and high-grade prostate cancer(HGPCa)in a retrospective multi-center biopsy cohort with a PSA level of 4.0e10.0 ng/mL in China.Methods:Consecutive patients with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng/mL who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy were enrolled at 16 Chinese medical centers from January 1st,2010 to December 31st,2013.Total and free serum PSA determinations were performed using three types of electro-chemiluminescence immunoassays recalibrated to the World Health Organization(WHO)standard.The diagnostic accuracy of PSA,%fPSA,and %fPSA in combination with PSA(%fPSA t PSA)was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC).Results:A total of 2310 consecutive men with PSA levels between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL were included,and the detection rate of PCa was 25.1%.The AUC of%fPSA and %fPSA t PSA in predicting any PCa was superior to PSA alone in men aged≥60 years(0.623 vs.0.534,p<0.0001)but not in men aged 40e59 years(0.517 vs.0.518,p=0.939).Similar result was yield in predicting HGPCa.Conclusion:In a clinical setting of Chinese men with 4.0e10.0 ng/mL PSA undergoing initial prostate biopsy,adding %fPSA to PSA can moderately improve the diagnostic accuracy for any PCa and HGPCa compared with PSA alone in patients≥60 but not in patients aged 40-59 years.展开更多
It has been a focus to reduce the energy consumption and improve the space heating performance of high-altitude buildings in winter seasons. In view of the abundant solar energy resources of the high-altitude region, ...It has been a focus to reduce the energy consumption and improve the space heating performance of high-altitude buildings in winter seasons. In view of the abundant solar energy resources of the high-altitude region, the establishment of passive solar houses should be an effective strategy to deal with the problem of thermal comfort. Both window to wall ratio(WWR) and sunspace depth are of vital importance to determine the thermal comfort level of passive solar houses, while there are limited studies on analyzing their impacts on passive solar houses in high-altitude regions. Therefore, this study is designed to examine how WWR and sunspace depth affect space heating of passive solar houses in the Qinghai-Tibetan region. To be specific, the hourly radiation temperature variations and percentages of dissatisfaction of the residential building with different sunspace depth/WWR(including 0.9 m/33%, 0.9 m/45%, 0.9 m/60%, 1.2 m/33% and 1.5 m/33%) were quantitatively examined. Results indicated that under the condition of 0.9 m/45%, the overall average radiation temperature of the building was approximately 16°C during the entire heating season, which could better satisfy the heating requirements. Meanwhile, the average temperature was higher, and the thermal comfort level was better under the ratio of 45% or the depth of 1.5 m, when only an individual factor in either ratio or depth was considered. These findings can provide references for the determination of dimensions of passive solar houses in high-altitude regions.展开更多
312 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） in F9 from a cross between a overwintering cold-tolerant germplasm resource Glutinous rice 89-1（Gr 89-1） and a cold-sensitive variety Shuhui 527 was used for quantitative trait ...312 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） in F9 from a cross between a overwintering cold-tolerant germplasm resource Glutinous rice 89-1（Gr 89-1） and a cold-sensitive variety Shuhui 527 was used for quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis. The scores of percent ratooning germinability （PRG） and overwintering germinability （POG） were evaluated. The overwintering germination rate of axillary buds was scored to represent the overwintering germinability. Two significant QTLs （qPRG-4 and qPRG-7） on chromosomes 4 and 7 were detected and explained 8.3 and 7.2% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. Three significant QTLs （qPOG-2, qPOG-3 and qPOG-7） were identified and mapped on chromosomes 2, 3, and 7, respectively. These QTLs contributed 9.6, 6.7, and 17.8% of phenotypic variations, respectively. A comparative analysis using SSR markers closely linked to the three QTLs for the overwintering revealed cold-tolerant individuals, which harbour the Glutinous rice 89-1 alleles at RM7110, RM250, RM418, and RM232, had a high percent overwintering germinability, while cold-sensitive individuals, which carry Shuhui 527 alleles at these loci, had a low percent overwintering germinability in the F2 population of Shuhui 527/Glutinous rice 89-1. This study demonstrated the utility of these SSR markers for selection of overwintering germinability genotypes.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the long term（≥5 y） efficacy, predictability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis（LASIK） in eyes with thin corneas [central corneal thickness（CCT） 〈500 μm]. METHODS： A total of 33...AIM： To investigate the long term（≥5 y） efficacy, predictability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis（LASIK） in eyes with thin corneas [central corneal thickness（CCT） 〈500 μm]. METHODS： A total of 339 patients met the criteria of this study. Finally, 175 eyes of 89 patients who had thin corneas and underwent LASIK≥5 y ago returned to our clinic and included in this study. Preoperative parameters recorded included uncorrected visual acuity（UCVA）, corrected distance visual acuity（CDVA）, manifest refraction, CCT and corneal topography. At returning visits, in addition to visual acuity and manifest refraction, ultrasound CCT and corneal topography were performed. Optical coherence tomography was used to measure the CCT, LASIK flap thickness, and residual stromal bed thickness（RSBT）. Safety index, efficacy index, percentage of eyes within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D of refraction, percent tissue altered（PTA）, and percentage stromal bed thickness（PSBT） were calculated. RESULTS： The safety index was 1.09 and efficacy index was 0.99. The percentages of eyes within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D were 71.2% and 87.7%, respectively. The mean PTA was 40%±6%（range 20% to 55%）; 76 eyes（43.4%） had PTA 〈40% and 99 eyes（56.6%） had PTA≥40%. The mean RSBT was 303±27 μm（range 240 to 390 μm）, and 2 eyes had RSBT〈250 μm. The mean PSBT was 61%±9%（range 51% to 85%）. No eyes developed ectasia. CONCLUSION： In this cohort with the PSBT of 50% or more, LASIK is safe with follow-up for at least 5 y.展开更多
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of age and breed of cattle on carcass and meat characteristics in Ethiopia. A total of 39 (Arsi 11, Boran 14 and Harar 14) cattle breeds with age categories of &...The objective of this study was to determine the effect of age and breed of cattle on carcass and meat characteristics in Ethiopia. A total of 39 (Arsi 11, Boran 14 and Harar 14) cattle breeds with age categories of <3, 4 - 6, and 7 - 9 years were used for the study. The bulls were purchased from their respective production system of mixed crop livestock system (Arsi and Harar) and Ranch (Boran). Parameters such as live and carcass weight, meat yield percent, fat characteristics, and primal beef cuts were evaluated. Complete randomized design was used for the study. The live weight of bulls at <3, 4 - 6 and 7 - 9 years ranged 135 - 183, 167 - 181, and 155 - 433 kg, respectively. The carcass weight, dressing percentage, meat yield percent, forequarter, hindquarter, rib eye area, and fat thickness ranged 57 - 209.73 kg, 41.8% - 51.6%, 32% - 58%, 11.7 - 56.42 kg, 14.04 - 45.34 kg, 4.78 - 10.25 square inches and 0.18 - 0.38 inches, respectively. At an early age category (<3 years) meat yield percentage of Arsi, Boran and Harar breeds were 50.86, 30 and 18.72, respectively, and as age category shifted from one age category to the next Harar increased by 13× and Boran by 2.9× and Arsi decreased by -0.93×. The mean rib percentage of Arsi, Boran and Harar were in the range of 7.98 - 9.57, 8.62 - 10.44 and 7.08 - 8.83, respectively. Breed and age of bulls had significantly affected primal meat cuts. Meat yield was predicted from live and hot carcass weight with coefficient determination (R2) of 70.66% and 74.75%, respectively. From the study, it was concluded that age and breeds of cattle had significantly influence on carcass and meat characteristics. Therefore, to determine whether variations were due to genetic or environmental cause’s evaluation of the three breeds under similar feeding condition was recommended.展开更多
Background:The epidemic of overweight and obesity has become a worldwide public health problem.Cardiometabolic diseases may originate in childhood.We investigated the association between percent body fat(PBF)measured ...Background:The epidemic of overweight and obesity has become a worldwide public health problem.Cardiometabolic diseases may originate in childhood.We investigated the association between percent body fat(PBF)measured by the bioelectrical impedance assay and cardiometabolic risk(CMR)in pediatrics.Methods:This cross-sectional study involved 3819 subjects(6-17 years old)in Shanghai.We assessed the association between PBF and body mass index(BMI)with multiple CMR factors.We examined the risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities attributable to overweight and obesity based on age-and sexspecific PBF Z-scores and BMI Z-scores,respectively.Results:PBF,but not BMI,was positively associated with multiple CMR factors in males and females except for total cholesterol in females(all p<0.05).Compared with the non-overweight group based on PBF,overweight and obese subjects had increasingly higher odds ratio of dyslipidemia(2.90(1.99-4.23),4.59(2.88-7.32)for males and 1.82(1.20-2.75),2.46(1.47-4.11)for females)and elevated blood pressure(BP)(3.26(2.35-4.51),4.55(2.92-7.09)for males and 1.59(1.07-2.34),3.98(2.27-6.17)for females).Obesity females showed a higher likelihood for hyperglycemia(2.19(1.24-3.84))than non-overweight females.In both sexes,the predictive effect of PBF on dyslipidemia and elevated BP in adolescents was better than that in children.For hyperglycemia,the predictive effect of PBF was better in male adolescents and female children.There was no risk difference for cardiometabolic abnormalities attributable to BMI-based obesity categories.Conclusions:PBF but not BMI was associated with CMR.Overweight and obesity categories based on PBF had an increased risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents.展开更多
The dual-frequency(DF)IP is a new kind of frequency domain IP method.Not only is thedual-frequency current transmitted simultaneously but the electric potential difference due to dualfrequency current is measured sync...The dual-frequency(DF)IP is a new kind of frequency domain IP method.Not only is thedual-frequency current transmitted simultaneously but the electric potential difference due to dualfrequency current is measured synchronously.This paper discusses the principle and charateristicof DF current, DF current can be formed by two rectangular currents which must be coherent orelse false Percent Frequency Effect(PEE)will occur.DF currents with different waveforms areequivalent in the ability of detecting IP anomalies.Unstable current has much less effect of DFIP than on conventional variable frequency method;in fact,there is no need to stabilize currentin DF IP method.There are many differences between harmonic contents of DF current and thatof rectangular wave used in variable frequency method,but theoretical analysis,labaratory mod-eling and field data all show that the anomalies of both DF and variable frequency method are sim-liar in character and close in value.DF IP can match variable frequeney IP and time domain IPin the ability of detecting IP anomaly,furthermore,dual-frequency IP measurements are morerapid,more accurate and more simple in operation.展开更多
文摘Percent free prostatic-specific antigen （%fPSA） has been introduced as a tool to avoid unnecessary biopsies in patients with a serum PSA level of 4.0-10.0 ng ml^-1, however, it remains controversial whether %fPSA is effective in PSA range of 10.1-20.0 ng ml^-1 in both Chinese and Western population. In this study, the diagnostic performance of %fPSA and serum PSA in predicting prostate cancer （PCa） and high-grade PCa （HGPCa） was analyzed in a multi-center biopsy cohort of 5915 consecutive Chinese patients who underwent prostate biopsy in 22 hospitals across China from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013. The indication for biopsy was PSA〉4.0 ng ml^-1 or/and suspicious digital rectal examination. Total and free serum PSA determinations were performed by three types of electrochemiluminescence immunoassays with recalibration to the World Health Organization standards. The diagnostics accuracy of PSA, %fPSA and %fPSA in combination with PSA （%fPSA ＋ PSA） was determined by the area under the receivers operating characteristic curve （AUC）. %fPSA was more effective than PSA in men aged ≥60 years old. The AUC was 0.584 and 0.635 in men aged ≥60 years old with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng ml^-1 and 10.1-20.0 ng ml^-1, respectively. The AUC of %fPSA was superior to that of PSA in predicting HGPCa in patients ≥60 years old in these two PSA range. Our results indicated that %fPSA is both statistically effective and clinical applicable to predict prostate biopsy outcome in Chinese patients aged ≥60 years old with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng ml^-1 and 10.1-20.0 ng ml^-1.
文摘Separation of particles from liquid in the large gravitational tanks is widely used in mining and industrial wastewater treatment process.Thickener is key unit in the operational processes of hydrometallurgy and is used to separate solid from liquid.In this study,population balance models were combined with computational fluid dynamics(CFD)for modeling the tailing thickener.Parameters such as feed flow rate,flocculant dosage,inlet solid percent and feedwell were investigated.CFD was used to simulate the industrial tailing thickener with settled bed of 120 m diameter which is located in the Sarcheshmeh copper mine.Important factor of drag force that defines the rake torque of rotating paddles on the bed was also determined.Two phases turbulence model of Eulerian/Eulerian in accordance with turbulence model ofκ-ε.was used in the steady-state.Also population balance model consists of 15 groups of particle sizes with Luo and Lehr kernel was used for aggregation/breakage kernel.The simulation results showed good agreement with the operational data.
文摘It was found earlier that moisture content (MC) of intact kernels of grain and nuts could be determined by Near Infra Red (NIR) reflectance spectrometry. However, if the MC values can be determined while the nuts are in their shells, it would save lot of labor and money spent in shelling and cleaning the nuts. Grain and nuts absorb low levels of NIR, and when NIR radiation is incident on them, a substantial portion of the radiation is reflected back. Thus, studying the NIR reflectance spectra emanating from in-shell peanuts, an attempt is made for the first time to determine the MC of in-shell peanuts. In-shell peanuts of two different market types, Virginia and Valencia, were conditioned to different moisture levels between 6% and 26% (wet basis), and separated into calibration and validation groups. NIR absorption spectral data from 1000 nm to 2500 nm in 1 nm intervals were collected from both groups. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Reference MC values for each moisture level in these groups were obtained using standard air-oven method. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was performed on the calibration data, and prediction models were developed. The Standard Error of Calibration (SEC), and R2 of the calibration models were computed to select the best calibration model. The selected models were used to predict the moisture content of peanuts in the validation sets. Predicted MC values of the validation samples were compared with their standard air-oven moisture values. Goodness of fit was determined based on the lowest Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) and highest R2 value obtained for the prediction models. The model, with reflectance plus normalization spectral data with an SEP of 0.74 for Valencia and 1.57 for Virginia type in-shell peanuts was selected as the best model. The corresponding R2 values were 0.98 for both peanut types. This work establishes the possibility of sensing MC of intact in-shell peanuts by NIR reflectance method, and would be useful for the pea
文摘Objective:To test the diagnostic performance of percent free prostate-specific antigen(%fPSA)in predicting any prostate cancer(PCa)and high-grade prostate cancer(HGPCa)in a retrospective multi-center biopsy cohort with a PSA level of 4.0e10.0 ng/mL in China.Methods:Consecutive patients with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng/mL who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy were enrolled at 16 Chinese medical centers from January 1st,2010 to December 31st,2013.Total and free serum PSA determinations were performed using three types of electro-chemiluminescence immunoassays recalibrated to the World Health Organization(WHO)standard.The diagnostic accuracy of PSA,%fPSA,and %fPSA in combination with PSA(%fPSA t PSA)was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC).Results:A total of 2310 consecutive men with PSA levels between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL were included,and the detection rate of PCa was 25.1%.The AUC of%fPSA and %fPSA t PSA in predicting any PCa was superior to PSA alone in men aged≥60 years(0.623 vs.0.534,p<0.0001)but not in men aged 40e59 years(0.517 vs.0.518,p=0.939).Similar result was yield in predicting HGPCa.Conclusion:In a clinical setting of Chinese men with 4.0e10.0 ng/mL PSA undergoing initial prostate biopsy,adding %fPSA to PSA can moderately improve the diagnostic accuracy for any PCa and HGPCa compared with PSA alone in patients≥60 but not in patients aged 40-59 years.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China-Technical System and Key Technology Development of Nearly Zero Energy Building (No. 2017YFC0702600)the opening Funds of State Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Built Environment National Engineering Research Center of Building Technology (BSBE2017-08)+1 种基金the Major Basic Research Development and Transformation Program of Qinghai province (No. 2016-NN-141 )the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2018MS103, 2018MS108 and 2017MS119 )
文摘It has been a focus to reduce the energy consumption and improve the space heating performance of high-altitude buildings in winter seasons. In view of the abundant solar energy resources of the high-altitude region, the establishment of passive solar houses should be an effective strategy to deal with the problem of thermal comfort. Both window to wall ratio(WWR) and sunspace depth are of vital importance to determine the thermal comfort level of passive solar houses, while there are limited studies on analyzing their impacts on passive solar houses in high-altitude regions. Therefore, this study is designed to examine how WWR and sunspace depth affect space heating of passive solar houses in the Qinghai-Tibetan region. To be specific, the hourly radiation temperature variations and percentages of dissatisfaction of the residential building with different sunspace depth/WWR(including 0.9 m/33%, 0.9 m/45%, 0.9 m/60%, 1.2 m/33% and 1.5 m/33%) were quantitatively examined. Results indicated that under the condition of 0.9 m/45%, the overall average radiation temperature of the building was approximately 16°C during the entire heating season, which could better satisfy the heating requirements. Meanwhile, the average temperature was higher, and the thermal comfort level was better under the ratio of 45% or the depth of 1.5 m, when only an individual factor in either ratio or depth was considered. These findings can provide references for the determination of dimensions of passive solar houses in high-altitude regions.
基金supported by the Rice Key Project of Chongqing,China (CSTC2011AB1076)the Foundation Project of Chongqing Education Commission (KJ110623)+1 种基金the Doctor Foundation of Chongqing Normal University,China (10LR028)the Plants Breeding Project of Chongqing,China (CSTC2010AA1033)
文摘312 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） in F9 from a cross between a overwintering cold-tolerant germplasm resource Glutinous rice 89-1（Gr 89-1） and a cold-sensitive variety Shuhui 527 was used for quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis. The scores of percent ratooning germinability （PRG） and overwintering germinability （POG） were evaluated. The overwintering germination rate of axillary buds was scored to represent the overwintering germinability. Two significant QTLs （qPRG-4 and qPRG-7） on chromosomes 4 and 7 were detected and explained 8.3 and 7.2% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. Three significant QTLs （qPOG-2, qPOG-3 and qPOG-7） were identified and mapped on chromosomes 2, 3, and 7, respectively. These QTLs contributed 9.6, 6.7, and 17.8% of phenotypic variations, respectively. A comparative analysis using SSR markers closely linked to the three QTLs for the overwintering revealed cold-tolerant individuals, which harbour the Glutinous rice 89-1 alleles at RM7110, RM250, RM418, and RM232, had a high percent overwintering germinability, while cold-sensitive individuals, which carry Shuhui 527 alleles at these loci, had a low percent overwintering germinability in the F2 population of Shuhui 527/Glutinous rice 89-1. This study demonstrated the utility of these SSR markers for selection of overwintering germinability genotypes.
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11402161)the Programs for Science and Technique Development of Shanxi Province,China(No.20120313025-3)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Research Projects of the Shanxi Provincial Health Department,China(No.201201018)an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness,New York,NY,USA
文摘AIM： To investigate the long term（≥5 y） efficacy, predictability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis（LASIK） in eyes with thin corneas [central corneal thickness（CCT） 〈500 μm]. METHODS： A total of 339 patients met the criteria of this study. Finally, 175 eyes of 89 patients who had thin corneas and underwent LASIK≥5 y ago returned to our clinic and included in this study. Preoperative parameters recorded included uncorrected visual acuity（UCVA）, corrected distance visual acuity（CDVA）, manifest refraction, CCT and corneal topography. At returning visits, in addition to visual acuity and manifest refraction, ultrasound CCT and corneal topography were performed. Optical coherence tomography was used to measure the CCT, LASIK flap thickness, and residual stromal bed thickness（RSBT）. Safety index, efficacy index, percentage of eyes within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D of refraction, percent tissue altered（PTA）, and percentage stromal bed thickness（PSBT） were calculated. RESULTS： The safety index was 1.09 and efficacy index was 0.99. The percentages of eyes within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D were 71.2% and 87.7%, respectively. The mean PTA was 40%±6%（range 20% to 55%）; 76 eyes（43.4%） had PTA 〈40% and 99 eyes（56.6%） had PTA≥40%. The mean RSBT was 303±27 μm（range 240 to 390 μm）, and 2 eyes had RSBT〈250 μm. The mean PSBT was 61%±9%（range 51% to 85%）. No eyes developed ectasia. CONCLUSION： In this cohort with the PSBT of 50% or more, LASIK is safe with follow-up for at least 5 y.
文摘The objective of this study was to determine the effect of age and breed of cattle on carcass and meat characteristics in Ethiopia. A total of 39 (Arsi 11, Boran 14 and Harar 14) cattle breeds with age categories of <3, 4 - 6, and 7 - 9 years were used for the study. The bulls were purchased from their respective production system of mixed crop livestock system (Arsi and Harar) and Ranch (Boran). Parameters such as live and carcass weight, meat yield percent, fat characteristics, and primal beef cuts were evaluated. Complete randomized design was used for the study. The live weight of bulls at <3, 4 - 6 and 7 - 9 years ranged 135 - 183, 167 - 181, and 155 - 433 kg, respectively. The carcass weight, dressing percentage, meat yield percent, forequarter, hindquarter, rib eye area, and fat thickness ranged 57 - 209.73 kg, 41.8% - 51.6%, 32% - 58%, 11.7 - 56.42 kg, 14.04 - 45.34 kg, 4.78 - 10.25 square inches and 0.18 - 0.38 inches, respectively. At an early age category (<3 years) meat yield percentage of Arsi, Boran and Harar breeds were 50.86, 30 and 18.72, respectively, and as age category shifted from one age category to the next Harar increased by 13× and Boran by 2.9× and Arsi decreased by -0.93×. The mean rib percentage of Arsi, Boran and Harar were in the range of 7.98 - 9.57, 8.62 - 10.44 and 7.08 - 8.83, respectively. Breed and age of bulls had significantly affected primal meat cuts. Meat yield was predicted from live and hot carcass weight with coefficient determination (R2) of 70.66% and 74.75%, respectively. From the study, it was concluded that age and breeds of cattle had significantly influence on carcass and meat characteristics. Therefore, to determine whether variations were due to genetic or environmental cause’s evaluation of the three breeds under similar feeding condition was recommended.
基金Special project for clinical research of health industry of Shanghai Health Commission,Grant/Award Number:201940114。
文摘Background:The epidemic of overweight and obesity has become a worldwide public health problem.Cardiometabolic diseases may originate in childhood.We investigated the association between percent body fat(PBF)measured by the bioelectrical impedance assay and cardiometabolic risk(CMR)in pediatrics.Methods:This cross-sectional study involved 3819 subjects(6-17 years old)in Shanghai.We assessed the association between PBF and body mass index(BMI)with multiple CMR factors.We examined the risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities attributable to overweight and obesity based on age-and sexspecific PBF Z-scores and BMI Z-scores,respectively.Results:PBF,but not BMI,was positively associated with multiple CMR factors in males and females except for total cholesterol in females(all p<0.05).Compared with the non-overweight group based on PBF,overweight and obese subjects had increasingly higher odds ratio of dyslipidemia(2.90(1.99-4.23),4.59(2.88-7.32)for males and 1.82(1.20-2.75),2.46(1.47-4.11)for females)and elevated blood pressure(BP)(3.26(2.35-4.51),4.55(2.92-7.09)for males and 1.59(1.07-2.34),3.98(2.27-6.17)for females).Obesity females showed a higher likelihood for hyperglycemia(2.19(1.24-3.84))than non-overweight females.In both sexes,the predictive effect of PBF on dyslipidemia and elevated BP in adolescents was better than that in children.For hyperglycemia,the predictive effect of PBF was better in male adolescents and female children.There was no risk difference for cardiometabolic abnormalities attributable to BMI-based obesity categories.Conclusions:PBF but not BMI was associated with CMR.Overweight and obesity categories based on PBF had an increased risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents.
文摘The dual-frequency(DF)IP is a new kind of frequency domain IP method.Not only is thedual-frequency current transmitted simultaneously but the electric potential difference due to dualfrequency current is measured synchronously.This paper discusses the principle and charateristicof DF current, DF current can be formed by two rectangular currents which must be coherent orelse false Percent Frequency Effect(PEE)will occur.DF currents with different waveforms areequivalent in the ability of detecting IP anomalies.Unstable current has much less effect of DFIP than on conventional variable frequency method;in fact,there is no need to stabilize currentin DF IP method.There are many differences between harmonic contents of DF current and thatof rectangular wave used in variable frequency method,but theoretical analysis,labaratory mod-eling and field data all show that the anomalies of both DF and variable frequency method are sim-liar in character and close in value.DF IP can match variable frequeney IP and time domain IPin the ability of detecting IP anomaly,furthermore,dual-frequency IP measurements are morerapid,more accurate and more simple in operation.
