为了定量地分析我国电力生产事故发生的原因,以从国家安监局网上和电力企业获取的130起典型的电力生产事故为样本,对造成事故的人因因素进行系统分析,构建适用于电力行业的改进的人因因素分类与分析系统(Human Factors Analysis and Cla...为了定量地分析我国电力生产事故发生的原因,以从国家安监局网上和电力企业获取的130起典型的电力生产事故为样本,对造成事故的人因因素进行系统分析,构建适用于电力行业的改进的人因因素分类与分析系统(Human Factors Analysis and Classification System,HFACS),利用SPSS22.0对事故人因因素进行卡方检验和让步比分析,研究结果表明:组织影响是事故的主要原因,组织影响、不安全的监管、不安全行为前提条件、不安全的行为之间存在显著的因果关系。展开更多
Background: Epidemic of anemia is considered to be a significant threat to pregnant women or women in child bearing age. Anemia is one of the major nutritional health disorders affecting significant proportion of popu...Background: Epidemic of anemia is considered to be a significant threat to pregnant women or women in child bearing age. Anemia is one of the major nutritional health disorders affecting significant proportion of population not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. This threat is more alarming in developing countries where poverty, illiteracy may contribute to high risk for causes of anemia. Objective: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the main causes of anemia in pregnant women in the State of Azad Kashmir, Muzaffarabad and to investigate the relationship between education and anemia. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted over a sample of 433 pregnant women. The Chi- square test has been used to assess the statistical significance of different risk factors with Hb% (Heamoglobin) of the respondent. The multiple logistic regression model was used to get the most significant risk factors of anemia. Results: The study shows that the most dominant risk factors of the anemia were age at the time of marriage at different age categories that are 16 - 20 (OR = 3.945) (OR Odds ratios) with 95% C-I (confidence interval) (0.294 to 52.985), 21 - 25 (OR = 2.316) with 95% C-I (0.192 to 27.932) and 26 - 30 (OR = 4.179) with 95% C-I (0.347 to 50.320). Education at different education levels that is illiterate (OR = 1.191) with 95% C-I (0.005 to 87.279) and primary (OR = 1.179) with 95% C-I (0.009 to 156.200). Hb% at different levels 3 - 4 g/dl (OR = 1.220) with 95% C-I (0.299 to 4.984), 5 - 6 g/dl (OR = 2.221) with 95% C-I (0.679 to7.263) and 7 - 10 g/dl (OR = 1.384) with 95% C-I (0.408 to 4.689). Monthly展开更多
Multinomial logistic regression (MNL) is an attractive statistical approach in modeling the vehicle crash severity as it does not require the assumption of normality, linearity, or homoscedasticity compared to other a...Multinomial logistic regression (MNL) is an attractive statistical approach in modeling the vehicle crash severity as it does not require the assumption of normality, linearity, or homoscedasticity compared to other approaches, such as the discriminant analysis which requires these assumptions to be met. Moreover, it produces sound estimates by changing the probability range between 0.0 and 1.0 to log odds ranging from negative infinity to positive infinity, as it applies transformation of the dependent variable to a continuous variable. The estimates are asymptotically consistent with the requirements of the nonlinear regression process. The results of MNL can be interpreted by both the regression coefficient estimates and/or the odd ratios (the exponentiated coefficients) as well. In addition, the MNL can be used to improve the fitted model by comparing the full model that includes all predictors to a chosen restricted model by excluding the non-significant predictors. As such, this paper presents a detailed step by step overview of incorporating the MNL in crash severity modeling, using vehicle crash data of the Interstate I70 in the State of Missouri, USA for the years (2013-2015).展开更多
Background: Child vaccinations are one of most cost effective health programs that have weakened a number of child morbidity and mortality rate all over the world. Pakistan is considered one of the major country of th...Background: Child vaccinations are one of most cost effective health programs that have weakened a number of child morbidity and mortality rate all over the world. Pakistan is considered one of the major country of the world, where people especially children are bound by many harmful infectious diseases like polio, hepatitis, viral infections etc. The effectiveness of routine childhood immunization programs relies on multiple factors. Socio-economic determinants have the potential to affect immunization programs. The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between socio-economic factors and polio vaccination coverage among children inPakistan. Methods: The study used data from the Pakistandemographic health survey (PDHS 2006-07 N 10023). The study focused on respondents who had births in last five years. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine the association between variables. Spss version 20 was used for data analysis. A number of socioeconomic variables were used in chi square & binary logistic regression model to check out their association with polio vaccination coverage. Results: Study shows that most dominant factors associated with polio vaccination coverage were region that is NWFP OR 3.48 (odd ratio) with 95% confidence interval (C-I 2.06 & 3.13) & Punjab OR 2.54 (C-I 2.062 & 3.131), residence urban OR 1.626 (C-I 1.451 & 1.822), sex of child male OR 1.125 (C-I 1.008 & 1.256), age of mother 25 - 34 years OR 1.11 (C-I 0.978 & 1.276), wealth index rich OR 2.98 (C-I 2.55 & 3.48), age of child 4 - 5 years OR 1.17 (C-I 0.899 & 1.538), mother’s education higher OR 2.06 (C-I 1.776 & 2.411), father’s education higher OR 1.399 (C-I 1.221 & 1.203) ,father’s occupation professional OR 1.27 (C-I 0.929 & 1.737). Conclusion: In developing countries like Pakistan most of the children remain unvaccinated because of many socio-economic constraints. Poor marginalized people have a low awareness regarding the importance of polio vaccine. Along with social hierarchies, educa展开更多
A precise understanding of the relationships between the household characteristics and the residential energy consumption is needed to support the implementation of effective top-bottom energy strategies and to improv...A precise understanding of the relationships between the household characteristics and the residential energy consumption is needed to support the implementation of effective top-bottom energy strategies and to improve the prediction of forecasting models.This paper contributes to the present-day discussion and analyses the build-ing factors,socio-demographic variables and appliances contributing to high-energy expenditures(viz.,electrical energy expenditure,thermal energy expenditure and total energy expenditure)in the Italian households.The proposed study builds on an earlier work proposed by the authors,which identified the determinants of the household energy expenditures,based on a nationally representative survey(the“household Budget Survey:mi-crodata for research purposes-2015”performed by the Italian National Institute of Statistics).In particular,the present paper completes and extends the previous research by applying the odds-ratio analysis to the previously identified determinants,in order to identify the factors that led to high electricity consumption(viz.,electrical energy expenditure,thermal energy expenditure and total energy expenditure).In conclusion,this paper aims to providing a more precise understanding of the factors that certainly affect the energy expenditure.展开更多
文摘Background: Epidemic of anemia is considered to be a significant threat to pregnant women or women in child bearing age. Anemia is one of the major nutritional health disorders affecting significant proportion of population not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. This threat is more alarming in developing countries where poverty, illiteracy may contribute to high risk for causes of anemia. Objective: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the main causes of anemia in pregnant women in the State of Azad Kashmir, Muzaffarabad and to investigate the relationship between education and anemia. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted over a sample of 433 pregnant women. The Chi- square test has been used to assess the statistical significance of different risk factors with Hb% (Heamoglobin) of the respondent. The multiple logistic regression model was used to get the most significant risk factors of anemia. Results: The study shows that the most dominant risk factors of the anemia were age at the time of marriage at different age categories that are 16 - 20 (OR = 3.945) (OR Odds ratios) with 95% C-I (confidence interval) (0.294 to 52.985), 21 - 25 (OR = 2.316) with 95% C-I (0.192 to 27.932) and 26 - 30 (OR = 4.179) with 95% C-I (0.347 to 50.320). Education at different education levels that is illiterate (OR = 1.191) with 95% C-I (0.005 to 87.279) and primary (OR = 1.179) with 95% C-I (0.009 to 156.200). Hb% at different levels 3 - 4 g/dl (OR = 1.220) with 95% C-I (0.299 to 4.984), 5 - 6 g/dl (OR = 2.221) with 95% C-I (0.679 to7.263) and 7 - 10 g/dl (OR = 1.384) with 95% C-I (0.408 to 4.689). Monthly
文摘Multinomial logistic regression (MNL) is an attractive statistical approach in modeling the vehicle crash severity as it does not require the assumption of normality, linearity, or homoscedasticity compared to other approaches, such as the discriminant analysis which requires these assumptions to be met. Moreover, it produces sound estimates by changing the probability range between 0.0 and 1.0 to log odds ranging from negative infinity to positive infinity, as it applies transformation of the dependent variable to a continuous variable. The estimates are asymptotically consistent with the requirements of the nonlinear regression process. The results of MNL can be interpreted by both the regression coefficient estimates and/or the odd ratios (the exponentiated coefficients) as well. In addition, the MNL can be used to improve the fitted model by comparing the full model that includes all predictors to a chosen restricted model by excluding the non-significant predictors. As such, this paper presents a detailed step by step overview of incorporating the MNL in crash severity modeling, using vehicle crash data of the Interstate I70 in the State of Missouri, USA for the years (2013-2015).
文摘Background: Child vaccinations are one of most cost effective health programs that have weakened a number of child morbidity and mortality rate all over the world. Pakistan is considered one of the major country of the world, where people especially children are bound by many harmful infectious diseases like polio, hepatitis, viral infections etc. The effectiveness of routine childhood immunization programs relies on multiple factors. Socio-economic determinants have the potential to affect immunization programs. The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between socio-economic factors and polio vaccination coverage among children inPakistan. Methods: The study used data from the Pakistandemographic health survey (PDHS 2006-07 N 10023). The study focused on respondents who had births in last five years. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine the association between variables. Spss version 20 was used for data analysis. A number of socioeconomic variables were used in chi square & binary logistic regression model to check out their association with polio vaccination coverage. Results: Study shows that most dominant factors associated with polio vaccination coverage were region that is NWFP OR 3.48 (odd ratio) with 95% confidence interval (C-I 2.06 & 3.13) & Punjab OR 2.54 (C-I 2.062 & 3.131), residence urban OR 1.626 (C-I 1.451 & 1.822), sex of child male OR 1.125 (C-I 1.008 & 1.256), age of mother 25 - 34 years OR 1.11 (C-I 0.978 & 1.276), wealth index rich OR 2.98 (C-I 2.55 & 3.48), age of child 4 - 5 years OR 1.17 (C-I 0.899 & 1.538), mother’s education higher OR 2.06 (C-I 1.776 & 2.411), father’s education higher OR 1.399 (C-I 1.221 & 1.203) ,father’s occupation professional OR 1.27 (C-I 0.929 & 1.737). Conclusion: In developing countries like Pakistan most of the children remain unvaccinated because of many socio-economic constraints. Poor marginalized people have a low awareness regarding the importance of polio vaccine. Along with social hierarchies, educa
文摘A precise understanding of the relationships between the household characteristics and the residential energy consumption is needed to support the implementation of effective top-bottom energy strategies and to improve the prediction of forecasting models.This paper contributes to the present-day discussion and analyses the build-ing factors,socio-demographic variables and appliances contributing to high-energy expenditures(viz.,electrical energy expenditure,thermal energy expenditure and total energy expenditure)in the Italian households.The proposed study builds on an earlier work proposed by the authors,which identified the determinants of the household energy expenditures,based on a nationally representative survey(the“household Budget Survey:mi-crodata for research purposes-2015”performed by the Italian National Institute of Statistics).In particular,the present paper completes and extends the previous research by applying the odds-ratio analysis to the previously identified determinants,in order to identify the factors that led to high electricity consumption(viz.,electrical energy expenditure,thermal energy expenditure and total energy expenditure).In conclusion,this paper aims to providing a more precise understanding of the factors that certainly affect the energy expenditure.
