Mariculture has been one of the fastest-growing global food production sectors over the past three decades.With the congestion of space and deterioration of the environment in coastal regions,offshore aquaculture has ...Mariculture has been one of the fastest-growing global food production sectors over the past three decades.With the congestion of space and deterioration of the environment in coastal regions,offshore aquaculture has gained increasing attention.Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)and rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)are two important aquaculture species and contribute to 6.1%of world aquaculture production of finfish.In the present study,we established species distribution models(SDMs)to identify the potential areas for offshore aquaculture of these two cold-water fish species considering the mesoscale spatio-temporal thermal heterogeneity of the Yellow Sea.The values of the area under the curve(AUC)and the true skill statistic(TSS)showed good model performance.The suitability index(SI),which was used in this study to quantitatively assess potential offshore aquaculture sites,was highly dynamic at the surface water layer.However,high SI values occurred throughout the year at deeper water layers.The potential aquaculture areas for S.salar and O.mykiss in the Yellow Sea were estimated as 52,270±3275(95%confidence interval,CI)and 146,831±15,023 km^(2),respectively.Our results highlighted the use of SDMs in identifying potential aquaculture areas based on environmental variables.Considering the thermal heterogeneity of the environment,this study suggested that offshore aquaculture for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout was feasible in the Yellow Sea by adopting new technologies(e.g.,sinking cages into deep water)to avoid damage from high temperatures in summer.展开更多
为保证钢质养殖平台在远海恶劣海况下的安全性,对养殖平台锚泊方案进行风、浪、流水池模型试验论证。根据模型试验的相似准则,采用养殖平台与模型几何相似、水池流体动力相似、非定常流动相似、模型缆绳与实体满足弹性相似的条件。通过...为保证钢质养殖平台在远海恶劣海况下的安全性,对养殖平台锚泊方案进行风、浪、流水池模型试验论证。根据模型试验的相似准则,采用养殖平台与模型几何相似、水池流体动力相似、非定常流动相似、模型缆绳与实体满足弹性相似的条件。通过试验,测出在不同大小和方向的风、浪、流作用下每根缆绳的受力值,以及养殖平台模型的运动状态、位移和方向。结果显示:在横风、横浪和横流(均为90°)工况下,缆绳受力最大,最大值为114.96 k N,垂荡和橫摇运动量最大,垂荡最大值7.99 m,橫摇最大值12.25°;在斜风、斜浪和斜流(均为45°)工况下,纵摇运动量最大,最大值为8.4 m;波浪越高,缆绳受力也越大,养殖平台运动量也变大。研究表明:与船级社指南对比,在各个工况下,该养殖平台锚泊方案符合船级社系泊指南要求。展开更多
In America offshore aquaculture is gaining momentum in recent years,and expects to grow faster in the near future.The White House has clearly expressed its support;statistics show that the aquaculture has huge potenti...In America offshore aquaculture is gaining momentum in recent years,and expects to grow faster in the near future.The White House has clearly expressed its support;statistics show that the aquaculture has huge potential and can contribute a lot to employment and help reducing the trade deficit;the offshore aquaculture act which is designed to promote American offshore aquaculture industry has been proposed to the Congress for action.However,there are still some long standing obstacles hindering its development such as competing uses, wasted pollutants,lacking of fishing food,escapees,GMOs,lengthy permission procedures etc.Ironically,to some of these issues,debates have been there for decades without consensus.While the proposed National Offshore Aquaculture Act 2005 may provide major principles for the solution to these problems,it is also useful to draw experiences from some other countries that have longer history and more advanced skills in the industry.Their technology and institutional design are prone to the development of their aquaculture industries.Mainly this paper,as a literature review,examines the practices of Norway,Canada and Australia, and compares their actions with the real problems in U.S.,and what has been proposed by National Offshore Aquaculture Act 2005.This paper aims to check what other nations have done with these problems,draw useful experiences from them,analyze what the Offshore Aquaculture Act has achieved,and recommend what the related federal agencies should do in the next step.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1906206 and 42025604)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project 2019YFD0901002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Mariculture has been one of the fastest-growing global food production sectors over the past three decades.With the congestion of space and deterioration of the environment in coastal regions,offshore aquaculture has gained increasing attention.Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)and rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)are two important aquaculture species and contribute to 6.1%of world aquaculture production of finfish.In the present study,we established species distribution models(SDMs)to identify the potential areas for offshore aquaculture of these two cold-water fish species considering the mesoscale spatio-temporal thermal heterogeneity of the Yellow Sea.The values of the area under the curve(AUC)and the true skill statistic(TSS)showed good model performance.The suitability index(SI),which was used in this study to quantitatively assess potential offshore aquaculture sites,was highly dynamic at the surface water layer.However,high SI values occurred throughout the year at deeper water layers.The potential aquaculture areas for S.salar and O.mykiss in the Yellow Sea were estimated as 52,270±3275(95%confidence interval,CI)and 146,831±15,023 km^(2),respectively.Our results highlighted the use of SDMs in identifying potential aquaculture areas based on environmental variables.Considering the thermal heterogeneity of the environment,this study suggested that offshore aquaculture for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout was feasible in the Yellow Sea by adopting new technologies(e.g.,sinking cages into deep water)to avoid damage from high temperatures in summer.
文摘为保证钢质养殖平台在远海恶劣海况下的安全性,对养殖平台锚泊方案进行风、浪、流水池模型试验论证。根据模型试验的相似准则,采用养殖平台与模型几何相似、水池流体动力相似、非定常流动相似、模型缆绳与实体满足弹性相似的条件。通过试验,测出在不同大小和方向的风、浪、流作用下每根缆绳的受力值,以及养殖平台模型的运动状态、位移和方向。结果显示:在横风、横浪和横流(均为90°)工况下,缆绳受力最大,最大值为114.96 k N,垂荡和橫摇运动量最大,垂荡最大值7.99 m,橫摇最大值12.25°;在斜风、斜浪和斜流(均为45°)工况下,纵摇运动量最大,最大值为8.4 m;波浪越高,缆绳受力也越大,养殖平台运动量也变大。研究表明:与船级社指南对比,在各个工况下,该养殖平台锚泊方案符合船级社系泊指南要求。
文摘In America offshore aquaculture is gaining momentum in recent years,and expects to grow faster in the near future.The White House has clearly expressed its support;statistics show that the aquaculture has huge potential and can contribute a lot to employment and help reducing the trade deficit;the offshore aquaculture act which is designed to promote American offshore aquaculture industry has been proposed to the Congress for action.However,there are still some long standing obstacles hindering its development such as competing uses, wasted pollutants,lacking of fishing food,escapees,GMOs,lengthy permission procedures etc.Ironically,to some of these issues,debates have been there for decades without consensus.While the proposed National Offshore Aquaculture Act 2005 may provide major principles for the solution to these problems,it is also useful to draw experiences from some other countries that have longer history and more advanced skills in the industry.Their technology and institutional design are prone to the development of their aquaculture industries.Mainly this paper,as a literature review,examines the practices of Norway,Canada and Australia, and compares their actions with the real problems in U.S.,and what has been proposed by National Offshore Aquaculture Act 2005.This paper aims to check what other nations have done with these problems,draw useful experiences from them,analyze what the Offshore Aquaculture Act has achieved,and recommend what the related federal agencies should do in the next step.
