In last few years, therapeutic peptides/proteins are rapidly growing in drug market considering their higher efficiency and lower toxicity than chemical drugs. However, the administration of therapeutic peptides/prote...In last few years, therapeutic peptides/proteins are rapidly growing in drug market considering their higher efficiency and lower toxicity than chemical drugs. However, the administration of therapeutic peptides/proteins is mainly limited in parenteral approach. Oral therapy which was hampered by harsh gastrointestinal environment and poorly penetrating epithelial barriers often results in low bioavailability(less than 1%–2%). Therefore, delivery systems that are rationally designed to overcome these challenges in gastrointestinal tract and ameliorate the oral bioavailability of therapeutic peptides/proteins are seriously promising. In this review, we summarized various multifunctional delivery systems, including lipid-based particles, polysaccharide-based particles, inorganic particles, and synthetic multifunctional particles that achieved effective oral delivery of therapeutic peptides/proteins.展开更多
Late-stage modification of peptides and proteins meets the increasing demand in biochemical and pharmaceutical communities. These modification strategies could provide functionalized nonproteinogenic analogues with en...Late-stage modification of peptides and proteins meets the increasing demand in biochemical and pharmaceutical communities. These modification strategies could provide functionalized nonproteinogenic analogues with enhanced biological activities or improved therapeutic capabilities compared to their natural counterparts. Recent years, transition-metal-promoted functionalization of ubiquitous C-H bonds has been emerged as a powerful and tunable tool in this area, both for backbone diversifications and labeling of specific moieties. These reactions were flexible and expedient in both academic and industrial laboratories, especially considering their atom and step-economy, good functional group compatibility, accurate site selectivity. This review surveys the progress achieved in the late-stage modification of peptides and proteins utilizing transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization with C-C and C-X(F, Cl, O, N, B, etc.) bonds formation.展开更多
In recent years,Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been identified as a key player in embryogenesis and human diseases.Canonical Wnt signaling pathway is controlled by a variety of classic molecules like Wnt,β-catenin,Axin...In recent years,Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been identified as a key player in embryogenesis and human diseases.Canonical Wnt signaling pathway is controlled by a variety of classic molecules like Wnt,β-catenin,Axin,APC,GSK-3β and CK1,which interact and coordinate to regulate the expressions of cell signaling molecules.The latest evidences suggest that some components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling,like APC,GSK-3β,CK1,Dkk2 and WISE,play dual roles different from what they have been thought previously.Here we reviewed some recent discoveries on the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to provide some new ideas and principles for signaling transduction studies.展开更多
基金financially supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CAMS-2017-12M-1–011,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81373342)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and PUMC Youth Fund(2017350003,China)PUMC Basic Fund(2018PT35002,China)
文摘In last few years, therapeutic peptides/proteins are rapidly growing in drug market considering their higher efficiency and lower toxicity than chemical drugs. However, the administration of therapeutic peptides/proteins is mainly limited in parenteral approach. Oral therapy which was hampered by harsh gastrointestinal environment and poorly penetrating epithelial barriers often results in low bioavailability(less than 1%–2%). Therefore, delivery systems that are rationally designed to overcome these challenges in gastrointestinal tract and ameliorate the oral bioavailability of therapeutic peptides/proteins are seriously promising. In this review, we summarized various multifunctional delivery systems, including lipid-based particles, polysaccharide-based particles, inorganic particles, and synthetic multifunctional particles that achieved effective oral delivery of therapeutic peptides/proteins.
基金the support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No. 2017YFA0505400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21572214, 21702200)
文摘Late-stage modification of peptides and proteins meets the increasing demand in biochemical and pharmaceutical communities. These modification strategies could provide functionalized nonproteinogenic analogues with enhanced biological activities or improved therapeutic capabilities compared to their natural counterparts. Recent years, transition-metal-promoted functionalization of ubiquitous C-H bonds has been emerged as a powerful and tunable tool in this area, both for backbone diversifications and labeling of specific moieties. These reactions were flexible and expedient in both academic and industrial laboratories, especially considering their atom and step-economy, good functional group compatibility, accurate site selectivity. This review surveys the progress achieved in the late-stage modification of peptides and proteins utilizing transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization with C-C and C-X(F, Cl, O, N, B, etc.) bonds formation.
文摘In recent years,Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been identified as a key player in embryogenesis and human diseases.Canonical Wnt signaling pathway is controlled by a variety of classic molecules like Wnt,β-catenin,Axin,APC,GSK-3β and CK1,which interact and coordinate to regulate the expressions of cell signaling molecules.The latest evidences suggest that some components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling,like APC,GSK-3β,CK1,Dkk2 and WISE,play dual roles different from what they have been thought previously.Here we reviewed some recent discoveries on the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to provide some new ideas and principles for signaling transduction studies.
