To study the toxicity of extracts of Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta to Oncomelania hupensis,snails were exposed to 40% and 80% of 24 h LC 50 of the extract of Ginkgo bilba for 24 h,choline esterase(ChE),alanine aminotransfe...To study the toxicity of extracts of Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta to Oncomelania hupensis,snails were exposed to 40% and 80% of 24 h LC 50 of the extract of Ginkgo bilba for 24 h,choline esterase(ChE),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),succino dehydrogenase(SDH),malic dehydrogenase(MDH)activities in cephalopodium and liver were determined by enzyme kinetic assay.Arecoline and niclosamide were used as reference molluscicides.The results showed that sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba could inhibit ChE,ALT,ALP and MDH activities both in cephalopodium and liver;arecoline could inhibit ChE,ALP,SDH and MDH activities in cephalopodium and ChE,ALT,ALP,SDH and MDH activities in liver.Niclosamide had inhibitory effects upon ChE,ALT,ALP,SDH and MDH activities in cephalopodium,and ChE,ALT,ALP and SDH activities in liver.All three molluscicides did not inhibite LDH activity in cephalopodium and liver.These results indicate that lethal effects of extracts of sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba are mediated via inhibition of MDH activitiy,and interference with the NADH respiratory chains.Inhibition of vital enzymic mechanisms causes snails to death.展开更多
Schistosomiasis japonica,caused by the human blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum,remains a major public health problem in China,although great success has been achieved.The control efforts during the past half-decade,no...Schistosomiasis japonica,caused by the human blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum,remains a major public health problem in China,although great success has been achieved.The control efforts during the past half-decade,notably the wide implementation of the new integrated strategy with emphasis on control of the source of S.japonicum infection across the country since 2004,has greatly reduced S.japonicum in humans,livestock,and intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis snails,and transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved in China in 2015.A two-stage roadmap was therefore proposed for schistosomiasis elimination in 2015,with aims to achieve transmission interruption by 2020 and achieve disease elimination by 2025 in the country.During the last two decades,a variety of approaches,which target the epidemiological factors of schistosomiasis japonica have been developed,in order to block the transmission cycle of the parasite.These approaches have been employed in the national or local schistosomiasis control activities,and facilitated,at least in part,the progress of the schistosomiasis elimination programs.Here,we present an approach to control the source of S.japonicum infection,three new tools for snail control,three approaches for detecting and monitoring S.japonicum infection,and a novel model for health education.These approaches are considered to play a great role in the stage moving towards transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis in China.展开更多
文摘To study the toxicity of extracts of Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta to Oncomelania hupensis,snails were exposed to 40% and 80% of 24 h LC 50 of the extract of Ginkgo bilba for 24 h,choline esterase(ChE),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),succino dehydrogenase(SDH),malic dehydrogenase(MDH)activities in cephalopodium and liver were determined by enzyme kinetic assay.Arecoline and niclosamide were used as reference molluscicides.The results showed that sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba could inhibit ChE,ALT,ALP and MDH activities both in cephalopodium and liver;arecoline could inhibit ChE,ALP,SDH and MDH activities in cephalopodium and ChE,ALT,ALP,SDH and MDH activities in liver.Niclosamide had inhibitory effects upon ChE,ALT,ALP,SDH and MDH activities in cephalopodium,and ChE,ALT,ALP and SDH activities in liver.All three molluscicides did not inhibite LDH activity in cephalopodium and liver.These results indicate that lethal effects of extracts of sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba are mediated via inhibition of MDH activitiy,and interference with the NADH respiratory chains.Inhibition of vital enzymic mechanisms causes snails to death.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the China UK Global Health Support Programme(grant no.GHSP-OP202)National S&T Major Program(grant no.2012ZX10004-220)+3 种基金National Science&Technology Pillar Program of China(grant no.2009BAI78B06)Shanghai Public Health 3-Year Action Plan(grant no.15GWZK0101)Jiangsu Provincial Science&Technology Project(grant no.BL2014021),Jiangsu Provincial Young Talents in Medical Sciences(grant no.QNRC2016621)Jiangsu Department of Health(grant nos.Q201404 and X201410)。
文摘Schistosomiasis japonica,caused by the human blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum,remains a major public health problem in China,although great success has been achieved.The control efforts during the past half-decade,notably the wide implementation of the new integrated strategy with emphasis on control of the source of S.japonicum infection across the country since 2004,has greatly reduced S.japonicum in humans,livestock,and intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis snails,and transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved in China in 2015.A two-stage roadmap was therefore proposed for schistosomiasis elimination in 2015,with aims to achieve transmission interruption by 2020 and achieve disease elimination by 2025 in the country.During the last two decades,a variety of approaches,which target the epidemiological factors of schistosomiasis japonica have been developed,in order to block the transmission cycle of the parasite.These approaches have been employed in the national or local schistosomiasis control activities,and facilitated,at least in part,the progress of the schistosomiasis elimination programs.Here,we present an approach to control the source of S.japonicum infection,three new tools for snail control,three approaches for detecting and monitoring S.japonicum infection,and a novel model for health education.These approaches are considered to play a great role in the stage moving towards transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis in China.
