The Penn State Worry Questionnaire(PSWQ) is a measure of worry phenomena and has been demonstrated valid in cross-cultural populations. The present study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of th...The Penn State Worry Questionnaire(PSWQ) is a measure of worry phenomena and has been demonstrated valid in cross-cultural populations. The present study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of PSWQ(Ch-PSWQ) in a Chinese college sample(n=1243). Exploratory factor analysis of the Ch-PSWQ revealed a two-factor solution(engagement of worry and absence of worry). Confirmatory factor analysis and model comparison supported that the model of one factor with method effect provided the best fit to the data. The Ch-PSWQ and its factors evidenced good internal consistency and both convergent and discriminate validity. The present study supports the opinion that the second factor of PSWQ not only contains the component of evaluating pathological worry,but also might represent other traits.展开更多
In this paper we estimate relative consumer price levels as of 2008 for 36 major Chinese cities, using an innovative method purposely designed to rectify three main defects of the existing literature, which are （1） ...In this paper we estimate relative consumer price levels as of 2008 for 36 major Chinese cities, using an innovative method purposely designed to rectify three main defects of the existing literature, which are （1） the under-representation of marketized services in the sample data, （2） biased consumption weights, and （3） a mismatch between sample classification and consumption weights. Our estimation results show the ＂subnational Penn effect＂ as defined by Tang （2012）, i.e., strong inter-city correlations among population size, the relative price level, per capita nominal and real income, and human capital stock, thereby showing that the theoretical model of inter-city price dispersion proposed by Tang （2012） is applicable in China. Our conclusion, methodology, and estimation results have important implications for various aspects of the Chinese economy including the regional, urban and real-estate economies.展开更多
As an extension of the neoclassical urban systems theory （Henderson, 1974）, we develop a general theory of regional （inter-city） price dispersion which also explains the ＂subnational Penn effect,＂ i.e., cross-ci...As an extension of the neoclassical urban systems theory （Henderson, 1974）, we develop a general theory of regional （inter-city） price dispersion which also explains the ＂subnational Penn effect,＂ i.e., cross-city correlations among population size, prices, real income and human capital stock. The model is also a theory of international price dispersion that is observationally equivalent to and more appealing than the Balassa-Samuelson theory, implying that the （international） Penn effect may simply be an aggregate result of the ＂subnational Penn effect.＂ Furthermore, it shows that, contrary to the popular view, economic integration can increase as well as decrease spatial price variation.展开更多
PENN STATE/NCAR MM5 is used to simulate precipitation of the heavy rain process during 12-13 July 1994.The effects of different PBL parameterizations,resolvable scale moisture schemes and cumulus parameterization on t...PENN STATE/NCAR MM5 is used to simulate precipitation of the heavy rain process during 12-13 July 1994.The effects of different PBL parameterizations,resolvable scale moisture schemes and cumulus parameterization on the process rainfall simulation are investigated.By comparing the results of hydrostatic and nor.hydrostatic experiments,the nonhydrostatic impact upon precipitation is also examined.It is found in this study thai PENN STATE/NCAR MM5 has advantage not only in theory but also in simulating results with real data.In MM5.however,the selection of physical processes,especially water-cycle process,is very important and crucial to precipitation forecast of the case.It is concluded that the model with Grell (1993) scheme for convection and condensation method for resolvable scale precipitation captured the rainstorm during 12-13 July 1994 in Beijing area more successfully展开更多
Robert Penn Warren(1905-1989) is one of twentieth-century America's most distinguished men of letters.Honored with three Pulitzer Prizes,Warren is the only writer who has been a Pulitzer Prize winner in two differ...Robert Penn Warren(1905-1989) is one of twentieth-century America's most distinguished men of letters.Honored with three Pulitzer Prizes,Warren is the only writer who has been a Pulitzer Prize winner in two different genres-poetry and fiction.In 1986,Warren was crowned as the first American Poet Laureate.Though he is a Renaissance man of letters in many genres,the central thrust of Warren's literary career lies in the field of poetry.Love and knowledge are the two themes which penetrate his sixty years' poetic career.Based on textual analysis,applying the method of close reading,the present study intends to explore the sound patterning,metaphor,tension and the technical devices which reinforce the theme of love and knowledge in the poem of the Bearded Oaks.展开更多
Part of Speech (POS) Tagging can be applied by several tools and several programming languages. This work focuses on the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) library in the Python environment and the gold standard corpora ...Part of Speech (POS) Tagging can be applied by several tools and several programming languages. This work focuses on the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) library in the Python environment and the gold standard corpora installable. The corpora and tagging methods are analyzed and com- pared by using the Python language. Different taggers are analyzed according to their tagging ac- curacies with data from three different corpora. In this study, we have analyzed Brown, Penn Treebank and NPS Chat corpuses. The taggers we have used for the analysis are;default tagger, regex tagger, n-gram taggers. We have applied all taggers to these three corpuses, resultantly we have shown that whereas Unigram tagger does the best tagging in all corpora, the combination of taggers does better if it is correctly ordered. Additionally, we have seen that NPS Chat Corpus gives different accuracy results than the other two corpuses.展开更多
In this study,fog simulations were conducted using the Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) in and around the Yodo River Basin,Japan.The purpose is to investigate the MM5 performance of fog simulatio...In this study,fog simulations were conducted using the Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) in and around the Yodo River Basin,Japan.The purpose is to investigate the MM5 performance of fog simulation for long-term periods.The simulations were performed for January,February,March,and July,2005 with a coarse 3-kin and a nested fine 1-km grid domains. Results of the simulations were compared with data from ten meteorological observatories,fog sampling site in Mt.Rokko,and visibility measurem...展开更多
基金supported by the Soft Science Office of Beijing MunicipalScience and Technology Commission of China(No.Z000608100007110)the German Academic Exchange Service(No.2006-3139)
文摘The Penn State Worry Questionnaire(PSWQ) is a measure of worry phenomena and has been demonstrated valid in cross-cultural populations. The present study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of PSWQ(Ch-PSWQ) in a Chinese college sample(n=1243). Exploratory factor analysis of the Ch-PSWQ revealed a two-factor solution(engagement of worry and absence of worry). Confirmatory factor analysis and model comparison supported that the model of one factor with method effect provided the best fit to the data. The Ch-PSWQ and its factors evidenced good internal consistency and both convergent and discriminate validity. The present study supports the opinion that the second factor of PSWQ not only contains the component of evaluating pathological worry,but also might represent other traits.
文摘In this paper we estimate relative consumer price levels as of 2008 for 36 major Chinese cities, using an innovative method purposely designed to rectify three main defects of the existing literature, which are （1） the under-representation of marketized services in the sample data, （2） biased consumption weights, and （3） a mismatch between sample classification and consumption weights. Our estimation results show the ＂subnational Penn effect＂ as defined by Tang （2012）, i.e., strong inter-city correlations among population size, the relative price level, per capita nominal and real income, and human capital stock, thereby showing that the theoretical model of inter-city price dispersion proposed by Tang （2012） is applicable in China. Our conclusion, methodology, and estimation results have important implications for various aspects of the Chinese economy including the regional, urban and real-estate economies.
文摘As an extension of the neoclassical urban systems theory （Henderson, 1974）, we develop a general theory of regional （inter-city） price dispersion which also explains the ＂subnational Penn effect,＂ i.e., cross-city correlations among population size, prices, real income and human capital stock. The model is also a theory of international price dispersion that is observationally equivalent to and more appealing than the Balassa-Samuelson theory, implying that the （international） Penn effect may simply be an aggregate result of the ＂subnational Penn effect.＂ Furthermore, it shows that, contrary to the popular view, economic integration can increase as well as decrease spatial price variation.
基金This work was supported by LASGthe National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘PENN STATE/NCAR MM5 is used to simulate precipitation of the heavy rain process during 12-13 July 1994.The effects of different PBL parameterizations,resolvable scale moisture schemes and cumulus parameterization on the process rainfall simulation are investigated.By comparing the results of hydrostatic and nor.hydrostatic experiments,the nonhydrostatic impact upon precipitation is also examined.It is found in this study thai PENN STATE/NCAR MM5 has advantage not only in theory but also in simulating results with real data.In MM5.however,the selection of physical processes,especially water-cycle process,is very important and crucial to precipitation forecast of the case.It is concluded that the model with Grell (1993) scheme for convection and condensation method for resolvable scale precipitation captured the rainstorm during 12-13 July 1994 in Beijing area more successfully
文摘Robert Penn Warren(1905-1989) is one of twentieth-century America's most distinguished men of letters.Honored with three Pulitzer Prizes,Warren is the only writer who has been a Pulitzer Prize winner in two different genres-poetry and fiction.In 1986,Warren was crowned as the first American Poet Laureate.Though he is a Renaissance man of letters in many genres,the central thrust of Warren's literary career lies in the field of poetry.Love and knowledge are the two themes which penetrate his sixty years' poetic career.Based on textual analysis,applying the method of close reading,the present study intends to explore the sound patterning,metaphor,tension and the technical devices which reinforce the theme of love and knowledge in the poem of the Bearded Oaks.
文摘Part of Speech (POS) Tagging can be applied by several tools and several programming languages. This work focuses on the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) library in the Python environment and the gold standard corpora installable. The corpora and tagging methods are analyzed and com- pared by using the Python language. Different taggers are analyzed according to their tagging ac- curacies with data from three different corpora. In this study, we have analyzed Brown, Penn Treebank and NPS Chat corpuses. The taggers we have used for the analysis are;default tagger, regex tagger, n-gram taggers. We have applied all taggers to these three corpuses, resultantly we have shown that whereas Unigram tagger does the best tagging in all corpora, the combination of taggers does better if it is correctly ordered. Additionally, we have seen that NPS Chat Corpus gives different accuracy results than the other two corpuses.
文摘In this study,fog simulations were conducted using the Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) in and around the Yodo River Basin,Japan.The purpose is to investigate the MM5 performance of fog simulation for long-term periods.The simulations were performed for January,February,March,and July,2005 with a coarse 3-kin and a nested fine 1-km grid domains. Results of the simulations were compared with data from ten meteorological observatories,fog sampling site in Mt.Rokko,and visibility measurem...
