The uses of optical fibers are numerous, and over the past few decades, they have extended from optical fiber communications to a wide variety of sensing applications. In particular, fiber Bragg grating（FBG） sensors...The uses of optical fibers are numerous, and over the past few decades, they have extended from optical fiber communications to a wide variety of sensing applications. In particular, fiber Bragg grating（FBG） sensors inscribed in single-mode optical fibers offer significant advantages over more conventional electrical sensors and have been successfully deployed in many different industries. In this Review, we review the applications of intrinsic FBG pressure and flow sensors in oil and gas and the deployment of FBG sensing networks in railways.The promising prospect of using polymer FBGs in wearable medical devices is also described.展开更多
Over the last several years,major efforts have been expended to study viral infection of honeybees mainly due to colony losses around the world(Allen M,et al.,1996).It seems that honeybees are infected with numerous v...Over the last several years,major efforts have been expended to study viral infection of honeybees mainly due to colony losses around the world(Allen M,et al.,1996).It seems that honeybees are infected with numerous viruses mounting to 18so far.Infection may be asymptomatic but could still have adverse effects on the bee and may even cause death resulting in colony collapse.Sacbrood virus(SBV)is the most widely distributed of all honey bee viruses.展开更多
It has been a long three years since the world was first introduced to the COVID-19 pandemic,and now that the country is reopening,it's a time for reflection on the lessons learned.As a resident of Shanghai since ...It has been a long three years since the world was first introduced to the COVID-19 pandemic,and now that the country is reopening,it's a time for reflection on the lessons learned.As a resident of Shanghai since 2009,1 have been grateful for the numerous opportunities that this city has provided for my family.I raised my two sons here,and they have both been educated and made friends in this vibrant city.展开更多
Detecting cell-free DNA(cfDNA) or circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) in plasma or serum could serve as a "liquid biopsy", which would be useful for numerous diagnostic applications. cfDNA methylation detection is ...Detecting cell-free DNA(cfDNA) or circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) in plasma or serum could serve as a "liquid biopsy", which would be useful for numerous diagnostic applications. cfDNA methylation detection is one of the most promising approaches for cancer risk assessment. Here, we reviewed the literature related to the use of serum or plasma circulating cell-free DNA for cancer diagnosis in the early stage and their power as future biomarkers.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Entoloma(Fr.)Kummer is a large genus,and occurs from arctic to tropical areas.Some of them are edible(Dai et al.2010)or medicinal(Dai & Yang 2008).
Neuroimaging has shown promise for diagnosing depression,but these diagnostic systems have not performed as well when tested in large multi-site datasets.Recently,a paper published in Nature Medicine[1]has made major ...Neuroimaging has shown promise for diagnosing depression,but these diagnostic systems have not performed as well when tested in large multi-site datasets.Recently,a paper published in Nature Medicine[1]has made major progress and provided good cues about how to understand mental disorders,not limited to depression.It is well known that mental disorders are associated with numerous personal and societal costs.展开更多
In the petroleum industry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology has been applied to numerous applications in the laboratory and for wireline logging, which provides vital information about the petrophysical pro...In the petroleum industry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology has been applied to numerous applications in the laboratory and for wireline logging, which provides vital information about the petrophysical properties of the reservoirs. The primary purpose of this paper is to evaluate the various applications of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance technology presently used in conventional and unconventional reservoir systems for formation evaluation purposes in the petroleum industry. Additionally, to better comprehend the type of analysis and information that could be derived from the NMR measurement, a detailed literature review was conducted on the history, theory, and principles of nuclear magnetic resonance. This paper also discussed some standard methods in which NMR technology has been used in the oil and gas industry to estimate reservoir properties such as porosity, permeability, wettability, irreducible water saturation, and irreducible oil saturation. Likewise, it reveals that the borehole and laboratory applications of the NMR measurement have been utilized in both conventional and unconventional reservoir systems to quantify critical parameters like pore size distribution, porosity, and permeability. The application of NMR measurement also gives a better understanding of the interaction between fluids in the reservoirs and the rock properties. This review establishes that the exploration and production of oil in the industry have benefited from NMR technology by effectively enhancing the evaluation of formation and fluid properties in the reservoir.展开更多
In the 1920s, Walker defined by statistics the existence of three large oscillations in the global atmosphere. Among them the Southern Oscillation (SO) has been the subject of numerous studies and still an important b...In the 1920s, Walker defined by statistics the existence of three large oscillations in the global atmosphere. Among them the Southern Oscillation (SO) has been the subject of numerous studies and still an important basis so far for making the longrange weather forecasting in some countries in southeast Asia. Investigatious展开更多
Since the establishment of the genus Scleropteris based on sterile pinnae by Saporta in 1872, little has been reported about its fructification. Many palaeobotanists, however, believe that Scleropteris is a pteridospe...Since the establishment of the genus Scleropteris based on sterile pinnae by Saporta in 1872, little has been reported about its fructification. Many palaeobotanists, however, believe that Scleropteris is a pteridosperm closely related to Pachypteris Brongniart and Ctenopteris Saporta (i. e. Ctenozamites Nathorst), or is a composite genus. Barale was the first one to cast doubt on the pteridospermous nature of Scleropteris based on展开更多
"We will never forget the important contribution made by numerous French friends to the cause of China’s development:Jean Augustin Bussiere,a French doctor,risked his life to transport much needed medicine on hi..."We will never forget the important contribution made by numerous French friends to the cause of China’s development:Jean Augustin Bussiere,a French doctor,risked his life to transport much needed medicine on his bike to base area of anti-Japanese aggression in China,"said President Xi Jinping at the meeting commemorating the 50th anniversary of the establishment of ChinaFrance diplomatic relations in Paris on March 27,2014."Comrade Norman Bethune,a member of the Com-展开更多
Graphene oxide（GO） has a wide fluorescence bandwidth,which makes it a prospective candidate for numerous applications.For many of these applications,the fluorescence yield of GO should be further increased.The sp2-h...Graphene oxide（GO） has a wide fluorescence bandwidth,which makes it a prospective candidate for numerous applications.For many of these applications,the fluorescence yield of GO should be further increased.The sp2-hybridized carbons in GO confine the π-electrons.Radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs in such sp2 clusters is the source of fluorescence in this material.Palladium nanoparticles are good catalysts for sp2 bond formations.We report on the preparation of GO,palladium nanoparticles and their nanocomposites in two different solvents.It is shown that palladium nanoparticles can considerably enhance the intrinsic fluorescence of GO in the blue-green part of the visible light spectrum.Fluorescence enhancement has been attributed to the catalytic role of palladium nanoparticles in increasing the number of sp2 bonds of GO with the molecules of the surrounding media.It is shown that palladium nanoparticles could be the nanoparticle of choice for fluorescence enhancement of GO because of their catalytic role in sp2 bond formation.展开更多
The intensity distribution in Fresnel diffraction through a slit includes numerous small fluctuations referred to as ripples. These ripples make the modelling of the intensity distribution complicated. In this study, ...The intensity distribution in Fresnel diffraction through a slit includes numerous small fluctuations referred to as ripples. These ripples make the modelling of the intensity distribution complicated. In this study, we examine the characteristics of the Fresnel diffraction intensity distribution to deduce the rule for the peak position and then propose two types of quantum-mathematical models to obtain the distance between the edge and the peak point. The analysis and simulation indicate that the error in the models is below 0.50 μm. The models can also be used to detect the edges of a diffraction object, and we conduct several experiments to measure the slit width. The experimental results reveal that the repetition accuracy of the method can reach 0.23 μm.展开更多
Magnacicadiidae fam. nov. （Homoptera） described in this paper is based on two rather complete specimens collected from the black mudstone of the Tongchuan （铜川） Formation （T22t） at Jinsuoguan （金锁关） of Tong...Magnacicadiidae fam. nov. （Homoptera） described in this paper is based on two rather complete specimens collected from the black mudstone of the Tongchuan （铜川） Formation （T22t） at Jinsuoguan （金锁关） of Tongchuan, Shaanxi （陕西） Province. Here the stratigraphic sequence is as follows:展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION The de carbon arc source is one of the fundamental sources used in analytical emission spectroscopy. Though during the past two decades many other new sources have been developed, the carbon arc sourc...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION The de carbon arc source is one of the fundamental sources used in analytical emission spectroscopy. Though during the past two decades many other new sources have been developed, the carbon arc source, due to its simplicity, suitabitity and sensitivity, is still being commonly used in numerous fields. By using this source in the analysis展开更多
Over the past two decades the view of reactive oxygen species(ROS)as merely cytotoxic compounds has changed considerably(Waszczak et al.,2018).While still being considered as reactive chemicals with potentially devast...Over the past two decades the view of reactive oxygen species(ROS)as merely cytotoxic compounds has changed considerably(Waszczak et al.,2018).While still being considered as reactive chemicals with potentially devastating detrimental effects,ROS have been shown to be used by plants and animals alike as messengers in numerous signaling networks,including responses to biotic and abiotic environmental cues as well as developmental processes(Waszczak et al.,2018;Zandalinas et al.,2020).展开更多
In this paper, we discuss the dynamic characteristics of the non-stationary population control systems, give the expansion in series of the solution, and obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the systems ...In this paper, we discuss the dynamic characteristics of the non-stationary population control systems, give the expansion in series of the solution, and obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the systems to be stable, and then we展开更多
In 1979 an important discovery of a marine bed with both planktonic and benthic foraminifera was reported and the lower boundary of the Quaternary of the Beijing Plain was discussed. Since then we have made another in...In 1979 an important discovery of a marine bed with both planktonic and benthic foraminifera was reported and the lower boundary of the Quaternary of the Beijing Plain was discussed. Since then we have made another interesting discovery of a nannofossil assemblage from the same foraminifera-bearing bed in the cores S1, S2, S3,S4, S5, S6, X2 and T7, by which further discussion on the stratigraphy and paleoclimatology is facilitated (see Fig. 1).展开更多
Recently,Riess et al.[1]reported the new result of local measurement of the Hubble constant,H_0=(73.00±1.75)km s^(-1) Mpc^(-1),which is 3.3σhigher than the fit result of ocal measurement of the Hubble constant, ...Recently,Riess et al.[1]reported the new result of local measurement of the Hubble constant,H_0=(73.00±1.75)km s^(-1) Mpc^(-1),which is 3.3σhigher than the fit result of ocal measurement of the Hubble constant, H_0 = (73.00 ± 1.75) km s^(-1) Mpc^(-1), which is 3.3σ higher than the fit result of (66.93±0.62) km s^(-1) Mpc^(-1) derived by the Planck collaboration based on theΛCDM model withmν=0.06 e V using the latest Planck CMB data.The tension between the latest H0measurement and the Planck data has inspired numerous discussions.On one hand,it might be caused by some systematic uncertainties in the measurements.On the other hand,perhaps one has omitted some unknown physical factors in the cosmological model,which leads to some inconsistencies among different data sets.For example,replacing the cosmological constant with a dynamical dark energy[2]and considering the extra relativistic degrees of freedom(i.e.,an additional parameter Neff)[1,3,4]both can help relieve this tension to some extent.It was also shown in ref.[4]that the involvement of light sterile neutrinos in the cosmological model can simultaneously relieve almost all the tensions among the current astrophysical observations,which leads to a new cosmic concordance.展开更多
文摘The uses of optical fibers are numerous, and over the past few decades, they have extended from optical fiber communications to a wide variety of sensing applications. In particular, fiber Bragg grating（FBG） sensors inscribed in single-mode optical fibers offer significant advantages over more conventional electrical sensors and have been successfully deployed in many different industries. In this Review, we review the applications of intrinsic FBG pressure and flow sensors in oil and gas and the deployment of FBG sensing networks in railways.The promising prospect of using polymer FBGs in wearable medical devices is also described.
文摘Over the last several years,major efforts have been expended to study viral infection of honeybees mainly due to colony losses around the world(Allen M,et al.,1996).It seems that honeybees are infected with numerous viruses mounting to 18so far.Infection may be asymptomatic but could still have adverse effects on the bee and may even cause death resulting in colony collapse.Sacbrood virus(SBV)is the most widely distributed of all honey bee viruses.
文摘It has been a long three years since the world was first introduced to the COVID-19 pandemic,and now that the country is reopening,it's a time for reflection on the lessons learned.As a resident of Shanghai since 2009,1 have been grateful for the numerous opportunities that this city has provided for my family.I raised my two sons here,and they have both been educated and made friends in this vibrant city.
基金supported by the Precision Medicine Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-EW-L14)the National Basic Research Program (2012CB518302, 2013CB911001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31540033, 91019024)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA01040407)
文摘Detecting cell-free DNA(cfDNA) or circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) in plasma or serum could serve as a "liquid biopsy", which would be useful for numerous diagnostic applications. cfDNA methylation detection is one of the most promising approaches for cancer risk assessment. Here, we reviewed the literature related to the use of serum or plasma circulating cell-free DNA for cancer diagnosis in the early stage and their power as future biomarkers.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31070024,30970023,30499340)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.E05202480)
文摘INTRODUCTION Entoloma(Fr.)Kummer is a large genus,and occurs from arctic to tropical areas.Some of them are edible(Dai et al.2010)or medicinal(Dai & Yang 2008).
文摘Neuroimaging has shown promise for diagnosing depression,but these diagnostic systems have not performed as well when tested in large multi-site datasets.Recently,a paper published in Nature Medicine[1]has made major progress and provided good cues about how to understand mental disorders,not limited to depression.It is well known that mental disorders are associated with numerous personal and societal costs.
文摘In the petroleum industry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology has been applied to numerous applications in the laboratory and for wireline logging, which provides vital information about the petrophysical properties of the reservoirs. The primary purpose of this paper is to evaluate the various applications of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance technology presently used in conventional and unconventional reservoir systems for formation evaluation purposes in the petroleum industry. Additionally, to better comprehend the type of analysis and information that could be derived from the NMR measurement, a detailed literature review was conducted on the history, theory, and principles of nuclear magnetic resonance. This paper also discussed some standard methods in which NMR technology has been used in the oil and gas industry to estimate reservoir properties such as porosity, permeability, wettability, irreducible water saturation, and irreducible oil saturation. Likewise, it reveals that the borehole and laboratory applications of the NMR measurement have been utilized in both conventional and unconventional reservoir systems to quantify critical parameters like pore size distribution, porosity, and permeability. The application of NMR measurement also gives a better understanding of the interaction between fluids in the reservoirs and the rock properties. This review establishes that the exploration and production of oil in the industry have benefited from NMR technology by effectively enhancing the evaluation of formation and fluid properties in the reservoir.
文摘In the 1920s, Walker defined by statistics the existence of three large oscillations in the global atmosphere. Among them the Southern Oscillation (SO) has been the subject of numerous studies and still an important basis so far for making the longrange weather forecasting in some countries in southeast Asia. Investigatious
文摘Since the establishment of the genus Scleropteris based on sterile pinnae by Saporta in 1872, little has been reported about its fructification. Many palaeobotanists, however, believe that Scleropteris is a pteridosperm closely related to Pachypteris Brongniart and Ctenopteris Saporta (i. e. Ctenozamites Nathorst), or is a composite genus. Barale was the first one to cast doubt on the pteridospermous nature of Scleropteris based on
文摘"We will never forget the important contribution made by numerous French friends to the cause of China’s development:Jean Augustin Bussiere,a French doctor,risked his life to transport much needed medicine on his bike to base area of anti-Japanese aggression in China,"said President Xi Jinping at the meeting commemorating the 50th anniversary of the establishment of ChinaFrance diplomatic relations in Paris on March 27,2014."Comrade Norman Bethune,a member of the Com-
文摘Graphene oxide（GO） has a wide fluorescence bandwidth,which makes it a prospective candidate for numerous applications.For many of these applications,the fluorescence yield of GO should be further increased.The sp2-hybridized carbons in GO confine the π-electrons.Radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs in such sp2 clusters is the source of fluorescence in this material.Palladium nanoparticles are good catalysts for sp2 bond formations.We report on the preparation of GO,palladium nanoparticles and their nanocomposites in two different solvents.It is shown that palladium nanoparticles can considerably enhance the intrinsic fluorescence of GO in the blue-green part of the visible light spectrum.Fluorescence enhancement has been attributed to the catalytic role of palladium nanoparticles in increasing the number of sp2 bonds of GO with the molecules of the surrounding media.It is shown that palladium nanoparticles could be the nanoparticle of choice for fluorescence enhancement of GO because of their catalytic role in sp2 bond formation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61475018)
文摘The intensity distribution in Fresnel diffraction through a slit includes numerous small fluctuations referred to as ripples. These ripples make the modelling of the intensity distribution complicated. In this study, we examine the characteristics of the Fresnel diffraction intensity distribution to deduce the rule for the peak position and then propose two types of quantum-mathematical models to obtain the distance between the edge and the peak point. The analysis and simulation indicate that the error in the models is below 0.50 μm. The models can also be used to detect the edges of a diffraction object, and we conduct several experiments to measure the slit width. The experimental results reveal that the repetition accuracy of the method can reach 0.23 μm.
文摘Magnacicadiidae fam. nov. （Homoptera） described in this paper is based on two rather complete specimens collected from the black mudstone of the Tongchuan （铜川） Formation （T22t） at Jinsuoguan （金锁关） of Tongchuan, Shaanxi （陕西） Province. Here the stratigraphic sequence is as follows:
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION The de carbon arc source is one of the fundamental sources used in analytical emission spectroscopy. Though during the past two decades many other new sources have been developed, the carbon arc source, due to its simplicity, suitabitity and sensitivity, is still being commonly used in numerous fields. By using this source in the analysis
文摘Over the past two decades the view of reactive oxygen species(ROS)as merely cytotoxic compounds has changed considerably(Waszczak et al.,2018).While still being considered as reactive chemicals with potentially devastating detrimental effects,ROS have been shown to be used by plants and animals alike as messengers in numerous signaling networks,including responses to biotic and abiotic environmental cues as well as developmental processes(Waszczak et al.,2018;Zandalinas et al.,2020).
文摘In this paper, we discuss the dynamic characteristics of the non-stationary population control systems, give the expansion in series of the solution, and obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the systems to be stable, and then we
文摘In 1979 an important discovery of a marine bed with both planktonic and benthic foraminifera was reported and the lower boundary of the Quaternary of the Beijing Plain was discussed. Since then we have made another interesting discovery of a nannofossil assemblage from the same foraminifera-bearing bed in the cores S1, S2, S3,S4, S5, S6, X2 and T7, by which further discussion on the stratigraphy and paleoclimatology is facilitated (see Fig. 1).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11522540, and 11690021)the Top-Notch Young Talents Program of China, and the Provincial Department of Education of Liaoning (Grant No. L2012087)
文摘Recently,Riess et al.[1]reported the new result of local measurement of the Hubble constant,H_0=(73.00±1.75)km s^(-1) Mpc^(-1),which is 3.3σhigher than the fit result of ocal measurement of the Hubble constant, H_0 = (73.00 ± 1.75) km s^(-1) Mpc^(-1), which is 3.3σ higher than the fit result of (66.93±0.62) km s^(-1) Mpc^(-1) derived by the Planck collaboration based on theΛCDM model withmν=0.06 e V using the latest Planck CMB data.The tension between the latest H0measurement and the Planck data has inspired numerous discussions.On one hand,it might be caused by some systematic uncertainties in the measurements.On the other hand,perhaps one has omitted some unknown physical factors in the cosmological model,which leads to some inconsistencies among different data sets.For example,replacing the cosmological constant with a dynamical dark energy[2]and considering the extra relativistic degrees of freedom(i.e.,an additional parameter Neff)[1,3,4]both can help relieve this tension to some extent.It was also shown in ref.[4]that the involvement of light sterile neutrinos in the cosmological model can simultaneously relieve almost all the tensions among the current astrophysical observations,which leads to a new cosmic concordance.
