The chemotactic responses of Meloidogyne incognita were studied in salt gradients in an agarose gel. Forty-eight combinations of sodium, copper, cesium, manganese , barium, potassium, ferric or ammonium cations and ch...The chemotactic responses of Meloidogyne incognita were studied in salt gradients in an agarose gel. Forty-eight combinations of sodium, copper, cesium, manganese , barium, potassium, ferric or ammonium cations and chloride, nitrate, sulphate, hydrogen-phosphate, bicarbonate, acetic acid, thiocyanic acid and hydroxyl anions were tested at six concentrations from 0.0625 × 10-2 to 2 × 10-2 mol·L-1. M. incognita was repellented to salts that included Cl- and SCN-. Other salts that comprised the same anions had different chemotactic responses, among which M. incognita was repellented to ammonium salts that included Ba(NO3)2, NH4NO3, Mn(NO3)2, and hydrogen-phosphate salts that included KH2PO4, K2HPO4, and bicarbonate salts that included Na2CO3, K2CO3, (NH4)2CO3, KHCO3, and hydroxyl salts that included KOH, NaOH, and organic acid that included C2H4O2, C3H6O3 and C4H6O6. The repellent or attraction properties of different salts having the same cations were not consistent. The order of repellence was SCN- > NO3- > Cl- > OH- > CO32- >H2PO-4 > organic acid >SO42- . The chemotaxis of nematodes to KCl, Ba(NO3)2, NH4NO3, Mn(NO3)2, (NH4)2CO3, CH3COOH and C4H6O6 increased with the increasing concentration, while the concentration of other salts tested did not influence nematode chemotaxis significantly.展开更多
The continued evolution of bacterial and fungal species poses a significant difficulty for the treatment of disease of microbial origin. Given this situation, the prevention of transmission of such microbial diseases ...The continued evolution of bacterial and fungal species poses a significant difficulty for the treatment of disease of microbial origin. Given this situation, the prevention of transmission of such microbial diseases becomes of increasing importance. Efforts of this laboratory have been directed toward the destruction of microbial species on environmental surfaces as a prophylaxis toward infection, and we herein report on the efficacy of a system that demonstrates activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. We report specifically herein on the use of fabric materials so activated for the destruction of these microbial species, useful for a variety of surfaces within hospital and related settings wherein transmission of microbial disease is a major problem, while these approaches are also applicable for a variety of other types of surfaces.展开更多
文摘The chemotactic responses of Meloidogyne incognita were studied in salt gradients in an agarose gel. Forty-eight combinations of sodium, copper, cesium, manganese , barium, potassium, ferric or ammonium cations and chloride, nitrate, sulphate, hydrogen-phosphate, bicarbonate, acetic acid, thiocyanic acid and hydroxyl anions were tested at six concentrations from 0.0625 × 10-2 to 2 × 10-2 mol·L-1. M. incognita was repellented to salts that included Cl- and SCN-. Other salts that comprised the same anions had different chemotactic responses, among which M. incognita was repellented to ammonium salts that included Ba(NO3)2, NH4NO3, Mn(NO3)2, and hydrogen-phosphate salts that included KH2PO4, K2HPO4, and bicarbonate salts that included Na2CO3, K2CO3, (NH4)2CO3, KHCO3, and hydroxyl salts that included KOH, NaOH, and organic acid that included C2H4O2, C3H6O3 and C4H6O6. The repellent or attraction properties of different salts having the same cations were not consistent. The order of repellence was SCN- > NO3- > Cl- > OH- > CO32- >H2PO-4 > organic acid >SO42- . The chemotaxis of nematodes to KCl, Ba(NO3)2, NH4NO3, Mn(NO3)2, (NH4)2CO3, CH3COOH and C4H6O6 increased with the increasing concentration, while the concentration of other salts tested did not influence nematode chemotaxis significantly.
文摘The continued evolution of bacterial and fungal species poses a significant difficulty for the treatment of disease of microbial origin. Given this situation, the prevention of transmission of such microbial diseases becomes of increasing importance. Efforts of this laboratory have been directed toward the destruction of microbial species on environmental surfaces as a prophylaxis toward infection, and we herein report on the efficacy of a system that demonstrates activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. We report specifically herein on the use of fabric materials so activated for the destruction of these microbial species, useful for a variety of surfaces within hospital and related settings wherein transmission of microbial disease is a major problem, while these approaches are also applicable for a variety of other types of surfaces.
