This study characterized the physicochemical properties of sewage sludge collected from Gaza wastewater treatment plant. Sludge samples were collected from the drying beds, air-dried, sieved through 2 mm and stored in...This study characterized the physicochemical properties of sewage sludge collected from Gaza wastewater treatment plant. Sludge samples were collected from the drying beds, air-dried, sieved through 2 mm and stored in plastic bags at room temperature. Sludge density, particle size distribution, water holding capacity, void volume, pH, EC, total organic carbon and hydrophobicity were determined. Results showed the bulk density is about 1.18 g/cm3 whereas the real density is 2.12 g/cm3 and void volume is 50%;Particle size distribution showed that the major size of sludge is sand-like size (630 - 200 μm) and the minor size is silt-like size (200 - 20 μm) and clay-like size is less than 20 μm. Sludge has an acidic pH reaction (6.78 ± 0.02) with an electric conductivity equal to (2.49 ± 0.04) mS?cm-1. The hydrophobicity of sludge is very high, water drop penetration time (WDPT) is 114.77 ± 18.78 sec with a radius of 0.44 ± 0.08 cm. In the way around, oil drop penetration time (ODPT) of sludge is 5.05 ± 1.28 sec with a radius of 1.25 ± 0.14 cm. The WDPT/ODPM ration has very high value 22.73 indicating extreme hydrophobicity. High value of hydrophobicity may reduce water filtration in soil when sludge applied for agriculture. These results suggest that sludge application to soil may change the physicochemical properties of soil.展开更多
“高蛋白低脂”作为一种新的食品理念备受欢迎。为研究一款以蛋清蛋白颗粒(egg white protein particle,EWPP)为增稠剂的低脂酸奶,该研究通过测定低脂酸奶的pH、质构、流变性等指标,探究EWPP添加对低脂酸奶品质的影响,同时探索了低脂酸...“高蛋白低脂”作为一种新的食品理念备受欢迎。为研究一款以蛋清蛋白颗粒(egg white protein particle,EWPP)为增稠剂的低脂酸奶,该研究通过测定低脂酸奶的pH、质构、流变性等指标,探究EWPP添加对低脂酸奶品质的影响,同时探索了低脂酸奶配方中白砂糖和代糖配比对产品品质的影响。研究发现,EWPP添加后低脂酸奶的pH降低,保水性增加;EWPP在低脂酸奶中表现出良好的吸水性和增稠性。流变学研究发现,含EWPP的低脂酸奶表现出剪切变稀的非牛顿流体特性,EWPP添加量增加后G’显著提高,表观黏度和触变环大小也随着EWPP添加量的增加而提高,说明EWPP的添加有利于低脂酸奶弹性和黏度提升。代糖比例提高对酸奶保水性、质构和黏稠度均有不利影响。感官评定结果发现,添加1%EWPP,m(白砂糖)∶m(代糖)=2∶4的酸奶样品具有最佳的风味、口感和色泽。展开更多
文摘This study characterized the physicochemical properties of sewage sludge collected from Gaza wastewater treatment plant. Sludge samples were collected from the drying beds, air-dried, sieved through 2 mm and stored in plastic bags at room temperature. Sludge density, particle size distribution, water holding capacity, void volume, pH, EC, total organic carbon and hydrophobicity were determined. Results showed the bulk density is about 1.18 g/cm3 whereas the real density is 2.12 g/cm3 and void volume is 50%;Particle size distribution showed that the major size of sludge is sand-like size (630 - 200 μm) and the minor size is silt-like size (200 - 20 μm) and clay-like size is less than 20 μm. Sludge has an acidic pH reaction (6.78 ± 0.02) with an electric conductivity equal to (2.49 ± 0.04) mS?cm-1. The hydrophobicity of sludge is very high, water drop penetration time (WDPT) is 114.77 ± 18.78 sec with a radius of 0.44 ± 0.08 cm. In the way around, oil drop penetration time (ODPT) of sludge is 5.05 ± 1.28 sec with a radius of 1.25 ± 0.14 cm. The WDPT/ODPM ration has very high value 22.73 indicating extreme hydrophobicity. High value of hydrophobicity may reduce water filtration in soil when sludge applied for agriculture. These results suggest that sludge application to soil may change the physicochemical properties of soil.
文摘“高蛋白低脂”作为一种新的食品理念备受欢迎。为研究一款以蛋清蛋白颗粒(egg white protein particle,EWPP)为增稠剂的低脂酸奶,该研究通过测定低脂酸奶的pH、质构、流变性等指标,探究EWPP添加对低脂酸奶品质的影响,同时探索了低脂酸奶配方中白砂糖和代糖配比对产品品质的影响。研究发现,EWPP添加后低脂酸奶的pH降低,保水性增加;EWPP在低脂酸奶中表现出良好的吸水性和增稠性。流变学研究发现,含EWPP的低脂酸奶表现出剪切变稀的非牛顿流体特性,EWPP添加量增加后G’显著提高,表观黏度和触变环大小也随着EWPP添加量的增加而提高,说明EWPP的添加有利于低脂酸奶弹性和黏度提升。代糖比例提高对酸奶保水性、质构和黏稠度均有不利影响。感官评定结果发现,添加1%EWPP,m(白砂糖)∶m(代糖)=2∶4的酸奶样品具有最佳的风味、口感和色泽。
