青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)是导致桑青枯病的病原菌。从广东省罗岗、英德蚕区桑园的感病桑树取样,采用TZC固体培养基分离纯化得到的3株青枯劳尔氏菌菌株G11-41、G12-9、G12-50的形态特征均有差异:G11-41菌株菌落小,菌落中央...青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)是导致桑青枯病的病原菌。从广东省罗岗、英德蚕区桑园的感病桑树取样,采用TZC固体培养基分离纯化得到的3株青枯劳尔氏菌菌株G11-41、G12-9、G12-50的形态特征均有差异:G11-41菌株菌落小,菌落中央深红色,菌体形态为接近球形的短杆状;G12-9菌落不规则,菌落中央呈淡红色,菌体形态为短杆状;G12-50菌落呈不规则圆形,菌体形态呈长杆状。将3个分离菌株的菌液淋灌根部接种感染桑树植株,其致病性也存在明显差异:接种G11-41菌株的植株发病率为11%,死亡率为0;接种G12-9与G12-50菌株的植株发病率和死亡率均为100%。根据Hayward分类标准进行生化型分类,3个分离株的6种碳源利用试验均呈现阳性反应,属于生化型Ⅲ。基于菌株的16S r DNA序列和内切葡聚糖酶基因(egl)序列构建的系统进化树将青枯劳尔氏菌分类为4个种群型,G11-41、G12-9、G12-50分离株同归属于种群型Ⅰ,其中:16S r DNA序列进化树上,G11-41与G12-50分离株的亲缘关系最近,分布在同一个进化小枝上;egl基因序列进化树上,强毒力分离株G12-9与G12-50分布在同一个进化小枝上,与弱毒力分离株G11-41有一定的进化距离。初步认为:在青枯劳尔氏菌的亚分类中,依据16S r DNA序列构建的系统进化树可能会更好地显示各分离株的地理来源;依据egl基因序列构建的系统进化树则可能会更好地显示出各分离株的致病性。展开更多
Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent in human,affecting nearly half of the world's population; however,infection remains asymptomatic in majority of population. During its co-existence with...Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent in human,affecting nearly half of the world's population; however,infection remains asymptomatic in majority of population. During its co-existence with humans,H. pylori has evolved various strategies to maintain a mild gastritis and limit the immune response of host. On the other side,presence of H.pylori is also associated with increased risk for the development of various gastric pathologies including gastric cancer(GC). A complex combination of host genetics,environmental agents,and bacterial virulence factors are considered to determine the susceptibility as well as the severity of outcome in a subset of individuals. GC is one of the most common cancers and considered as the third most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. Many studies had proved H. pylori as an important risk factor in the development of non-cardia GC. Although both H. pylori infection and GC are showing decreasing trends in the developed world,they still remain a major threat to human population in the developing countries. The current review attempts to highlight recent progress in the field of research on H. pylori induced GC and aims to provide brief insight into H. pylori pathogenesis,the role of major virulence factors of H. pylori that modulates the host environment and transform the normal gastric epithelium to neoplastic one. This review also emphasizes on the mechanistic understanding of how colonization and various virulence attributes of H. pylori as well as the host innate and adaptive immune responses modulate the diverse signaling pathways that leads to different disease outcomes including GC.展开更多
文摘青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)是导致桑青枯病的病原菌。从广东省罗岗、英德蚕区桑园的感病桑树取样,采用TZC固体培养基分离纯化得到的3株青枯劳尔氏菌菌株G11-41、G12-9、G12-50的形态特征均有差异:G11-41菌株菌落小,菌落中央深红色,菌体形态为接近球形的短杆状;G12-9菌落不规则,菌落中央呈淡红色,菌体形态为短杆状;G12-50菌落呈不规则圆形,菌体形态呈长杆状。将3个分离菌株的菌液淋灌根部接种感染桑树植株,其致病性也存在明显差异:接种G11-41菌株的植株发病率为11%,死亡率为0;接种G12-9与G12-50菌株的植株发病率和死亡率均为100%。根据Hayward分类标准进行生化型分类,3个分离株的6种碳源利用试验均呈现阳性反应,属于生化型Ⅲ。基于菌株的16S r DNA序列和内切葡聚糖酶基因(egl)序列构建的系统进化树将青枯劳尔氏菌分类为4个种群型,G11-41、G12-9、G12-50分离株同归属于种群型Ⅰ,其中:16S r DNA序列进化树上,G11-41与G12-50分离株的亲缘关系最近,分布在同一个进化小枝上;egl基因序列进化树上,强毒力分离株G12-9与G12-50分布在同一个进化小枝上,与弱毒力分离株G11-41有一定的进化距离。初步认为:在青枯劳尔氏菌的亚分类中,依据16S r DNA序列构建的系统进化树可能会更好地显示各分离株的地理来源;依据egl基因序列构建的系统进化树则可能会更好地显示出各分离株的致病性。
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent in human,affecting nearly half of the world's population; however,infection remains asymptomatic in majority of population. During its co-existence with humans,H. pylori has evolved various strategies to maintain a mild gastritis and limit the immune response of host. On the other side,presence of H.pylori is also associated with increased risk for the development of various gastric pathologies including gastric cancer(GC). A complex combination of host genetics,environmental agents,and bacterial virulence factors are considered to determine the susceptibility as well as the severity of outcome in a subset of individuals. GC is one of the most common cancers and considered as the third most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. Many studies had proved H. pylori as an important risk factor in the development of non-cardia GC. Although both H. pylori infection and GC are showing decreasing trends in the developed world,they still remain a major threat to human population in the developing countries. The current review attempts to highlight recent progress in the field of research on H. pylori induced GC and aims to provide brief insight into H. pylori pathogenesis,the role of major virulence factors of H. pylori that modulates the host environment and transform the normal gastric epithelium to neoplastic one. This review also emphasizes on the mechanistic understanding of how colonization and various virulence attributes of H. pylori as well as the host innate and adaptive immune responses modulate the diverse signaling pathways that leads to different disease outcomes including GC.
