A fast method of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) was developed for the analysis of eleven UV ink photoinitiators in packaged food.Chromatographic separation was achieved in a pentaf...A fast method of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) was developed for the analysis of eleven UV ink photoinitiators in packaged food.Chromatographic separation was achieved in a pentafluorophenylpropyl (PFPP) column at 5X2 and acetonitrile:25mM formic acid-ammonium formate(pH 2.7) in gradient elution. To reduce sample treatment,a QuEChERS(quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged and safe) method for the extraction and clean-up of UV photoinitiators in packaged foods was evaluated.Triple quadrupole working in H-SRM on Ql mode was used for both quantitation and confirmation purposes and the most intense and selective transitions were chosen.Quality parameters of the developed QuEChERS LC-MS/MS method were established and applied for the analysis of photoinitiators in food packaged at ng/kg levels.展开更多
Physical contamination of food occurs when it comes into contact with foreign objects.Foreign objects can be introduced to food at any time during food delivery and packaging and can cause serious concerns such as bro...Physical contamination of food occurs when it comes into contact with foreign objects.Foreign objects can be introduced to food at any time during food delivery and packaging and can cause serious concerns such as broken teeth or choking.Therefore,a preventive method that can detect and remove foreign objects in advance is required.Several studies have attempted to detect defective products using deep learning networks.Because it is difficult to obtain foreign object-containing food data from industry,most studies on industrial anomaly detection have used unsupervised learning methods.This paper proposes a new method for real-time anomaly detection in packaged food products using a supervised learning network.In this study,a realistic X-ray image training dataset was constructed by augmenting foreign objects with normal product images in a cut-paste manner.Based on the augmented training dataset,we trained YOLOv4,a real-time object detection network,and detected foreign objects in the test data.We evaluated this method on images of pasta,snacks,pistachios,and red beans under the same conditions.The results show that the normal and defective products were classified with an accuracy of at least 94%for all packaged foods.For detecting foreign objects that are typically difficult to detect using the unsupervised learning and traditional methods,the proposed method achieved high-performance realtime anomaly detection.In addition,to eliminate the loss in high-resolution X-ray images,the false positive rate and accuracy could be lowered to 5%with patch-based training and a new post-processing algorithm.展开更多
文摘A fast method of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) was developed for the analysis of eleven UV ink photoinitiators in packaged food.Chromatographic separation was achieved in a pentafluorophenylpropyl (PFPP) column at 5X2 and acetonitrile:25mM formic acid-ammonium formate(pH 2.7) in gradient elution. To reduce sample treatment,a QuEChERS(quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged and safe) method for the extraction and clean-up of UV photoinitiators in packaged foods was evaluated.Triple quadrupole working in H-SRM on Ql mode was used for both quantitation and confirmation purposes and the most intense and selective transitions were chosen.Quality parameters of the developed QuEChERS LC-MS/MS method were established and applied for the analysis of photoinitiators in food packaged at ng/kg levels.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education(grant number 2020R1A6A1A03040583,Kangjik Kim,www.nrf.re.kr)this research was also supported by the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund.
文摘Physical contamination of food occurs when it comes into contact with foreign objects.Foreign objects can be introduced to food at any time during food delivery and packaging and can cause serious concerns such as broken teeth or choking.Therefore,a preventive method that can detect and remove foreign objects in advance is required.Several studies have attempted to detect defective products using deep learning networks.Because it is difficult to obtain foreign object-containing food data from industry,most studies on industrial anomaly detection have used unsupervised learning methods.This paper proposes a new method for real-time anomaly detection in packaged food products using a supervised learning network.In this study,a realistic X-ray image training dataset was constructed by augmenting foreign objects with normal product images in a cut-paste manner.Based on the augmented training dataset,we trained YOLOv4,a real-time object detection network,and detected foreign objects in the test data.We evaluated this method on images of pasta,snacks,pistachios,and red beans under the same conditions.The results show that the normal and defective products were classified with an accuracy of at least 94%for all packaged foods.For detecting foreign objects that are typically difficult to detect using the unsupervised learning and traditional methods,the proposed method achieved high-performance realtime anomaly detection.In addition,to eliminate the loss in high-resolution X-ray images,the false positive rate and accuracy could be lowered to 5%with patch-based training and a new post-processing algorithm.
