Advances in electrochemical energy storage technologies drive the need for battery safety performance and miniaturization,which calls for the easily processable polymer electrolytes suitable for on-chip microbattery t...Advances in electrochemical energy storage technologies drive the need for battery safety performance and miniaturization,which calls for the easily processable polymer electrolytes suitable for on-chip microbattery technology.However,the low ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes and poor-patternable capabilities hinder their application in microdevices.Herein,we modified SU-8,as the matrix material,by poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)with lithium salts to obtain a patternable lithium-ion polymer electrolyte.Due to the highly amorphous state and more Li-ion transport pathways through blending effect and the increase in number of epoxides,the ionic conductivity of achieved sample is increased by an order of magnitude to 2.9×10^(−4) S·cm^(−1) in comparison with the SU-8 sample at 50°C.The modified SU-8 exhibits good thermal stability(>150°C),mechanical properties(elastic modulus of 1.52 GPa),as well as an electrochemical window of 4.3 V.Half-cell and microdevice were fabricated and tested to verify the possibility of the micro-sized on-chip battery.All of these results demonstrate a promising strategy for the integration of on-chip batteries with microelectronics.展开更多
Perovskite oxides like S rTiO_(3) at the nanoscale are of interest for eme rging applications,including high-k dielectrics and sensors.However,their synthesis requires long calcination at the elevated temperature,whic...Perovskite oxides like S rTiO_(3) at the nanoscale are of interest for eme rging applications,including high-k dielectrics and sensors.However,their synthesis requires long calcination at the elevated temperature,which is a barrier of their application to flexible electronics.Here,an effective laser-assisted sol-gel method to patternably produce S rTiO_(3) na noparticles(-100 nm)in selective areas on polyimide substrates(coated with ITO)is introduced.Importantly,the violet-laser power is just 1 W but sufficient to crystallize the material in a short period(a few seconds).Furthermore,developing a flexible device platform using carbon nanotubes(CNT)and SrTiO_(3) nanoparticles for detection of humidity changes at room temperature is proposed.The sensor platform has both capacitive and resistive sensing abilities.The resistive mode with a lower power usage(about 0.2μW)is suitable for long monitoring of humidity in the range of2%RH and above.The capacitive mode with higher sensitivity,faster response/recovery time(1-3 min),and lower detection limit(0.5%RH)can be used for calibration purposes.The performance of the flexible sensor is still maintained after 5000 bending cycles at 1.5-cm radius.Altogether,our synthesis method and the flexible sensor show chances for mass-producing perovskite oxides at low cost for wearable electronics.展开更多
Cancer is the leading cause of death in China and depicting the cancer pattern of China would provide basic knowhows on how to tackle it more effectively.In this study we have reviewed several reports of cancer burden...Cancer is the leading cause of death in China and depicting the cancer pattern of China would provide basic knowhows on how to tackle it more effectively.In this study we have reviewed several reports of cancer burden,including the Global cancer statistics 2018 and Cancer statistics in China,2015,along with the GLOBCAN 2018 online database,to investigate the differences of cancer patterns between China,the United States(USA)and the United Kingdom(UK).An estimated 4.3 million new cancer cases and 2.9 million new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2018.Compared to the USA and UK,China has lower cancer incidence but a 30%and 40%higher cancer mortality than the UK and USA,among which 36.4%of the cancer-related deaths were from the digestive tract cancers(stomach,liver,and esophagus cancer)and have relatively poorer prognoses.In comparison,the digestive cancer deaths only took up≤5%of the total cancer deaths in either USA or UK.Other reasons for the higher mortality in China may be the low rate of early-stage cancers at diagnosis and non-uniformed clinical cancer treatment strategies performed by different regions.China is undergoing the cancer transition stage where the cancer spectrum is changing from developing country to developed country,with a rapidly increase cancer burden of colorectal,prostate,female breast cancers in addition to a high occurrence of infection-related and digestive cancers.The incidence of westernized lifestyle-related cancers in China(i.e.colorectal cancer,prostate,bladder cancer)has risen but the incidence of the digestive cancers has decreased from 2000 to 2011.An estimated 40%of the risk factors can be attributed to environmental and lifestyle factors either in China or other developed countries.Tobacco smoking is the single most important carcinogenic risk factor in China,contributing to~24.5%of cancers in males.Chronic infection is another important preventable cancer contributor which is responsible for~17%of cancers.Comprehensive prevention and control strategies in China should inc展开更多
为了进一步规范青光眼的诊断和治疗,美国、欧洲和亚太地区眼科学会相继制定了各自地区的青光眼临床工作指南。多年来我国一直沿用1987年制定的《原发性青光眼早期诊断的初步建议》,该建议为提高我国青光眼防治水平发挥了重要作用。2005...为了进一步规范青光眼的诊断和治疗,美国、欧洲和亚太地区眼科学会相继制定了各自地区的青光眼临床工作指南。多年来我国一直沿用1987年制定的《原发性青光眼早期诊断的初步建议》,该建议为提高我国青光眼防治水平发挥了重要作用。2005年中华医学会眼科学分会青光眼学组以美国青光眼建议工作模式（ preferred practice pattern,PPP）（2005）为基础,结合我国青光眼临床工作特点,制定了《中国青光眼工作指南（2005）》。然而经过两年的临床实践,广大眼科专家认为该指南较为繁琐,临床应用针对性不足,因此中华医学会眼科学分会青光眼学组于2008年重新讨论并制定了《我国原发性青光眼诊断和治疗专家共识（2008）》,为我国原发性青光眼的临床诊断与治疗提供了更为全面、简洁的工作指导。近年来青光眼的诊断和治疗技术发展迅速,新的诊断手段和治疗方法不断应用于临床,因此规范我国青光眼的临床诊断和治疗工作显得尤为重要。中华医学会眼科学分会青光眼学组于2013年在广西省桂林市和广东省清远市召开学组全体委员工作会议,通过开放、自由、民主的讨论,以眼科循证医学为基础,对我国原发性青光眼的基本检查和诊断方法以及治疗原则达成共识性意见,以供临床医师在对青光眼进行诊断和治疗时参考使用。展开更多
Much more than comparative advantage and free markets have been at play in shaping China＇s export success. Government policies have helped nurture domestic capabilities in consumer electronics and other advanced area...Much more than comparative advantage and free markets have been at play in shaping China＇s export success. Government policies have helped nurture domestic capabilities in consumer electronics and other advanced areas that would most likely not have developed in their absence. As a result, China has ended up with an export basket that is significantly more sophisticated than what would be normally expected for a country at its income level. This has been an important determinant of China ＇s rapid growth. What matters for China＇s future growth is not the volume of exports, but whether China will continue to latch on to higher-income products over time.展开更多
Background:Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and a main economic burden in China.Investigating the differences in cancer patterns and control strategies between China and developed countries could provide r...Background:Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and a main economic burden in China.Investigating the differences in cancer patterns and control strategies between China and developed countries could provide reference for policy planning and contribute to improving cancer control measures.In this study,we reviewed the rates and trends of cancer incidence and mortality and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)burden in China,and compared them with those in the United States(US)and the United Kingdom(UK).Methods:Cancer incidence,mortality,and DALY data for China,US and UK were obtained fromtheGLOBOCAN2020 online database,Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2019 study,and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus database(CI5 plus).Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in China,US,and UK were analyzed using Joinpoint regression models to calculate annual percent changes(APCs)and identify the best-fitting joinpoints.Results:An estimated 4,568,754 newly diagnosed cancer cases and 3,002,899 cancer deaths occurred in China in 2020.Additionally,cancers resulted in 67,340,309 DALYs in China.Compared to the US and UK,China had lower cancer incidence but higher cancer mortality andDALY rates.Furthermore,the cancer spectrum of China was changing,with a rapid increase incidence and burden of lung,breast,colorectal,and prostate cancer in addition to a high incidence and heavy burden of liver,stomach,esophageal,and cervical cancer.Conclusions:The cancer spectrum of China is changing from a developing country to a developed country.Population aging and increase of unhealthy lifestyles would continue to increase the cancer burden of China.Therefore,the Chinese authorities should adjust the national cancer control program with reference to the practices of cancer control which have been well-established in the developed countries,and taking consideration of the diversity of cancer types by of different regions in China at the same time.展开更多
Land-use/land-cover changes （LUCCs） have links to both human and nature inter- actions. China＇s Land-Use/cover Datasets （CLUDs） were updated regularly at 5-year inter- vals from the late 1980s to 2010, with stand...Land-use/land-cover changes （LUCCs） have links to both human and nature inter- actions. China＇s Land-Use/cover Datasets （CLUDs） were updated regularly at 5-year inter- vals from the late 1980s to 2010, with standard procedures based on Landsat TM／ETM＋ im- ages. A land-use dynamic regionalization method was proposed to analyze major land-use conversions. The spatiotemporal characteristics, differences, and causes of land-use changes at a national scale were then examined. The main findings are summarized as fol- lows. Land-use changes （LUCs） across China indicated a significant variation in spatial and temporal characteristics in the last 20 years （1990-2010）. The area of cropland change de- creased in the south and increased in the north, but the total area remained almost un- changed. The reclaimed cropland was shifted from the northeast to the northwest. The built-up lands expanded rapidly, were mainly distributed in the east, and gradually spread out to central and western China. Woodland decreased first, and then increased, but desert area was the opposite. Grassland continued decreasing. Different spatial patterns of LUC in China were found between the late 20th century and the early 21st century. The original 13 LUC zones were replaced by 15 units with changes of boundaries in some zones. The main spatial characteristics of these changes included （1） an accelerated expansion of built-up land in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the southeastern coastal areas, the midstream area of the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan Basin; （2） shifted land reclamation in the north from northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia to the oasis agricultural areas in northwest China; （3） continuous transformation from rain-fed farmlands in northeast China to paddy fields; and （4） effective- ness of the ＂Grain for Green＂ project in the southern agricultural-pastoral ecotones of Inner Mongolia, the Loess Plateau, and southwestern mountainous areas. In the last two decades, although climate change展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0715000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51802239,51832004)+1 种基金Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory(Nos.XHT2020-005,XHT2020-003)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of School of Materials Science and Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology(No.CY202031).
文摘Advances in electrochemical energy storage technologies drive the need for battery safety performance and miniaturization,which calls for the easily processable polymer electrolytes suitable for on-chip microbattery technology.However,the low ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes and poor-patternable capabilities hinder their application in microdevices.Herein,we modified SU-8,as the matrix material,by poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)with lithium salts to obtain a patternable lithium-ion polymer electrolyte.Due to the highly amorphous state and more Li-ion transport pathways through blending effect and the increase in number of epoxides,the ionic conductivity of achieved sample is increased by an order of magnitude to 2.9×10^(−4) S·cm^(−1) in comparison with the SU-8 sample at 50°C.The modified SU-8 exhibits good thermal stability(>150°C),mechanical properties(elastic modulus of 1.52 GPa),as well as an electrochemical window of 4.3 V.Half-cell and microdevice were fabricated and tested to verify the possibility of the micro-sized on-chip battery.All of these results demonstrate a promising strategy for the integration of on-chip batteries with microelectronics.
基金financial support from the National Research Foundation of Korea[NRF–2019R1A2C2003804,2018H1D3A1A02074733,and 2018R1D1A1B07050008]powered by the Ministry of Science and ICT,Republic of Koreasupported by Ajou Universityresults of the study on the¨Leaders in Industry-University Cooperation+Project,supported by the Ministry of Education and National Research Foundation of Korea。
文摘Perovskite oxides like S rTiO_(3) at the nanoscale are of interest for eme rging applications,including high-k dielectrics and sensors.However,their synthesis requires long calcination at the elevated temperature,which is a barrier of their application to flexible electronics.Here,an effective laser-assisted sol-gel method to patternably produce S rTiO_(3) na noparticles(-100 nm)in selective areas on polyimide substrates(coated with ITO)is introduced.Importantly,the violet-laser power is just 1 W but sufficient to crystallize the material in a short period(a few seconds).Furthermore,developing a flexible device platform using carbon nanotubes(CNT)and SrTiO_(3) nanoparticles for detection of humidity changes at room temperature is proposed.The sensor platform has both capacitive and resistive sensing abilities.The resistive mode with a lower power usage(about 0.2μW)is suitable for long monitoring of humidity in the range of2%RH and above.The capacitive mode with higher sensitivity,faster response/recovery time(1-3 min),and lower detection limit(0.5%RH)can be used for calibration purposes.The performance of the flexible sensor is still maintained after 5000 bending cycles at 1.5-cm radius.Altogether,our synthesis method and the flexible sensor show chances for mass-producing perovskite oxides at low cost for wearable electronics.
文摘Cancer is the leading cause of death in China and depicting the cancer pattern of China would provide basic knowhows on how to tackle it more effectively.In this study we have reviewed several reports of cancer burden,including the Global cancer statistics 2018 and Cancer statistics in China,2015,along with the GLOBCAN 2018 online database,to investigate the differences of cancer patterns between China,the United States(USA)and the United Kingdom(UK).An estimated 4.3 million new cancer cases and 2.9 million new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2018.Compared to the USA and UK,China has lower cancer incidence but a 30%and 40%higher cancer mortality than the UK and USA,among which 36.4%of the cancer-related deaths were from the digestive tract cancers(stomach,liver,and esophagus cancer)and have relatively poorer prognoses.In comparison,the digestive cancer deaths only took up≤5%of the total cancer deaths in either USA or UK.Other reasons for the higher mortality in China may be the low rate of early-stage cancers at diagnosis and non-uniformed clinical cancer treatment strategies performed by different regions.China is undergoing the cancer transition stage where the cancer spectrum is changing from developing country to developed country,with a rapidly increase cancer burden of colorectal,prostate,female breast cancers in addition to a high occurrence of infection-related and digestive cancers.The incidence of westernized lifestyle-related cancers in China(i.e.colorectal cancer,prostate,bladder cancer)has risen but the incidence of the digestive cancers has decreased from 2000 to 2011.An estimated 40%of the risk factors can be attributed to environmental and lifestyle factors either in China or other developed countries.Tobacco smoking is the single most important carcinogenic risk factor in China,contributing to~24.5%of cancers in males.Chronic infection is another important preventable cancer contributor which is responsible for~17%of cancers.Comprehensive prevention and control strategies in China should inc
文摘为了进一步规范青光眼的诊断和治疗,美国、欧洲和亚太地区眼科学会相继制定了各自地区的青光眼临床工作指南。多年来我国一直沿用1987年制定的《原发性青光眼早期诊断的初步建议》,该建议为提高我国青光眼防治水平发挥了重要作用。2005年中华医学会眼科学分会青光眼学组以美国青光眼建议工作模式（ preferred practice pattern,PPP）（2005）为基础,结合我国青光眼临床工作特点,制定了《中国青光眼工作指南（2005）》。然而经过两年的临床实践,广大眼科专家认为该指南较为繁琐,临床应用针对性不足,因此中华医学会眼科学分会青光眼学组于2008年重新讨论并制定了《我国原发性青光眼诊断和治疗专家共识（2008）》,为我国原发性青光眼的临床诊断与治疗提供了更为全面、简洁的工作指导。近年来青光眼的诊断和治疗技术发展迅速,新的诊断手段和治疗方法不断应用于临床,因此规范我国青光眼的临床诊断和治疗工作显得尤为重要。中华医学会眼科学分会青光眼学组于2013年在广西省桂林市和广东省清远市召开学组全体委员工作会议,通过开放、自由、民主的讨论,以眼科循证医学为基础,对我国原发性青光眼的基本检查和诊断方法以及治疗原则达成共识性意见,以供临床医师在对青光眼进行诊断和治疗时参考使用。
基金This is a paperprepared for the project on "China and the Global Economy 2010" of the China Economic Research andAdvisory Program. I am indebted to Edwin Lim for his guidance and comments, and to the Program forfinancial support
文摘Much more than comparative advantage and free markets have been at play in shaping China＇s export success. Government policies have helped nurture domestic capabilities in consumer electronics and other advanced areas that would most likely not have developed in their absence. As a result, China has ended up with an export basket that is significantly more sophisticated than what would be normally expected for a country at its income level. This has been an important determinant of China ＇s rapid growth. What matters for China＇s future growth is not the volume of exports, but whether China will continue to latch on to higher-income products over time.
文摘Background:Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and a main economic burden in China.Investigating the differences in cancer patterns and control strategies between China and developed countries could provide reference for policy planning and contribute to improving cancer control measures.In this study,we reviewed the rates and trends of cancer incidence and mortality and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)burden in China,and compared them with those in the United States(US)and the United Kingdom(UK).Methods:Cancer incidence,mortality,and DALY data for China,US and UK were obtained fromtheGLOBOCAN2020 online database,Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2019 study,and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus database(CI5 plus).Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in China,US,and UK were analyzed using Joinpoint regression models to calculate annual percent changes(APCs)and identify the best-fitting joinpoints.Results:An estimated 4,568,754 newly diagnosed cancer cases and 3,002,899 cancer deaths occurred in China in 2020.Additionally,cancers resulted in 67,340,309 DALYs in China.Compared to the US and UK,China had lower cancer incidence but higher cancer mortality andDALY rates.Furthermore,the cancer spectrum of China was changing,with a rapid increase incidence and burden of lung,breast,colorectal,and prostate cancer in addition to a high incidence and heavy burden of liver,stomach,esophageal,and cervical cancer.Conclusions:The cancer spectrum of China is changing from a developing country to a developed country.Population aging and increase of unhealthy lifestyles would continue to increase the cancer burden of China.Therefore,the Chinese authorities should adjust the national cancer control program with reference to the practices of cancer control which have been well-established in the developed countries,and taking consideration of the diversity of cancer types by of different regions in China at the same time.
基金National Basic Research Program of China,No.2010CB950900No.2014CB954302+1 种基金National Key Technol-ogy R&D Program,No.2013BAC03B00The Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.KSZD-EW-Z-021-02
文摘Land-use/land-cover changes （LUCCs） have links to both human and nature inter- actions. China＇s Land-Use/cover Datasets （CLUDs） were updated regularly at 5-year inter- vals from the late 1980s to 2010, with standard procedures based on Landsat TM／ETM＋ im- ages. A land-use dynamic regionalization method was proposed to analyze major land-use conversions. The spatiotemporal characteristics, differences, and causes of land-use changes at a national scale were then examined. The main findings are summarized as fol- lows. Land-use changes （LUCs） across China indicated a significant variation in spatial and temporal characteristics in the last 20 years （1990-2010）. The area of cropland change de- creased in the south and increased in the north, but the total area remained almost un- changed. The reclaimed cropland was shifted from the northeast to the northwest. The built-up lands expanded rapidly, were mainly distributed in the east, and gradually spread out to central and western China. Woodland decreased first, and then increased, but desert area was the opposite. Grassland continued decreasing. Different spatial patterns of LUC in China were found between the late 20th century and the early 21st century. The original 13 LUC zones were replaced by 15 units with changes of boundaries in some zones. The main spatial characteristics of these changes included （1） an accelerated expansion of built-up land in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the southeastern coastal areas, the midstream area of the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan Basin; （2） shifted land reclamation in the north from northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia to the oasis agricultural areas in northwest China; （3） continuous transformation from rain-fed farmlands in northeast China to paddy fields; and （4） effective- ness of the ＂Grain for Green＂ project in the southern agricultural-pastoral ecotones of Inner Mongolia, the Loess Plateau, and southwestern mountainous areas. In the last two decades, although climate change
