The Forkhead box O(FoxO) family has recently been highlighted as an important transcriptional regulator of crucial proteins associated with the many diverse functions of cells. So far, FoxO1, FoxO3 a, FoxO4 and FoxO6 ...The Forkhead box O(FoxO) family has recently been highlighted as an important transcriptional regulator of crucial proteins associated with the many diverse functions of cells. So far, FoxO1, FoxO3 a, FoxO4 and FoxO6 proteins have been identified in humans. Although each FoxO family member has its own role, unlike the other FoxO families, FoxO3 a has been extensively studied because of its rather unique and pivotal regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, stress management and longevity. FoxO3 a alteration is closely linked to the progression of several types of cancers, fibrosis and other types of diseases. In this review, we will examine the function of FoxO3 a in disease progression and also explore FoxO3a's regulatory mechanisms. We will also discuss FoxO3 a as a potential target for the treatment of several types of disease.展开更多
The response of extracellular matrix(ECM) to dynamic cell signals is of great significance for the regulation of cell behavior. In the present study, we prepared a type of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-sensitive degra...The response of extracellular matrix(ECM) to dynamic cell signals is of great significance for the regulation of cell behavior. In the present study, we prepared a type of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-sensitive degradable hydrogels(MSDHs) via the catalyst-free o-phthalaldehyde(OPA)/amine cross-linking reaction between o-phthalaldehyde-grafted four-arm poly(ethylene glycol)(4aPEG-OPA) and an MMP-sensitive degradable peptide. The gelation rates and storage moduli of MSDHs and the MMP-insensitive hydrogels(MIHs) based on an MMP-insensitive scramble peptide were comparable and dependent on the concentrations of precursor polymers. MSDHs were degradable while MIHs were stable in the presence of proteinase in vitro.The degradation of MSDHs was obviously faster than that of MIHs after subcutaneous injection into rats. In addition, both types of poly(ethylene glycol)/peptide hydrogels displayed excellent cytocompatibility in vitro, and showed good histocompatibility in vivo in the subcutaneous layer of rats. Furthermore, the proliferation of several MMP-expressing cell lines including MDA-MB-231 cells within MSDHs was obviously faster than that in MIHs, indicating the influence of metabolism-mediated scaffold degradation on the cell proliferation. This study provides a new biocompatible and biodegradable 3 D cell culture interactive platform for regulation of cell behavior.展开更多
Post-translational protein modification, including phosphorylation, is generally quick and reversible, facilitating rapid biologic adjustments to altered cellular physiologic demands. In addition to protein phosphoryl...Post-translational protein modification, including phosphorylation, is generally quick and reversible, facilitating rapid biologic adjustments to altered cellular physiologic demands. In addition to protein phosphorylation, other post-translational modifications have been identified. Intracellular protein O-glycosylation, the addition of the simple sugar O-linked N-acetylglucosamine （O-G1cNAc） to serine/threonine residues, is a relatively recently identified post-translational modification that has added to the complexity by which protein function is regulated. Two intracellular enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase, catalyze the addition and removal, respectively, of O-GlcNAc to serine and threonine side-chain hydroxyl groups. Numerous proteins, including enzymes, transcription factors, receptors and structural proteins have been shown to be modified by intracellular O-glycosylation. In this review, the mechanism and relevance of O-GlcNAc protein modification are discussed in the context of cell adhesion and several representative diseases.展开更多
The Zn(O,S)thin film is considered a most promising candidate for a cadmium-free buffer layer of the Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)thin-film solar cell due to its advantages of optical responses in the short-wavelength region ...The Zn(O,S)thin film is considered a most promising candidate for a cadmium-free buffer layer of the Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)thin-film solar cell due to its advantages of optical responses in the short-wavelength region and adjustable bandgap.In this paper,the thin-film growth mechanism and process optimization of Zn(O,S)films fabricated using the chemical bath deposition method are sys-tematically investigated.The thickness and quality of Zn(O,S)films were found to be strongly affected by the concentration variation of the precursor chemicals.It was also revealed that different surface morphologies of Zn(O,S)films would appear if the reaction time were changed and,subsequently,the optimum reaction time was defined.The film-growth curve suggested that the growth rate varied linearly with the deposition temperature and some defects appeared when the temperature was too high.In addition,to further improve the film quality,an effective post-treatment approach was proposed and the experimental results showed that the microstructure of the Zn(O,S)thin film was improved by an ammonia etching process followed by an annealing process.For com-parison purposes,both Zn(O,S)-based and CdS-based devices were fabricated and characterized.The device with a Zn(O,S)-CIGS solar cell after post-treatment showed near conversion efficiency comparable to that of the device with the CdS-CIGS cell.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Institutes of Health R01 HL 114662 to Nho R
文摘The Forkhead box O(FoxO) family has recently been highlighted as an important transcriptional regulator of crucial proteins associated with the many diverse functions of cells. So far, FoxO1, FoxO3 a, FoxO4 and FoxO6 proteins have been identified in humans. Although each FoxO family member has its own role, unlike the other FoxO families, FoxO3 a has been extensively studied because of its rather unique and pivotal regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, stress management and longevity. FoxO3 a alteration is closely linked to the progression of several types of cancers, fibrosis and other types of diseases. In this review, we will examine the function of FoxO3 a in disease progression and also explore FoxO3a's regulatory mechanisms. We will also discuss FoxO3 a as a potential target for the treatment of several types of disease.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51973218,51622307,21574127,51520105004)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS。
文摘The response of extracellular matrix(ECM) to dynamic cell signals is of great significance for the regulation of cell behavior. In the present study, we prepared a type of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-sensitive degradable hydrogels(MSDHs) via the catalyst-free o-phthalaldehyde(OPA)/amine cross-linking reaction between o-phthalaldehyde-grafted four-arm poly(ethylene glycol)(4aPEG-OPA) and an MMP-sensitive degradable peptide. The gelation rates and storage moduli of MSDHs and the MMP-insensitive hydrogels(MIHs) based on an MMP-insensitive scramble peptide were comparable and dependent on the concentrations of precursor polymers. MSDHs were degradable while MIHs were stable in the presence of proteinase in vitro.The degradation of MSDHs was obviously faster than that of MIHs after subcutaneous injection into rats. In addition, both types of poly(ethylene glycol)/peptide hydrogels displayed excellent cytocompatibility in vitro, and showed good histocompatibility in vivo in the subcutaneous layer of rats. Furthermore, the proliferation of several MMP-expressing cell lines including MDA-MB-231 cells within MSDHs was obviously faster than that in MIHs, indicating the influence of metabolism-mediated scaffold degradation on the cell proliferation. This study provides a new biocompatible and biodegradable 3 D cell culture interactive platform for regulation of cell behavior.
基金supported by NIH RO1 (No. AI49427) to Dr David S.Rubenstein
文摘Post-translational protein modification, including phosphorylation, is generally quick and reversible, facilitating rapid biologic adjustments to altered cellular physiologic demands. In addition to protein phosphorylation, other post-translational modifications have been identified. Intracellular protein O-glycosylation, the addition of the simple sugar O-linked N-acetylglucosamine （O-G1cNAc） to serine/threonine residues, is a relatively recently identified post-translational modification that has added to the complexity by which protein function is regulated. Two intracellular enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase, catalyze the addition and removal, respectively, of O-GlcNAc to serine and threonine side-chain hydroxyl groups. Numerous proteins, including enzymes, transcription factors, receptors and structural proteins have been shown to be modified by intracellular O-glycosylation. In this review, the mechanism and relevance of O-GlcNAc protein modification are discussed in the context of cell adhesion and several representative diseases.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2018YFB1500200).
文摘The Zn(O,S)thin film is considered a most promising candidate for a cadmium-free buffer layer of the Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)thin-film solar cell due to its advantages of optical responses in the short-wavelength region and adjustable bandgap.In this paper,the thin-film growth mechanism and process optimization of Zn(O,S)films fabricated using the chemical bath deposition method are sys-tematically investigated.The thickness and quality of Zn(O,S)films were found to be strongly affected by the concentration variation of the precursor chemicals.It was also revealed that different surface morphologies of Zn(O,S)films would appear if the reaction time were changed and,subsequently,the optimum reaction time was defined.The film-growth curve suggested that the growth rate varied linearly with the deposition temperature and some defects appeared when the temperature was too high.In addition,to further improve the film quality,an effective post-treatment approach was proposed and the experimental results showed that the microstructure of the Zn(O,S)thin film was improved by an ammonia etching process followed by an annealing process.For com-parison purposes,both Zn(O,S)-based and CdS-based devices were fabricated and characterized.The device with a Zn(O,S)-CIGS solar cell after post-treatment showed near conversion efficiency comparable to that of the device with the CdS-CIGS cell.
