With insulin methanol water, and the ion pairing agent, hydrochloric acid and trifluroacetic acid (TFA), the character of the first plateau (FP) on the elution curve of frontal analysis in reversed phase liquid chro...With insulin methanol water, and the ion pairing agent, hydrochloric acid and trifluroacetic acid (TFA), the character of the first plateau (FP) on the elution curve of frontal analysis in reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) was investigated by on line UV spectrometry and identified with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry and mass spectrometry. The profile of the FP is the same as that of a usual elution curve of methanol in frontal analysis (FA). When the insulin concentration was limited to a certain range, the height of the FP was found to be proportional to the insulin concentration in mobile phase and its length companying to shorten. The FP profile on the intersection of two tangents reflects the components of the microstructure in the depth direction of the bonded stationary phase layer and the desorption dynamics of the displaced components. The displaced methanol was quantitatively determined by NMR and on line UV spectrometries. TFA with high UV absorbance can not be used as an ion pairing agent for the investigation of the FP in RPLC, but it can be used as a good marker to investigate the complicated transfer process of components in the stationary phase in RPLC. A stoichiometric displacement process between solute and solvent was proved to be valid in both usual and FA in RPLC. From the point of view of dynamics of mass transfer, the solutes can only contact to the surface of stationary phase in usual RPLC, while solute can penetrate into it in FA of RPLC. The solvation of insulin in methanol and water solution as an example indicating the usage of the FP in the FA was also investigated in this paper.展开更多
It is taken for granted that during partition （Indo-Pak, 1947）, Hindus were massacred by Muslims and same isconsidered true vice versa. This is a deep rooted attitude behind years of prejudice between both the commu...It is taken for granted that during partition （Indo-Pak, 1947）, Hindus were massacred by Muslims and same isconsidered true vice versa. This is a deep rooted attitude behind years of prejudice between both the communities.The collective sensibility of one community has affected the other. The available history of partition discussesmainly the political issues or is marked with patriotic bias. For the historians, it has been a constitutional or politicalarrangement which does not affect the contours of Indian society. If seen from the perspective of survivors, thehistory of partition appears very different. It is all violence for them. This difference leads to a wide chasm betweenhistory and the account in form of oral history in particular about partition; its pain and silence. On one hand wherenations can insulate them behind national interests and agendas, the communities that faced partition have to livewith painful memories and moments of violence they faced. Urvashi Bhutalia in her The Other Side of Silence andRitu Menon in her Borders and Boundaries narrates the inhuman experiences of women migrants and trauma facedby survivors. Women in their short stories speak for themselves, without any restrictions or depending on any criticor historian to interpret their pain, about the violence they faced by strangers as well as their near and dear ones.They were subjected to rape and abduction, given no choice of repatriation, were forced to abort or abandonchildren fathered by their abductors. They struggled to put their life together in state of loss of identity andbelongingness. The paper tries to investigate the link between community, caste, gender with violence at the time ofpartition. It deals with the ＂memory＂ that steps in when history fails to address the issue of dislocation. It discusseswomen＇s unspeakable horrifying experiences, their painful truth and their silence that is still in the process ofhealing and forgetting.展开更多
文摘With insulin methanol water, and the ion pairing agent, hydrochloric acid and trifluroacetic acid (TFA), the character of the first plateau (FP) on the elution curve of frontal analysis in reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) was investigated by on line UV spectrometry and identified with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry and mass spectrometry. The profile of the FP is the same as that of a usual elution curve of methanol in frontal analysis (FA). When the insulin concentration was limited to a certain range, the height of the FP was found to be proportional to the insulin concentration in mobile phase and its length companying to shorten. The FP profile on the intersection of two tangents reflects the components of the microstructure in the depth direction of the bonded stationary phase layer and the desorption dynamics of the displaced components. The displaced methanol was quantitatively determined by NMR and on line UV spectrometries. TFA with high UV absorbance can not be used as an ion pairing agent for the investigation of the FP in RPLC, but it can be used as a good marker to investigate the complicated transfer process of components in the stationary phase in RPLC. A stoichiometric displacement process between solute and solvent was proved to be valid in both usual and FA in RPLC. From the point of view of dynamics of mass transfer, the solutes can only contact to the surface of stationary phase in usual RPLC, while solute can penetrate into it in FA of RPLC. The solvation of insulin in methanol and water solution as an example indicating the usage of the FP in the FA was also investigated in this paper.
文摘It is taken for granted that during partition （Indo-Pak, 1947）, Hindus were massacred by Muslims and same isconsidered true vice versa. This is a deep rooted attitude behind years of prejudice between both the communities.The collective sensibility of one community has affected the other. The available history of partition discussesmainly the political issues or is marked with patriotic bias. For the historians, it has been a constitutional or politicalarrangement which does not affect the contours of Indian society. If seen from the perspective of survivors, thehistory of partition appears very different. It is all violence for them. This difference leads to a wide chasm betweenhistory and the account in form of oral history in particular about partition; its pain and silence. On one hand wherenations can insulate them behind national interests and agendas, the communities that faced partition have to livewith painful memories and moments of violence they faced. Urvashi Bhutalia in her The Other Side of Silence andRitu Menon in her Borders and Boundaries narrates the inhuman experiences of women migrants and trauma facedby survivors. Women in their short stories speak for themselves, without any restrictions or depending on any criticor historian to interpret their pain, about the violence they faced by strangers as well as their near and dear ones.They were subjected to rape and abduction, given no choice of repatriation, were forced to abort or abandonchildren fathered by their abductors. They struggled to put their life together in state of loss of identity andbelongingness. The paper tries to investigate the link between community, caste, gender with violence at the time ofpartition. It deals with the ＂memory＂ that steps in when history fails to address the issue of dislocation. It discusseswomen＇s unspeakable horrifying experiences, their painful truth and their silence that is still in the process ofhealing and forgetting.
