This paper considers the supplier investment decision-making problem in a supply chain consisting of an original equipment manufacturer(OEM),a global supplier,and a local supplier.To reduce dependence on global suppli...This paper considers the supplier investment decision-making problem in a supply chain consisting of an original equipment manufacturer(OEM),a global supplier,and a local supplier.To reduce dependence on global suppliers and improve supply stability,we develop a differential game model to investigate the optimal investment decisions of the OEM towards the local supplier under different risk scenarios and the impact of different risks on the optimal decisions.The results show that investment efficiency and risks have a significant impact on OEM investment decisions.Specifically,when the OEM has higher investment efficiency,investing in the local supplier is profitable for the OEM;conversely,when the investment efficiency of the OEM is lower,it does not invest.In addition,an increase in the supply risk of the global supplier will lower the entry threshold for OEM investment,but an increase in the supply risk of the local supplier and the reputational risk of both will increase this threshold,meaning that only the OEM with significantly higher investment efficiency can profit.展开更多
Understanding water dynamics is a prerequisite for the restoration of degraded ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions.In this study,we carried out δD and δ^(18)O analyses of precipitation,unsaturated soil water,ove...Understanding water dynamics is a prerequisite for the restoration of degraded ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions.In this study,we carried out δD and δ^(18)O analyses of precipitation,unsaturated soil water,overland flow,surface runoff,and groundwater samples from a seasonally flooded wetland in the Momoge National Nature Reserve of the Songnen Plain,Northeast China,to identify the water sources and understand the mechanisms of unsaturated soil water movement.Unsaturated soil water content(W/W%)at every 20 cm along with a soil profile(0–100 cm)was collected during the growing season,and the HYDRUS-1D model was used to simulate temporal-spatial variations.The results showed that the local meteoric water line(δD=5.90δ18O-7.34,R2=0.95)had a smaller slope and intercept than the global meteoric water line because of strong evaporation at our study site under semi-arid climate.The groundwater was partly recharged by local precipitation via overland flow and unsaturated soil water infiltration.Unsaturated soil water was sourced from both precipitation and groundwater with variations at different depths.The upper soil layer at 0–15 cm was mainly sourced from limited precipitation,while the groundwater could move up to a 25 cm layer during the dry period.The unsaturated soil water content increased with soil depth in the top 40 cm,decreased at depths of 40 to 80 cm,and increased again at depths of 80 to 100 cm.The HYDRUS-1D model could simulate the unsaturated soil water dynamics well in the upper(0–40 cm)and lower(80–100 cm)sections,but poorly for depths of 40–80 cm due to the upward and downward flow.The bidirectional unsaturated soil water movement highlights the importance of capillary groundwater for wetland plants with similar climatic or hydrogeological conditions.展开更多
In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and re...In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and retailers in the supply chain suffer enormous loss. To survive under the pandemic, retailers have adopted different sourcing strategies, such as contingent sourcing, which, in turn, affect the upstream suppliers and hence the resilience of the whole supply chain. With the rapid development of digital technologies, retailers nowadays can utilize blockchain as a reliable and efficient way to reduce product risk and hence advance the resilience of food supply chains by improving product traceability and inspection accuracy, and making sourcing transparent. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the interrelation between the retailer’s decisions on blockchain adoption and sourcing strategies. We consider that a retailer originally orders from a risky supplier while conducting an imperfect inspection to detect infected products before selling. The retailer may speculatively keep on ordering from the risky supplier or adopt contingent sourcing by ordering from an alternative safe supplier. The retailer also has an option to implement blockchain to improve the inspection accuracy and product traceability. We derive the optimal retail prices under different sourcing strategies with and without blockchain adoption and then analyze the incentives for sourcing strategy and blockchain adoption. Then, we identify the conditions of an all-win situation for food retailer, supplier, supply chain resilience, and consumers with/without government subsidy. Finally, we extend to consider the situation that some consumers have health-safety concerns and preferences for blockchain adoption.展开更多
In this study, lyophilized and methanolic extracts of aloe gel from different germplasms were evaluated for their potential to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity. The results showed potent inhibitory effect of Aloe ...In this study, lyophilized and methanolic extracts of aloe gel from different germplasms were evaluated for their potential to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity. The results showed potent inhibitory effect of Aloe vera gel extracts on L-dihydroxyphenylalanine(L-DOPA) oxidation catalyzed by tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner. Significant differences in % inhibition of tyrosinase among the extraction methods and the germplasms were observed. The relative performance of the germplasms was evaluated with the help of posthoc multicomparison test. The methanolic extract was more effective than the lyophilized crude gel in all the germplasms. The inhibitory effect of the lyophilized gel and methanolic extract tested from five germplasms followed the order: RM > TN > S24 > OR > RJN. The germplasm RM showed the highest tyrosinase inhibition, and the maximum % inhibition noted was 26.04% and 41.18%, respectively for the lyophilized and methanolic extracts at 6 mg·mL–1concentration. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the different concentrations of L-DOPA in the absence and presence of lyophilized gel extract showed competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase in all the germplasms. This study suggests that the germplasm RM could potentially be used for the isolation and identification of the effective tyrosinase inhibitory component, and ascertains the critical role of selecting the best source of germplasm for natural product isolation and characterization.展开更多
The rapid development of the online food-delivery industry,has led to not only increases in the number of the crowd-sourced shared food-delivery service drivers on our roads,but also growing urban traffic safety manag...The rapid development of the online food-delivery industry,has led to not only increases in the number of the crowd-sourced shared food-delivery service drivers on our roads,but also growing urban traffic safety management concerns.This study investigates the decision-making behaviors that exist between delivery drivers,their food-delivery platform and their potential impact on traffic safety.Using the evolutionary game theory,stakeholder decision-making behaviors involving traffic safety within the food-delivery industry were analyzed.From our analysis,several behavioral influencers were identified,including penalties for traffic violations,the opportunity cost of delivery drivers complying with traffic rules,the costs associated with risk and strict management approaches,reputation incentives,costs related to the delivery platform being punished,the probability of compliance with traffic rules,and the probability of adopting a strict management approach by the delivery platform.Our study demonstrates that stabilization strategies used by the food service industry differ when the types of government control measures also differ.When the government takes a more aggressive approach to regulation and control,compliance with the traffic rules and the adoption of strict enforcement measures by management are the only evolutionary stability strategies available to food-delivery platforms.As part of a strict management strategy,appropriate compensation or incentive measures should be provided by the distribution platform.Furthermore,the fines given for traffic violations should be increased to create a safer road environment that has fewer traffic accidents involving food-delivery drivers.展开更多
随着我国社会经济的发展,企业的规模和成熟度飞速提高,对于财务会计行业的要求也越来越高,我国的财务工作从人员数量到人员专业能力以及工作模式上已经出现了滞后,无法满足企业的需求。寻求新的财务工作模式是财务行业生存和发展的唯一...随着我国社会经济的发展,企业的规模和成熟度飞速提高,对于财务会计行业的要求也越来越高,我国的财务工作从人员数量到人员专业能力以及工作模式上已经出现了滞后,无法满足企业的需求。寻求新的财务工作模式是财务行业生存和发展的唯一出路。一、财务外包概述企业财务外包(financial out sourcing managed service),是指将企业财务工作的全部或者部分委托给企业外部的专业服务机构来完成的财务工作模式。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.72271208the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2023M741907.
文摘This paper considers the supplier investment decision-making problem in a supply chain consisting of an original equipment manufacturer(OEM),a global supplier,and a local supplier.To reduce dependence on global suppliers and improve supply stability,we develop a differential game model to investigate the optimal investment decisions of the OEM towards the local supplier under different risk scenarios and the impact of different risks on the optimal decisions.The results show that investment efficiency and risks have a significant impact on OEM investment decisions.Specifically,when the OEM has higher investment efficiency,investing in the local supplier is profitable for the OEM;conversely,when the investment efficiency of the OEM is lower,it does not invest.In addition,an increase in the supply risk of the global supplier will lower the entry threshold for OEM investment,but an increase in the supply risk of the local supplier and the reputational risk of both will increase this threshold,meaning that only the OEM with significantly higher investment efficiency can profit.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42222102,41971136,42171107,42230516)the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20230508089RC)the Professional Association of the Alliance of International Science Organizations(ANSO-PA-2020-14).
文摘Understanding water dynamics is a prerequisite for the restoration of degraded ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions.In this study,we carried out δD and δ^(18)O analyses of precipitation,unsaturated soil water,overland flow,surface runoff,and groundwater samples from a seasonally flooded wetland in the Momoge National Nature Reserve of the Songnen Plain,Northeast China,to identify the water sources and understand the mechanisms of unsaturated soil water movement.Unsaturated soil water content(W/W%)at every 20 cm along with a soil profile(0–100 cm)was collected during the growing season,and the HYDRUS-1D model was used to simulate temporal-spatial variations.The results showed that the local meteoric water line(δD=5.90δ18O-7.34,R2=0.95)had a smaller slope and intercept than the global meteoric water line because of strong evaporation at our study site under semi-arid climate.The groundwater was partly recharged by local precipitation via overland flow and unsaturated soil water infiltration.Unsaturated soil water was sourced from both precipitation and groundwater with variations at different depths.The upper soil layer at 0–15 cm was mainly sourced from limited precipitation,while the groundwater could move up to a 25 cm layer during the dry period.The unsaturated soil water content increased with soil depth in the top 40 cm,decreased at depths of 40 to 80 cm,and increased again at depths of 80 to 100 cm.The HYDRUS-1D model could simulate the unsaturated soil water dynamics well in the upper(0–40 cm)and lower(80–100 cm)sections,but poorly for depths of 40–80 cm due to the upward and downward flow.The bidirectional unsaturated soil water movement highlights the importance of capillary groundwater for wetland plants with similar climatic or hydrogeological conditions.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72071113 and 71701222)Excellent Applied Research Program of Jiangsu Provincial Federation of Philosophy and Social Sciences(Grant No.22SYB-098)+4 种基金Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.21YJC630052)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515030260)Social Sciences and Planning Fund of Shenzhen(Grant No.SZ2022C009)Stable Support Plan Programof Shenzhen NaturalScienceFund(GrantNo.20200812134420001)SZU-LU Joint Research Programme(Grant No.202202003).
文摘In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and retailers in the supply chain suffer enormous loss. To survive under the pandemic, retailers have adopted different sourcing strategies, such as contingent sourcing, which, in turn, affect the upstream suppliers and hence the resilience of the whole supply chain. With the rapid development of digital technologies, retailers nowadays can utilize blockchain as a reliable and efficient way to reduce product risk and hence advance the resilience of food supply chains by improving product traceability and inspection accuracy, and making sourcing transparent. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the interrelation between the retailer’s decisions on blockchain adoption and sourcing strategies. We consider that a retailer originally orders from a risky supplier while conducting an imperfect inspection to detect infected products before selling. The retailer may speculatively keep on ordering from the risky supplier or adopt contingent sourcing by ordering from an alternative safe supplier. The retailer also has an option to implement blockchain to improve the inspection accuracy and product traceability. We derive the optimal retail prices under different sourcing strategies with and without blockchain adoption and then analyze the incentives for sourcing strategy and blockchain adoption. Then, we identify the conditions of an all-win situation for food retailer, supplier, supply chain resilience, and consumers with/without government subsidy. Finally, we extend to consider the situation that some consumers have health-safety concerns and preferences for blockchain adoption.
基金supported by the grants from the Department of Science and Technology,New Delhi,India
文摘In this study, lyophilized and methanolic extracts of aloe gel from different germplasms were evaluated for their potential to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity. The results showed potent inhibitory effect of Aloe vera gel extracts on L-dihydroxyphenylalanine(L-DOPA) oxidation catalyzed by tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner. Significant differences in % inhibition of tyrosinase among the extraction methods and the germplasms were observed. The relative performance of the germplasms was evaluated with the help of posthoc multicomparison test. The methanolic extract was more effective than the lyophilized crude gel in all the germplasms. The inhibitory effect of the lyophilized gel and methanolic extract tested from five germplasms followed the order: RM > TN > S24 > OR > RJN. The germplasm RM showed the highest tyrosinase inhibition, and the maximum % inhibition noted was 26.04% and 41.18%, respectively for the lyophilized and methanolic extracts at 6 mg·mL–1concentration. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the different concentrations of L-DOPA in the absence and presence of lyophilized gel extract showed competitive inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase in all the germplasms. This study suggests that the germplasm RM could potentially be used for the isolation and identification of the effective tyrosinase inhibitory component, and ascertains the critical role of selecting the best source of germplasm for natural product isolation and characterization.
基金supported by the National Social Science Found of China(20BJY179)the Fundamental Research Foundation for the Central Universities,China(300102231666)+3 种基金Shaanxi Social Science Fund,China(2021D004)Research Project on Major Theoretical and Practical Problems of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Shaanxi Province,China(2021ND0447)Annual Scientific Research Program of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education,China(21JP005)Xi’an Social Science Planning Fund,China(22JX197)
文摘The rapid development of the online food-delivery industry,has led to not only increases in the number of the crowd-sourced shared food-delivery service drivers on our roads,but also growing urban traffic safety management concerns.This study investigates the decision-making behaviors that exist between delivery drivers,their food-delivery platform and their potential impact on traffic safety.Using the evolutionary game theory,stakeholder decision-making behaviors involving traffic safety within the food-delivery industry were analyzed.From our analysis,several behavioral influencers were identified,including penalties for traffic violations,the opportunity cost of delivery drivers complying with traffic rules,the costs associated with risk and strict management approaches,reputation incentives,costs related to the delivery platform being punished,the probability of compliance with traffic rules,and the probability of adopting a strict management approach by the delivery platform.Our study demonstrates that stabilization strategies used by the food service industry differ when the types of government control measures also differ.When the government takes a more aggressive approach to regulation and control,compliance with the traffic rules and the adoption of strict enforcement measures by management are the only evolutionary stability strategies available to food-delivery platforms.As part of a strict management strategy,appropriate compensation or incentive measures should be provided by the distribution platform.Furthermore,the fines given for traffic violations should be increased to create a safer road environment that has fewer traffic accidents involving food-delivery drivers.
文摘随着我国社会经济的发展,企业的规模和成熟度飞速提高,对于财务会计行业的要求也越来越高,我国的财务工作从人员数量到人员专业能力以及工作模式上已经出现了滞后,无法满足企业的需求。寻求新的财务工作模式是财务行业生存和发展的唯一出路。一、财务外包概述企业财务外包(financial out sourcing managed service),是指将企业财务工作的全部或者部分委托给企业外部的专业服务机构来完成的财务工作模式。
